diff --git a/ctl/optional.h b/ctl/optional.h
index 26fa97bad..1e03c10dd 100644
--- a/ctl/optional.h
+++ b/ctl/optional.h
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
 #include "new.h"
-#include <__utility/forward.h>
-#include <__utility/move.h>
-#include <__utility/swap.h>
+#include "utility.h"
 
 namespace ctl {
 
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ class optional
 
     optional(T&& value) : present_(true)
     {
-        new (&value_) T(std::move(value));
+        new (&value_) T(ctl::move(value));
     }
 
     optional(const optional& other) : present_(other.present_)
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ class optional
     optional(optional&& other) noexcept : present_(other.present_)
     {
         if (other.present_)
-            new (&value_) T(std::move(other.value_));
+            new (&value_) T(ctl::move(other.value_));
     }
 
     optional& operator=(const optional& other)
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ class optional
         if (this != &other) {
             reset();
             if (other.present_)
-                new (&value_) T(std::move(other.value_));
+                new (&value_) T(ctl::move(other.value_));
             present_ = other.present_;
         }
         return *this;
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ class optional
     {
         if (!present_)
             __builtin_trap();
-        return std::move(value_);
+        return ctl::move(value_);
     }
 
     explicit operator bool() const noexcept
@@ -113,19 +111,19 @@ class optional
     {
         reset();
         present_ = true;
-        new (&value_) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        new (&value_) T(ctl::forward<Args>(args)...);
     }
 
     void swap(optional& other) noexcept
     {
-        using std::swap;
+        using ctl::swap;
         if (present_ && other.present_) {
             swap(value_, other.value_);
         } else if (present_) {
-            other.emplace(std::move(value_));
+            other.emplace(ctl::move(value_));
             reset();
         } else if (other.present_) {
-            emplace(std::move(other.value_));
+            emplace(ctl::move(other.value_));
             other.reset();
         }
     }
diff --git a/ctl/string.h b/ctl/string.h
index 0656418a5..42fc14dc3 100644
--- a/ctl/string.h
+++ b/ctl/string.h
@@ -87,10 +87,7 @@ class string
 
     void swap(string& s) noexcept
     {
-        char tmp[__::string_size];
-        __builtin_memcpy(tmp, blob, __::string_size);
-        __builtin_memcpy(blob, s.blob, __::string_size);
-        __builtin_memcpy(s.blob, tmp, __::string_size);
+        ctl::swap(blob, s.blob);
     }
 
     string(string&& s) noexcept
diff --git a/ctl/string_view.h b/ctl/string_view.h
index 518c955bd..f4807c62c 100644
--- a/ctl/string_view.h
+++ b/ctl/string_view.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRINGVIEW_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRINGVIEW_H_
+#include "utility.h"
 
 namespace ctl {
 
diff --git a/ctl/unique_ptr.h b/ctl/unique_ptr.h
index 179beda12..6217e2de5 100644
--- a/ctl/unique_ptr.h
+++ b/ctl/unique_ptr.h
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 // vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_UNIQUE_PTR_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_UNIQUE_PTR_H_
-#include <__utility/forward.h>
-#include <__utility/move.h>
-#include <__utility/swap.h>
+#include "utility.h"
 
 namespace ctl {
 
@@ -36,11 +34,11 @@ struct unique_ptr
     }
 
     constexpr unique_ptr(pointer p, auto&& d) noexcept
-      : p(p), d(std::forward<decltype(d)>(d))
+      : p(p), d(ctl::forward<decltype(d)>(d))
     {
     }
 
-    constexpr unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) noexcept : p(u.p), d(std::move(u.d))
+    constexpr unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) noexcept : p(u.p), d(ctl::move(u.d))
     {
         u.p = nullptr;
     }
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ struct unique_ptr
 
     inline void swap(unique_ptr& r) noexcept
     {
-        using std::swap;
+        using ctl::swap;
         swap(p, r.p);
         swap(d, r.d);
     }
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ struct unique_ptr
     }
 
     inline element_type& operator*() const
-      noexcept(noexcept(*std::declval<pointer>()))
+      noexcept(noexcept(*ctl::declval<pointer>()))
     {
         if (!p)
             __builtin_trap();
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... Args>
 inline unique_ptr<T>
 make_unique(Args&&... args)
 {
-    return unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    return unique_ptr<T>(new T(ctl::forward<Args>(args)...));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
diff --git a/ctl/utility.cc b/ctl/utility.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4c2a2008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ctl/utility.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "utility.h"
diff --git a/ctl/utility.h b/ctl/utility.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62036ca04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ctl/utility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_UTILITY_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_UTILITY_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+namespace __ {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct no_infer_
+{
+    typedef T type;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+using no_infer = typename no_infer_<T>::type;
+
+} // namespace __
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T&&
+move(T& t) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<T&&>(t);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T&&
+forward(__::no_infer<T>& t) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<T&&>(t);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+// TODO(mrdomino): requires move_constructible<T> && move_assignable<T>
+constexpr void
+swap(T& a, T& b) noexcept
+{
+    T t(ctl::move(a));
+    a = ctl::move(b);
+    b = ctl::move(t);
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+// TODO(mrdomino): requires is_swappable
+constexpr void
+swap(T (&a)[N], T (&b)[N]) noexcept
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+        swap(a[i], b[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+T&&
+declval() noexcept;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_UTILITY_H_
diff --git a/ctl/vector.h b/ctl/vector.h
index 8c9660909..e86e0d503 100644
--- a/ctl/vector.h
+++ b/ctl/vector.h
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
 #include "new.h"
-#include <__utility/forward.h>
-#include <__utility/move.h>
-#include <__utility/swap.h>
+#include "utility.h"
 
 namespace ctl {
 
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ struct vector
             return;
         T* newP = new T[c2];
         for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-            newP[i] = std::move(p[i]);
+            newP[i] = ctl::move(p[i]);
         delete[] p;
         p = newP;
         c = c2;
@@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ struct vector
             c2 += c2 >> 1;
             reserve(c2);
         }
-        new (&p[n]) T(std::forward<T>(e));
+        new (&p[n]) T(ctl::forward<T>(e));
         ++n;
     }
 
