mirror of https://github.com/vbatts/bvi.git
405 lines
16 KiB
Groff
405 lines
16 KiB
Groff
BVI(1) User Commands BVI(1)
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NAME
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bvi, bview - visual display editor for binary files
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VERSION
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bvi-1.2.0
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SYNOPSIS
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bvi [-R] [-c cmd] [-f script] file...
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bview [-R] [-c cmd] [-f script] file...
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OPTIONS
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file...
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One or more files. The file argument indicates one or
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more files to be edited.
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-R "Readonly": The readonly flag is set for all the
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files, preventing accidental overwriting with a write
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command.
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-c cmd
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Execute command cmd. Begin editing by executing the
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specified editor command (usually a search or
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positioning command).
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-f script
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This command provides a means for collecting a series
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of "ex" (colon) commands into a script file, then
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using this file to edit other files. Since there is no
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binary stream editor "bsed", you can use this option
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to make several global changes in a binary file.
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DESCRIPTION
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Bvi stands for "Binary VIsual editor". Bvi is a display
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oriented editor for binary files; its command set is based
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on those of the vi(1) texteditor. As a binary editor
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cannot have the concept of "lines" there are several
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differences to Vi commands (see COMPARISON).
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COMPARISON
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The main differences between Vi and Bvi are:
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The screen is divided in three sections/windows: The byte
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offset (at the left side), the hex window (in the middle),
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and the ascii window (to the right) which shows the ascii
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values of those bytes in the hex window. On an 80 column
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terminal you will therefore see sixteen hex values and
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their ASCII values on each screen line. Note that the
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first byte has the offset '0' (zero).
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You can toggle between the hex and ascii windows with the
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tabulator key (TAB). Toggling between these two windows
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does not change the current position within the file.
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No "lines" concept: Files are treated as one long series
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of bytes only. These characters "newline" and "carriage
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return" thus are not special, ie they do not mark the end
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of lines. Therefore the lines on the screen do not
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represent lines in the usual way. Data is broken across
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screen lines as they happen to fit in. As a consequence
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there are no commands in bvi from ex or vi that are based
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on line numbers, eg "dd", "yy", 'C', 'S', 'o', 'O'. This
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also changes the meaning of "range" before the ":write"
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command to a byte offset, ie the command ":100,200w foo"
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writes all *bytes* (not lines) from offset 100 to offset
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200 to the file "foo".
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No "text objects": There are also no text-specific
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arrangements like words, paragraphs, sentences, sections
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and so on.
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Extended "ruler": The bottom line of the screen shows the
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current address (byte offset) and the current character in
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these notations:
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octal, hexadecimal, decimal and ascii.
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Search patterns: All search commands understand these
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special characters:
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. any character
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[] set of characters
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* zero or more occurrences of previous char or set
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But as there is no concept of lines you cannot use the
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standard symbols ("anchors") for "begin-of-line" ('^') and
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"end-of-line" ('$'). Searching for the start/end of lines
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must be done explicitly by adding these special characters
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to your search pattern using these meta sequences:
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\n newline
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\r return
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\t tab
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\0 binary zero
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Additional search commands: Similar to the text search
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commands there are additional hex-search functions '\' and
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'#' which allow to search for any byte value. Example:
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"\62 76 69" will search for the string "bvi". Spaces
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between hex value are optional, so searching for
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"6775636B6573" will find "guckes".
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Changing data (insertion, deletion) moves the data to
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other addresses; this is bad for many cases (eg.
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databases, program files) and is thus disabled by default.
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You can enable this commands by typing
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:set memmove
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BVI Modes:
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Command Mode aka Normal Mode:
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Input is treated as commands. Note that command mode is
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the default mode after startup and when you escape/quit
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from either command line mode or input mode. Use ESC
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(escape) to cancel a partial (uncompleted) command.
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Input Mode:
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Input is treated as replacement of current character or is
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appended to the current file. This mode is entered from
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command mode by typing either of 'i', 'I', 'A', 'r', or
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'R'. You can enter the character itself (in the ASCII
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window) or its hexadecimal value (in the HEX window).
