The ZIP filesystem has a breaking change. You now need to use /zip/ to
open() / opendir() / etc. assets within the ZIP structure of your APE
binary, instead of the previous convention of using zip: or zip! URIs.
This is needed because Python likes to use absolute paths, and having
ZIP paths encoded like URIs simply broke too many things.
Many more system calls have been updated to be able to operate on ZIP
files and file descriptors. In particular fcntl() and ioctl() since
Python would do things like ask if a ZIP file is a terminal and get
confused when the old implementation mistakenly said yes, because the
fastest way to guarantee native file descriptors is to dup(2). This
change also improves the async signal safety of zipos and ensures it
doesn't maintain any open file descriptors beyond that which the user
has opened.
This change makes a lot of progress towards adding magic numbers that
are specific to platforms other than Linux. The philosophy here is that,
if you use an operating system like FreeBSD, then you should be able to
take advantage of FreeBSD exclusive features, even if we don't polyfill
them on other platforms. For example, you can now open() a file with the
O_VERIFY flag. If your program runs on other platforms, then Cosmo will
automatically set O_VERIFY to zero. This lets you safely use it without
the need for #ifdef or ifstatements which detract from readability.
One of the blindspots of the ASAN memory hardening we use to offer Rust
like assurances has always been that memory passed to the kernel via
system calls (e.g. writev) can't be checked automatically since the
kernel wasn't built with MODE=asan. This change makes more progress
ensuring that each system call will verify the soundness of memory
before it's passed to the kernel. The code for doing these checks is
fast, particularly for buffers, where it can verify 64 bytes a cycle.
- Correct O_LOOP definition on NT
- Introduce program_executable_name
- Add ASAN guards to more system calls
- Improve termios compatibility with BSDs
- Fix bug in Windows auxiliary value encoding
- Add BSD and XNU specific errnos and open flags
- Add check to ensure build doesn't talk to internet
This change gets the Python codebase into a state where it conforms to
the conventions of this codebase. It's now possible to include headers
from Python, without worrying about ordering. Python has traditionally
solved that problem by "diamonding" everything in Python.h, but that's
problematic since it means any change to any Python header invalidates
all the build artifacts. Lastly it makes tooling not work. Since it is
hard to explain to Emacs when I press C-c C-h to add an import line it
shouldn't add the header that actually defines the symbol, and instead
do follow the nonstandard Python convention.
Progress has been made on letting Python load source code from the zip
executable structure via the standard C library APIs. System calss now
recognizes zip!FILENAME alternative URIs as equivalent to zip:FILENAME
since Python uses colon as its delimiter.
Some progress has been made on embedding the notice license terms into
the Python object code. This is easier said than done since Python has
an extremely complicated ownership story.
- Some termios APIs have been added
- Implement rewinddir() dirstream API
- GetCpuCount() API added to Cosmopolitan Libc
- More bugs in Cosmopolitan Libc have been fixed
- zipobj.com now has flags for mangling the path
- Fixed bug a priori with sendfile() on certain BSDs
- Polyfill F_DUPFD and F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC across platforms
- FIOCLEX / FIONCLEX now polyfilled for fast O_CLOEXEC changes
- APE now supports a hybrid solution to no-self-modify for builds
- Many BSD-only magnums added, e.g. O_SEARCH, O_SHLOCK, SF_NODISKIO
This change boosts SSL handshake performance from 2,627 to ~10,000 per
second which is the same level of performance as NGINX at establishing
secure connections. That's impressive if we consider that redbean is a
forking frontend application server. This was accomplished by:
1. Enabling either SSL session caching or SSL tickets. We choose to
use tickets since they reduce network round trips too and that's
a more important metric than wrk'ing localhost.
2. Fixing mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs() which is the most frequently called
function. It's called about 12,000 times during an SSL handshake
since it's the basis of most arithmetic operations like addition
and for some strange reason it was designed to make two needless
copies in addition to calling malloc and free. That's now fixed.
3. Improving TLS output buffering during the SSL handshake only, so
that only a single is write and read system call is needed until
blocking on the ping pong.
redbean will now do a better job wiping sensitive memory from a child
process as soon as it's not needed. The nice thing about fork is it's
much faster than reverse proxying so the goal is to use the different
address spaces along with setuid() to minimize the risk that a server
key will be compromised in the event that application code is hacked.
redbean improvements:
- Explicitly disable corking
- Simulate Python regex API for Lua
- Send warmup requests in main process on startup
- Add Class-A granular IPv4 network classification
- Add /statusz page so you can monitor your redbean's health
- Fix regressions on OpenBSD/NetBSD caused by recent changes
- Plug Authorization header into Lua GetUser and GetPass APIs
- Recognize X-Forwarded-{For,Host} from local reverse proxies
- Add many additional functions to redbean Lua server page API
- Report resource usage of child processes on `/` listing page
- Introduce `-a` flag for logging child process resource usage
- Introduce `-t MILLIS` flag and `ProgramTimeout(ms)` init API
- Introduce `-H "Header: value"` flag and `ProgramHeader(k,v)` API
Cosmopolitan Libc improvements:
- Make strerror() simpler
- Make inet_pton() not depend on sscanf()
- Fix OpenExecutable() which broke .data section earlier
- Fix stdio in cases where it overflows kernel tty buffer
- Fix bugs in crash reporting w/o .com.dbg binary present
- Add polyfills for SO_LINGER, SO_RCVTIMEO, and SO_SNDTIMEO
- Polyfill TCP_CORK on BSD and XNU using TCP_NOPUSH magnums
New netcat clone in examples/nc.c:
While testing some of the failure conditions for redbean, I noticed that
BusyBox's `nc` command is pretty busted, if you use it as an interactive
tool, rather than having it be part of a pipeline. Unfortunately this'll
only work on UNIX since Windows doesn't let us poll on stdio and sockets
at the same time because I don't think they want tools like this running
on their platform. So if you want forbidden fruit, it's here so enjoy it
You can now build Cosmopolitan with Clang:
make -j8 MODE=llvm
o/llvm/examples/hello.com
The assembler and linker code is now friendly to LLVM too.
