Improve cosmo's conformance to libc-test

This change addresses various open source compatibility issues, so that
we pass 313/411 of the tests in https://github.com/jart/libc-test where
earlier today we were passing about 30/411 of them, due to header toil.
Please note that Glibc only passes 341/411 so 313 today is pretty good!

- Make the conformance of libc/isystem/ headers nearly perfect
- Import more of the remaining math library routines from Musl
- Fix inconsistencies with type signatures of calls like umask
- Write tests for getpriority/setpriority which work great now
- conform to `struct sockaddr *` on remaining socket functions
- Import a bunch of uninteresting stdlib functions e.g. rand48
- Introduce readdir_r, scandir, pthread_kill, sigsetjmp, etc..

Follow the instructions in our `tool/scripts/cosmocc` toolchain to run
these tests yourself. You use `make CC=cosmocc` on the test repository

libc/sock/getsockname.c

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "libc/calls/internal.h"
-#include "libc/intrin/strace.internal.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/intrin/asan.internal.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/strace.internal.h"
 #include "libc/sock/internal.h"
 #include "libc/sock/sock.h"
+#include "libc/sock/struct/sockaddr.h"
 #include "libc/sock/struct/sockaddr.internal.h"
 #include "libc/sock/syscall_fd.internal.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@
  * @return 0 on success or -1 w/ errno
  * @see getpeername()
  */
-int getsockname(int fd, void *out_addr, uint32_t *out_addrsize) {
+int getsockname(int fd, struct sockaddr *out_addr, uint32_t *out_addrsize) {
   int rc;
   if (!out_addrsize || !out_addrsize ||
       (IsAsan() && (!__asan_is_valid(out_addrsize, 4) ||