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Type TAB to switch between these two windows. Type ESC to
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cancel current command and return to command mode. Type
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CTRL-C to cancel current command abnormally.
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Command line mode (aka Last Line Mode):
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Reading input for : / ? \ # or !; terminate by typing a
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carriage return; an interrupt cancels termination. Type
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ESC to cancel current command and return to command mode.
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ENVIRONMENT
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The editor recognizes the environment variable BVIINIT as
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a command (or list of commands) to run when it starts
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up. If this variable is undefined, the editor checks for
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startup commands in the file ~/.bvirc file, which you
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must own. However, if there is a .bvirc owned by you in
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the current directory, the editor takes its startup
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commands from this file - overriding both the file in your
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home directory and the environment variable.
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TERMINOLOGY
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Characters names are abbreviated as follows:
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Abbr. ASCII name aka
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CR 010 carriage return
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^A 001 control-a
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^H 008 control-h
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^I 009 control-i aka TAB
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^U 021 control-u
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^Z 026 control-z
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ESC 027 escape aka ESC
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DEL 127 delete
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LEFT --- left arrow
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RIGHT --- right arrow
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DOWN --- down arrow
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UP --- up arrow
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COMMAND SUMMARY
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See the TERMINOLOGY for a summary on key name
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abbreviations used within the following description of
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commands.
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Abstract:
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Arrow keys move the cursor on the screen within the
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current window.
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Sample commands:
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:version show version info
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<- v ^ -> arrow keys move the cursor
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h j k l same as arrow keys
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u undo previous change
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ZZ exit bvi, saving changes
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:q! quit, discarding changes
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/text search for text
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^U ^D scroll up or down
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Counts before bvi commands:
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Numbers may be typed as a prefix to some commands.
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They are interpreted in one of these ways.
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screen column |
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byte of file G
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scroll amount ^D ^U
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repeat effect most of the rest
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Interrupting, canceling
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ESC end insert or incomplete command
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DEL (delete or rubout) interrupts
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File manipulation:
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ZZ if file modified, write and exit;
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otherwise, exit
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:w write changed buffer to file
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:w! write changed buffer to file, overriding
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read-only ("forced" write)
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:q quit when no changes have been made
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:q! quit and discard all changes
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:e file edit file
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:e! reedit current file, discard all changes
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:e # edit the alternate file
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:e! # edit the alternate file, discard changes
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:w file write current buffer to file
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:w! file write current buffer to file overriding
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read-only (this "overwrites" the file)
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:sh run the command as set with option "shell",
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then return
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:!cmd run the command cmd from "shell", then
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return
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:n edit next file in the argument list
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:f show current filename, modified flag,
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current byte offset, and percentage of
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current position within buffer
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^G same as :f
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Additional edit commands
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You can insert/append/change bytes in
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ASCII/binary/decimal/ hexadecimal or octal representation.
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You can enter several (screen) lines of input. A line with
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only a period (.) in it will terminate the command. You
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must not type in values greater than a byte value. This
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causes an abandom of the command. Pressing the CR key
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does not insert a newline - character into the file. If
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you use ASCII mode you can use the special characters \n,
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\r, \t and \0.
