mirror of
https://github.com/vbatts/bvi.git
synced 2024-12-23 07:06:32 +00:00
424 lines
17 KiB
HTML
424 lines
17 KiB
HTML
<xmp>
|
|
BVI(1) User Commands BVI(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
bvi, bview - visual display editor for binary files
|
|
|
|
VERSION
|
|
bvi-1.3.0
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
bvi [-R] [-c cmd] [-b begin] [-e end] [-s size] [-f script] file...
|
|
bview [-R] [-c cmd] [-b begin] [-e end] [-s size] [-f script] file...
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
file...
|
|
A list of filenames. The first one will be the
|
|
current file and will be read into the buffer. The
|
|
cursor will be positioned on the first line of the
|
|
buffer. You can get to the other files with the
|
|
":next" command.
|
|
|
|
-R "Readonly": The readonly flag is set for all the
|
|
files, preventing accidental overwriting with a write
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
-b begin
|
|
causes bvi to load a file not from the start but from
|
|
offset {begin}.
|
|
|
|
-e end
|
|
causes bvi to load a file not till end but till address
|
|
{end}.
|
|
|
|
-s size
|
|
causes bvi not to load the complete file but only
|
|
{size} bytes.
|
|
|
|
-c cmd
|
|
{cmd} will be executed after the first file has
|
|
been read. If the {cmd} contains spaces it must
|
|
be enclosed in double quotes (this depends on the
|
|
shell that is used).
|
|
|
|
-f script
|
|
This command provides a means for collecting a series
|
|
of "ex" (colon) commands into a script file, then
|
|
using this file to edit other files. Since there is no
|
|
binary stream editor "bsed", you can use this option
|
|
to make several global changes in a binary file.
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
Bvi stands for "Binary VIsual editor". Bvi is a screen
|
|
oriented editor for binary files; its command set is based
|
|
on that of the vi(1) text editor. As a binary editor does
|
|
not have the concept of "lines" there are differences from
|
|
Vi commands wherever the latter are line orientate.
|
|
|
|
COMPARISON
|
|
The main differences between Vi and Bvi are:
|
|
|
|
The screen is divided in three sections or panes: The byte
|
|
offset (extreme left), the hex pane (middle), and an ascii
|
|
pane (right) which shows as printable characters those
|
|
bytes in the hex pane. On an 80 column terminal there
|
|
will be sixteen hex values and their ASCII values on each
|
|
screen line. Note that (as one would expect) the first
|
|
byte has the offset '0' (zero).
|
|
|
|
You can toggle between the hex and ascii windows with the
|
|
tabulator key (TAB). Toggling between these two windows
|
|
does not change the current position within the file.
|
|
|
|
No "lines" concept: Files are treated as one long stream
|
|
of bytes. The characters "newline" and "carriage return"
|
|
are not special, id est they never mark the end of lines.
|
|
Therefore the lines on the screen do not represent lines
|
|
in the usual way. Data is broken across screen lines
|
|
arbitarily. As a consequence there are no commands in bvi
|
|
from ex or vi that are based on line numbers, eg "dd",
|
|
"yy", 'C', 'S', 'o', 'O'. This also changes the meaning
|
|
of "range" before the ":write" command to a byte offset,
|
|
ie the command ":100,200w foo" writes all *bytes* (not
|
|
lines) from offset 100 to offset 200 to the file "foo".
|
|
|
|
No "text objects": There are also no text-specific
|
|
arrangements like words, paragraphs, sentences, sections
|
|
and so on.
|
|
|
|
Extended "ruler": The bottom line of the screen shows the
|
|
current address (byte offset) and the current character in
|
|
these notations:
|
|
|
|
octal, hexadecimal, decimal and ascii.