@@ -209,7 +207,7 @@ struct vector
             c2 += c2 >> 1;
             reserve(c2);
         }
-        new (&p[n]) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        new (&p[n]) T(ctl::forward<Args>(args)...);
         ++n;
     }
 
@@ -236,9 +234,9 @@ struct vector
 
     void swap(vector& other) noexcept
     {
-        std::swap(n, other.n);
-        std::swap(c, other.c);
-        std::swap(p, other.p);
+        ctl::swap(n, other.n);
+        ctl::swap(c, other.c);
+        ctl::swap(p, other.p);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/libc/integral/cxx.inc b/libc/integral/cxx.inc
index 10609b233..5707beeb3 100644
--- a/libc/integral/cxx.inc
+++ b/libc/integral/cxx.inc
@@ -39,3 +39,5 @@ struct __cxx_choose_expr<false, _T, _U> {
 /* todo jart whyyyy */
 #define _Float16 __fp16
 #endif
+
+using nullptr_t = decltype(nullptr);
diff --git a/test/ctl/optional_test.cc b/test/ctl/optional_test.cc
index 7d6e231e4..a7d3a9b14 100644
--- a/test/ctl/optional_test.cc
+++ b/test/ctl/optional_test.cc
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ main()
 
     {
         ctl::optional<ctl::string> x("world");
-        ctl::optional<ctl::string> y(std::move(x));
+        ctl::optional<ctl::string> y(ctl::move(x));
         if (!y)
             return 9;
         if (!y.has_value())
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ main()
     {
         ctl::optional<ctl::string> x("hello");
         ctl::optional<ctl::string> y;
-        y = std::move(x);
+        y = ctl::move(x);
         if (!y)
             return 16;
         if (!y.has_value())
diff --git a/test/ctl/string_test.cc b/test/ctl/string_test.cc
index e43f673a0..22cc0d6e9 100644
--- a/test/ctl/string_test.cc
+++ b/test/ctl/string_test.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "ctl/string.h"
 
 #include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
-#include <__utility/move.h>
 
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ main()
 
     {
         String s = "hello";
-        String s2 = std::move(s);
+        String s2 = ctl::move(s);
         if (s2 != "hello")
             return 47;
         if (!s.empty())
diff --git a/test/ctl/string_view_test.cc b/test/ctl/string_view_test.cc
index fb43d5898..89da0f3a7 100644
--- a/test/ctl/string_view_test.cc
+++ b/test/ctl/string_view_test.cc
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 #include "ctl/string_view.h"
 
-#include <__utility/move.h>
-
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ main(int argc, char* argv[])
 
     {
         ctl::string_view s = "hello";
-        ctl::string_view s2 = std::move(s);
+        ctl::string_view s2 = ctl::move(s);
         if (s2 != "hello")
             return 16;
         if (s.empty())
diff --git a/test/ctl/unique_ptr_test.cc b/test/ctl/unique_ptr_test.cc
index 4d6699b25..77e4b1573 100644
--- a/test/ctl/unique_ptr_test.cc
+++ b/test/ctl/unique_ptr_test.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "ctl/unique_ptr.h"
 
-#include <type_traits>
+#include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
 
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... Args>
 Ptr<T>
 Mk(Args&&... args)
 {
-    return ctl::make_unique<T, Args...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return ctl::make_unique<T, Args...>(ctl::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ main()
         // shouldn't compile
         x = y;
 #endif
-        x = std::move(y);
+        x = ctl::move(y);
         if (g != 1)
             return 10;
         if (y)
diff --git a/test/ctl/vector_test.cc b/test/ctl/vector_test.cc
index 214eef454..bee9c33b0 100644
--- a/test/ctl/vector_test.cc
+++ b/test/ctl/vector_test.cc
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ main()
         ctl::string yo = "foo";
         ctl::vector<ctl::string> A;
         A.push_back("fun");
-        A.push_back(std::move(yo));
+        A.push_back(ctl::move(yo));
         if (yo != "")
             return 5;
         A.emplace_back("bar");
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ main()
         A.push_back(1);
         A.push_back(2);
         A.push_back(3);
-        ctl::vector<int> B(std::move(A));
+        ctl::vector<int> B(ctl::move(A));
         if (A.size() != 0)
             return 17;
         if (B.size() != 3)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ main()
         A.push_back(2);
         A.push_back(3);
         ctl::vector<int> B;
-        B = std::move(A);
+        B = ctl::move(A);
         if (A.size() != 0)
             return 22;
         if (B.size() != 3)
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ main()
         A.push_back(2);
         A.push_back(3);
         ctl::vector<int> B;
-        B = std::move(A);
+        B = ctl::move(A);
         if (A.size() != 0)
             return 63;
         if (B.size() != 3)