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:i aCR insert bytes (ASCII) at cursor position
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:a bCR append bytes (Binary) at end of file
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:c hCR change bytes (hexadecimal) at cursor position
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Bit-level operations
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:and n bitwise 'and' operation with value n
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:or n bitwise 'or' operation with value n
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:xor n bitwise 'xor' operation with value n
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:neg two's complement
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:not logical negation
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:sl i shift each byte i bits to the left
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:sr i shift each byte i bits to the right
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:rl i rotate each byte i bits to the left
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:rr i rotate each byte i bits to the right
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Command mode addresses
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:w foo write current buffer to a file
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named "foo"
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:5,10w foo copy byte 5 through 100 into as
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file named foo
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:.,.+20w foo copy the current byte and the next
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20 bytes to foo
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:^,'aw foo write all bytes from the beginning
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through marker 'a'
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:/pat/,$ foo search pattern pat and and copy
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through end of file
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Positioning within file:
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^B backward screen
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^F forward screen
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^D scroll down half screen
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^U scroll up half screen
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nG go to the specified character
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(end default), where n is a decimal address
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/pat next line matching pat
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?pat previous line matching pat
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\hex jump to next occurrence of hex string hex
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#hex jump to previous occurrence of hex string hex
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n repeat last search command
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N repeat last search command, but in opposite
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direction
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Adjusting the screen:
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^L clear and redraw screen
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zCR redraw screen with current line at top of screen
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z- redraw screen with current line at bottom of
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screen
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z. redraw screen with current line at center of
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screen
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/pat/z- search for pattern pat and then move currents
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line to bottom
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^E scroll screen down 1 line
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^Y scroll screen up 1 line
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Marking and returning:
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mx mark current position with lower-case letter x
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Note: this command works for all lower-case
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letters
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'x move cursor to mark x in ASCII section
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`x move cursor to mark x in HEX section
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'' move cursor to previous context in ASCII section
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`` move cursor to previous context in HEX section
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Line positioning:
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H jump to first line on screen ("top")
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L jump to last line on screen ("low")
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M jump to middle line on screen ("middle")
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- jump onto previous line on screen
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+ jump onto next line on screen
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CR same as +
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DOWN or j next line, same column
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UP or k previous line, same column
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Character positioning:
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^ first byte in HEX window
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$ end of screen line
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l or RIGHT jump onto next byte (within current
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screen line)
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h or LEFT jump onto previous byte (within current
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screen line)
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^H same as LEFT
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space same as RIGHT
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fx find next occurrence of character x
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Fx find previous occurrence of character x
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n| jump onto nth byte/character within current
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line
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Strings:
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(works similar to the strings(1) command)
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Note: "Words" are defined as strings of "nonprinting
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characters".
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e jump to next end of word
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w jump to next begin of word
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b jump to previous begin of word
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W forward to next string delimited with a
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\0 or \n
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B back to previous string delimited with a
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nonprinting char
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Corrections during insert:
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^H erase last character (backspace)
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erase your erase character, same as ^H (backspace)
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ESC ends insertion, back to command mode
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Append and replace:
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A append at end of file
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rx replace current bte with char 'x'
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R enter replace mode; for all subsequent input,
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the current byte is overwritten with the next
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input character; leave replace mode with ESC.
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Miscellaneous Operations:
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TAB toggle between ASCII and HEX section
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Yank and Put:
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3ySPACE yank 3 characters
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p insert contents of yank buffer
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o replace text with content of yank buffer
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P put back at end of file
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Undo, Redo:
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u undo last change
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Note: Only the last change can be undone.
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Therefore this commands toggles between the
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last and second-t-last state of the buffer.
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Setting Options:
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With the :set command you can set options in bvi
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Option Default Description
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autowrite noaw Save current file, if modified, if you
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give a :n, :r or ! command
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columns cm=16 on an 80 character wide terminal
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ignorecase noic Ignores letter case in searching
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magic nomagic Makes . [ * special in patterns
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memmove nomm enables insert and delete commands
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offset of=0 adds an offset to the diplayed addresses
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readonly noro If set, write fails unless you use ! after command
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scroll sc=1/2 window
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Number of lines scrolled by ^U and ^D
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showmode mo Displays statusline on bottom of the screen
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terse noterse Let you obtain shorter error messages
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window window=screensize
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Lines in window, can be reduced at slow terminals
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wordlength wl=4 Length of an ASCII-string found by w, W, b or B
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wrapscan ws Searches wrap around past the end of the file
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unixstyle nous The representation of ascii characters below
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32 is displayed in the statusline as shown
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in ascii(7) if unset rather in DOS-style (^A)
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AUTHOR
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bvi was developed by Gerhard Buergmann, Vienna, Austria
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Gerhard.Buergmann@altavista.net
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WWW
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Bvi Homepage: http://bvi.linuxave.net/
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Vi Pages: http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/vi/
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(all about Vi and its clones)
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FILES
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$HOME/.bvirc editor startup file
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./.bvirc editor startup file
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BUGS
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Bvi does not update the screen when the terminal changes
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its size.
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SEE ALSO
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vi(1), strings(1), ascii(5)
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31/Oct/99 BVI Version 1.2.0 8
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