|
|
|
|
Search patterns: All search commands understand these
|
|
special characters:
|
|
|
|
. any character
|
|
[] set of characters
|
|
* zero or more occurrences of previous char or set
|
|
|
|
But as there is no concept of lines you cannot use the
|
|
standard symbols ("anchors") for "begin-of-line" ('^') and
|
|
"end-of-line" ('$'). Searching for the start/end of lines
|
|
must be done explicitly by adding these special characters
|
|
to your search pattern using these meta sequences:
|
|
|
|
\n newline
|
|
\r return
|
|
\t tab
|
|
\0 binary zero
|
|
|
|
Additional search commands: Similar to the text search
|
|
commands there are additional hex-search functions '\' and
|
|
'#' which allow to search for any byte value. Example:
|
|
"\62 76 69" will search for the string "bvi". Spaces
|
|
between hex value are optional, so searching for
|
|
"6775636B6573" will find "guckes".
|
|
|
|
Changing data (insertion, deletion) moves the data to
|
|
other addresses; this is bad for many cases (eg.
|
|
databases, program files) and is thus disabled by default.
|
|
You can enable this commands by typing
|
|
|
|
:set memmove
|
|
|
|
BVI Modes:
|
|
|
|
Command Mode (Normal Mode):
|
|
|
|
Input is treated as command. Note that command mode is
|
|
the default mode after startup and after escaping from
|
|
input mode. Use ESC (escape) to cancel a partial
|
|
(uncompleted) command.
|
|
|
|
Input Mode:
|
|
|
|
Input is treated as replacement of current characters or
|
|
(after the end of the file) is appended to the current
|
|
file. This mode is entered from command mode by typing
|
|
one of 'i', 'I', 'A', 'r', or 'R'. You can enter the
|
|
characters from the keyboard (in the ASCII window) or
|
|
hexadecimal values (in the HEX window). Type TAB to
|
|
switch between these two windows. Type ESC to finish the
|
|
current input and return to command mode. Type CTRL-C to
|
|
cancel current command abnormally.
|
|
|
|
Command line mode (Last Line Mode or : mode):
|
|
|
|
Similar to vi, this mode is entered by typing one of the
|
|
characters : / ? \ # ! The command is terminated and
|
|
executed by typing a carriage return; to cancel a
|
|
partially typed command, type ESC to cancel the current
|
|
command and return to command mode.
|
|
|
|
ENVIRONMENT
|
|
The editor recognizes the environment variable BVIINIT as
|
|
a command (or list of commands) to run when it starts
|
|
up. If this variable is undefined, the editor checks for
|
|
startup commands in the file ~/.bvirc file, which you
|
|
must own. However, if there is a .bvirc owned by you in
|
|
the current directory, the editor takes its startup
|
|
commands from this file - overriding both the file in your
|
|
home directory and the environment variable.
|
|
|
|
TERMINOLOGY
|
|
Characters names are abbreviated as follows:
|
|
Abbr. ASCII name aka
|
|
CR 010 carriage return
|
|
^A 001 control-a
|
|
^H 008 control-h
|
|
^I 009 control-i aka TAB
|
|
^U 021 control-u
|
|
^Z 026 control-z
|
|
ESC 027 escape aka ESC
|
|
DEL 127 delete
|
|
LEFT --- left arrow
|
|
RIGHT --- right arrow
|
|
DOWN --- down arrow
|
|
UP --- up arrow
|
|
|
|
COMMAND SUMMARY
|
|
See the TERMINOLOGY for a summary on key name
|
|
abbreviations used within the following description of
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
Abstract:
|
|
Arrow keys move the cursor on the screen within the
|
|
current window.
|
|
|
|
Sample commands:
|
|
:version show version info
|
|
<- v ^ -> arrow keys move the cursor
|
|
h j k l same as arrow keys
|
|
u undo previous change
|
|
ZZ exit bvi, saving changes
|
|
:q! quit, discarding changes
|
|
/text search for text
|
|
^U ^D scroll up or down
|
|
|
|
Counts before bvi commands:
|
|
Numbers may be typed as a prefix to some commands.
|
|
They are interpreted in one of these ways.
