Import C++ Standard Template Library

You can now use the hardest fastest and most dangerous language there is
with Cosmopolitan. So far about 75% of LLVM libcxx has been added. A few
breaking changes needed to be made to help this go smoothly.

- Rename nothrow to dontthrow
- Rename nodiscard to dontdiscard
- Add some libm functions, e.g. lgamma, nan, etc.
- Change intmax_t from int128 to int64 like everything else
- Introduce %jjd formatting directive for int128_t
- Introduce strtoi128(), strtou128(), etc.
- Rename bsrmax() to bsr128()

Some of the templates that should be working currently are std::vector,
std::string, std::map, std::set, std::deque, etc.

third_party/libcxx/limits.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===--------------------------- limits.h ---------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_LIMITS_H
+#define _LIBCPP_LIMITS_H
+
+/*
+    limits.h synopsis
+
+Macros:
+
+    CHAR_BIT
+    SCHAR_MIN
+    SCHAR_MAX
+    UCHAR_MAX
+    CHAR_MIN
+    CHAR_MAX
+    MB_LEN_MAX
+    SHRT_MIN
+    SHRT_MAX
+    USHRT_MAX
+    INT_MIN
+    INT_MAX
+    UINT_MAX
+    LONG_MIN
+    LONG_MAX
+    ULONG_MAX
+    LLONG_MIN   // C99
+    LLONG_MAX   // C99
+    ULLONG_MAX  // C99
+
+*/
+
+#include "third_party/libcxx/__config"
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+#include "libc/limits.h"
+#else
+// GCC header limits.h recursively includes itself through another header called
+// syslimits.h for some reason. This setup breaks down if we directly
+// #include_next GCC's limits.h (reasons not entirely clear to me). Therefore,
+// we manually re-create the necessary include sequence below:
+
+// Get the system limits.h defines (force recurse into the next level)
+#define _GCC_LIMITS_H_
+#define _GCC_NEXT_LIMITS_H
+#include "libc/limits.h"
+
+// Get the ISO C defines
+#undef _GCC_LIMITS_H_
+#include "libc/limits.h"
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_LIMITS_H