So it's not needed to configure Clang to use binutils under
the hood. If you love LLVM then you can now use pure LLVM.
You can now use cosmopolitan.h with an ANSI C89 compiler like MSVC. The
Cosmopolitan codebase itself won't support being compiled that way. But
you can build objects that link against Cosmopolitan using any compiler
and you can furthermore use tools like IntelliSense that can't even GNU
See also #40
- Support deterministic stacks on OpenBSD
- Support OpenBSD system call origin verification
- Fix overrun by one in chibicc string token allocator
- Get all chibicc tests passing under Address Sanitizer
This change enables Address Sanitizer systemically w/ `make MODE=dbg`.
Our version of Rust's `unsafe` keyword is named `noasan` which is used
for two functions that do aligned memory chunking, like `strcpy.c` and
we need to fix the tiny DEFLATE code, but that's it everything else is
fabulous you can have all the fischer price security blankets you need
Best of all is we're now able to use the ASAN data in Blinkenlights to
colorize the memory dumps. See the screenshot below of a test program:
https://justine.lol/blinkenlights/asan.png
Which is operating on float arrays stored on the stack, with red areas
indicating poisoned memory, and the green areas indicate valid memory.
We always favor calling functions like openat(), fstatat(), etc. because
Linux, XNU, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD all elected to support them, while some
systems like Android love them so much, that they stopped supporting the
old interfaces.
This change ensures that when dirfd is actually a dirfd and not AT_FDCWD
we'll do the right thing on Windows NT. We use an API that's been around
since Vista to accomplish that.
This change also adds exponential backoff to chdir() on Windows since it
seems almost as flaky on Windows 7 as the rmdir() function.
For the first time ever, all tests in this codebase now pass, when
run automatically on macos, freebsd, openbsd, rhel5, rhel7, alpine
and windows via the network using the runit and runitd build tools
- Fix vfork exec path etc.
- Add XNU opendir() support
- Add OpenBSD opendir() support
- Add Linux history to syscalls.sh
- Use copy_file_range on FreeBSD 13+
- Fix system calls with 7+ arguments
- Fix Windows with greater than 16 FDs
- Fix RUNIT.COM and RUNITD.COM flakiness
- Fix OpenBSD munmap() when files are mapped
- Fix long double so it's actually long on Windows
- Fix OpenBSD truncate() and ftruncate() thunk typo
- Let Windows fcntl() be used on socket files descriptors
- Fix Windows fstat() which had an accidental printf statement
- Fix RHEL5 CLOCK_MONOTONIC by not aliasing to CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
This is wonderful. I never could have dreamed it would be possible
to get it working so well on so many platforms with tiny binaries.
Fixes#31Fixes#25Fixes#14
This program popped up on Hacker News recently. It's the only modern
compiler I've ever seen that doesn't have dependencies and is easily
modified. So I added all of the missing GNU extensions I like to use
which means it might be possible soon to build on non-Linux and have
third party not vendor gcc binaries.
A new rollup tool now exists for flattening out the headers in a way
that works better for our purposes than cpp. A lot of the API clutter
has been removed. APIs that aren't a sure thing in terms of general
recommendation are now marked internal.
There's now a smoke test for the amalgamation archive and gigantic
header file. So we can now guarantee you can use this project on the
easiest difficulty setting without the gigantic repository.
A website is being created, which is currently a work in progress:
https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/cosmopolitan/index.html
This change includes many bug fixes, for the NT polyfills, strings,
memory, boot, and math libraries which were discovered by adding more
tools for recreational programming, such as PC emulation. Lemon has also
been vendored because it works so well at parsing languages.
- Emulator can now test the αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε bootloader
- Whipped up a webserver named redbean. It services 150k requests per
second on a single core. Bundling assets inside zip enables extremely
fast serving for two reasons. The first is that zip central directory
lookups go faster than stat() system calls. The second is that both
zip and gzip content-encoding use DEFLATE, therefore, compressed
responses can be served via the sendfile() system call which does an
in-kernel copy directly from the zip executable structure. Also note
that red bean zip executables can be deployed easily to all platforms,
since these native executables work on Linux, Mac, BSD, and Windows.
- Address sanitizer now works very well
I wanted a tiny scriptable meltdown proof way to run userspace programs
and visualize how program execution impacts memory. It helps to explain
how things like Actually Portable Executable works. It can show you how
the GCC generated code is going about manipulating matrices and more. I
didn't feel fully comfortable with Qemu and Bochs because I'm not smart
enough to understand them. I wanted something like gVisor but with much
stronger levels of assurances. I wanted a single binary that'll run, on
all major operating systems with an embedded GPL barrier ZIP filesystem
that is tiny enough to transpile to JavaScript and run in browsers too.
https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/emulator625.mp4