|
|
|
|
screen column |
|
|
byte of file G
|
|
scroll amount ^D ^U
|
|
repeat effect most of the rest
|
|
|
|
Interrupting, canceling
|
|
ESC end insert or incomplete command
|
|
DEL (delete or rubout) interrupts
|
|
|
|
File manipulation:
|
|
ZZ if file modified, write and exit;
|
|
otherwise, exit
|
|
:w write changed buffer to file
|
|
:w! write changed buffer to file, overriding
|
|
read-only ("forced" write)
|
|
:q quit when no changes have been made
|
|
:q! quit and discard all changes
|
|
:e file edit file
|
|
:e! reedit current file, discard all changes
|
|
:e # edit the alternate file
|
|
:e! # edit the alternate file, discard changes
|
|
:w file write current buffer to file
|
|
:w! file write current buffer to file overriding
|
|
read-only (this "overwrites" the file)
|
|
:sh run the command as set with option "shell",
|
|
then return
|
|
:!cmd run the command cmd from "shell", then
|
|
return
|
|
:n edit next file in the argument list
|
|
:f show current filename, modified flag,
|
|
current byte offset, and percentage of
|
|
current position within buffer
|
|
^G same as :f
|
|
|
|
Additional edit commands
|
|
You can insert/append/change bytes in
|
|
ASCII/binary/decimal/ hexadecimal or octal representation.
|
|
You can enter several (screen) lines of input. A line with
|
|
only a period (.) in it will terminate the command. You
|
|
must not type in values greater than a byte value. This
|
|
causes an abandom of the command. Pressing the CR key
|
|
does not insert a newline - character into the file. If
|
|
you use ASCII mode you can use the special characters \n,
|
|
\r, \t and \0.
|
|
|
|
:i aCR insert bytes (ASCII) at cursor position
|
|
:a bCR append bytes (Binary) at end of file
|
|
:c hCR change bytes (hexadecimal) at cursor position
|
|
|
|
Bit-level operations
|
|
:and n bitwise 'and' operation with value n
|
|
:or n bitwise 'or' operation with value n
|
|
:xor n bitwise 'xor' operation with value n
|
|
:neg two's complement
|
|
:not logical negation
|
|
:sl i shift each byte i bits to the left
|
|
:sr i shift each byte i bits to the right
|
|
:rl i rotate each byte i bits to the left
|
|
:rr i rotate each byte i bits to the right
|
|
|
|
Command mode addresses
|
|
:w foo write current buffer to a file
|
|
named "foo"
|
|
:5,10w foo copy byte 5 through 100 into as
|
|
file named foo
|
|
:.,.+20w foo copy the current byte and the next
|
|
20 bytes to foo
|
|
:^,'aw foo write all bytes from the beginning
|
|
through marker 'a'
|
|
:/pat/,$ foo search pattern pat and and copy
|
|
through end of file
|
|
|
|
Positioning within file:
|
|
^B backward screen
|
|
^F forward screen
|
|
^D scroll down half screen
|
|
^U scroll up half screen
|
|
nG go to the specified character
|
|
(end default), where n is a decimal address
|
|
/pat next line matching pat
|
|
?pat previous line matching pat
|
|
\hex jump to next occurrence of hex string hex
|
|
#hex jump to previous occurrence of hex string hex
|
|
n repeat last search command
|
|
N repeat last search command, but in opposite
|
|
direction
|
|
|
|
Adjusting the screen:
|
|
^L clear and redraw screen
|
|
zCR redraw screen with current line at top of screen
|
|
z- redraw screen with current line at bottom of
|
|
screen
|
|
z. redraw screen with current line at center of
|
|
screen
|
|
/pat/z- search for pattern pat and then move currents
|
|
line to bottom
|
|
^E scroll screen down 1 line
|
|
^Y scroll screen up 1 line
|
|
|
|
Marking and returning:
|
|
mx mark current position with lower-case letter x
|
|
Note: this command works for all lower-case
|
|
letters
|
|
'x move cursor to mark x in ASCII section
|
|
`x move cursor to mark x in HEX section
|
|
'' move cursor to previous context in ASCII section
|
|
`` move cursor to previous context in HEX section
|
|
|
|
Line positioning:
|
|
H jump to first line on screen ("top")
|
|
L jump to last line on screen ("low")
|
|
M jump to middle line on screen ("middle")
|
|
- jump onto previous line on screen
|
|
+ jump onto next line on screen
|
|
CR same as +
|
|
DOWN or j next line, same column
|
|
UP or k previous line, same column
|
|
|
|
Character positioning:
|
|
^ first byte in HEX window
|
|
$ end of screen line
|
|
l or RIGHT jump onto next byte (within current
|
|
screen line)
|
|
h or LEFT jump onto previous byte (within current
|
|
screen line)
|
|
^H same as LEFT
|
|
space same as RIGHT
|
|
fx find next occurrence of character x
|
|
Fx find previous occurrence of character x
|
|
n| jump onto nth byte/character within current
|
|
line
|
|
|
|
Strings:
|
|
(works similar to the strings(1) command)
|
|
Note: "Words" are defined as strings of "nonprinting
|
|
characters".
|
|
e jump to next end of word
|
|
w jump to next begin of word
|
|
b jump to previous begin of word
|
|
W forward to next string delimited with a
|
|
\0 or \n
|
|
B back to previous string delimited with a
|
|
nonprinting char
|
|
|
|
Corrections during insert:
|
|
^H erase last character (backspace)
|
|
erase your erase character, same as ^H (backspace)
|
|
ESC ends insertion, back to command mode
|
|
|
|
Append and replace:
|
|
A append at end of file
|
|
rx replace current bte with char 'x'
|
|
R enter replace mode; for all subsequent input,
|
|
the current byte is overwritten with the next
|
|
input character; leave replace mode with ESC.
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous Operations:
|
|
TAB toggle between ASCII and HEX section
|
|
|
|
Yank and Put:
|
|
3ySPACE yank 3 characters
|
|
p insert contents of yank buffer
|
|
o replace text with content of yank buffer
|
|
P put back at end of file
|
|
|
|
Undo, Redo:
|
|
u undo last change
|
|
Note: Only the last change can be undone.
|
|
Therefore this commands toggles between the
|
|
last and second-t-last state of the buffer.
|
|
|
|
Setting Options:
|
|
With the :set command you can set options in bvi
|
|
|
|
Option Default Description
|
|
|
|
autowrite noaw Save current file, if modified, if you
|
|
give a :n, :r or ! command
|
|
columns cm=16 on an 80 character wide terminal
|
|
ignorecase noic Ignores letter case in searching
|
|
magic nomagic Makes . [ * special in patterns
|
|
memmove nomm enables insert and delete commands
|
|
offset of=0 adds an offset to the diplayed addresses
|
|
readonly noro If set, write fails unless you use ! after command
|
|
scroll sc=1/2 window
|
|
Number of lines scrolled by ^U and ^D
|
|
showmode mo Displays statusline on bottom of the screen
|
|
terse noterse Let you obtain shorter error messages
|
|
window window=screensize
|
|
Lines in window, can be reduced at slow terminals
|
|
wordlength wl=4 Length of an ASCII-string found by w, W, b or B
|
|
wrapscan ws Searches wrap around past the end of the file
|
|
unixstyle nous The representation of ascii characters below
|
|
32 is displayed in the statusline as shown
|
|
in ascii(7) if unset rather in DOS-style (^A)
|
|
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
bvi was developed by Gerhard Buergmann, Vienna, Austria
|
|
Gerhard.Buergmann@altavista.net
|
|
|
|
WWW
|
|
Bvi Homepage: http://bvi.linuxave.net/
|
|
Vi Pages: http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/vi/
|
|
(all about Vi and its clones)
|
|
|
|
FILES
|
|
$HOME/.bvirc editor startup file
|
|
./.bvirc editor startup file
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
Bvi does not update the screen when the terminal changes
|
|
its size.
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
vi(1), strings(1), ascii(5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
13/Oct/2000 BVI Version 1.3.0 8
|
|
</xmp>
|