Our build was flaking due to ETXTBSY errors running multiple redbean
instances in parallel. This is due to the StoreAsset() support which
seems to cause enough problems it's worth making a *breaking change*
turning it off by default for now. There's a new -* flag, to restore
redbean's old self-modifying behavior.
- Fix DescribeSigset()
- Introduce new unix.rmrf() API
- Fix redbean sigaction() doc example code
- Fix unix.sigaction() w/ more than two args
- Improve redbean re module API (non-breaking)
- Enhance Lua with Python string multiplication
- Make third parameter of unix.socket() default to 0
This change fixes a regression from 281a0f27 which resulted in the
integer literal `0` being interpreted as a floating point number. This
should also fix a reported issue with Fennel integration.
The Compress() and Uncompress() APIs were a mistake. The functions
themselves work fine, but it's a design blemish and does superfluous
work. Since they were only introduced in the last few weeks, they're now
deprecated and references to them have been scrubbed from the website
and other documentation. Please use the new APIs since the old APIs will
be removed at some point in the future.
This change introduces automated Lua unit tests for the Redbean APIs.
There's a few functions that were broken which have now been fixed, e.g.
Underlong() and Decimate().
- Fix Makefile flaking due to ZIPOBJ_FLAGS generation
- Make printf() floating point and gdtoa thread safe
- Polish up the runit / runitd programs some more
- Prune some more makefile dependencies
- Fix some minor issues in ar.com
- Have execve() look for `ape` command
- Rewrite NT paths using /c/ rather /??/c:/
- Replace broken GCC symlinks with .sym files
- Rewrite $PATH environment variables on startup
- Make $(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF) the default bootloader
- Add all build command dependencies to build/bootstrap
- Get the repository mostly building from source on non-Linux
- Add FreeBSD-specific mmap() flags
- Reduce size of the APE loader from 8kb to 4kb
- Work towards fixing the Makefile build on WSL
- Automate testing of APE no-modify-self behaviors
- Make the ape.S shell script code cleaner and tinier
- Improve the APE sanity check to test behavior better
- Fixed issue with ShowCrashReports() sigaltstack() on BSDs
- Delete symbols for S_MODE magnums which wasted compile time
If you checked out yesterday's APE commit, please run:
rm -f /usr/bin/ape o/tmp/ape /tmp/ape "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/ape"
Because this change fixes certain aspects of the new ABI. We don't have
automated migrations for APE loader versions yet. Thanks! You can also
download prebuilt binaries here:
- https://justine.lol/ape.elf (Linux/FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD)
- https://justine.lol/ape.macho (Apple)
Install the appropriate one as `/usr/bin/ape`.
- add vdso dump utility
- tests now log stack usage
- rename g_ftrace to __ftrace
- make internal spinlocks go faster
- add conformant c11 atomics library
- function tracing now logs stack usage
- make function call tracing thread safe
- add -X unsecure (no ssl) mode to redbean
- munmap() has more consistent behavior now
- pacify fsync() calls on python unit tests
- make --strace flag work better in redbean
- start minimizing and documenting compiler flags
You now have some ability to truly make an executable yours, by adding a
`.args` file to the root of the zip structure. If this is specified,
then you'll be overriding the default CLI args.
This will be a great feature for folks who want to distribute their own
apps, using the interpreter executable, but have the executable appears
to be just your app rather than being the interpreter.
- Get clone() working on FreeBSD
- Increase some Python build quotas
- Add more atomic builtins to chibicc
- Fix ASAN poisoning of alloca() memory
- Make MODE= mandatory link path tinier
- Improve the examples folder a little bit
- Start working on some more resource limits
- Make the linenoise auto-complete UI as good as GNU readline
- Update compile.com, avoiding AVX codegen on non-AVX systems
- Make sure empty path to syscalls like opendir raises ENOENT
- Correctly polyfill ENOENT vs. ENOTDIR on the New Technology
- Port bestline's paredit features to //third_party/linenoise
- Remove workarounds for RHEL 5.0 bugs that were fixed in 5.1
- Fix bugs in kDos2Errno definition
- malloc() should now be thread safe
- Fix bug in rollup.com header generator
- Fix open(O_APPEND) on the New Technology
- Fix select() on the New Technology and test it
- Work towards refactoring i/o for thread safety
- Socket reads and writes on NT now poll for signals
- Work towards i/o completion ports on the New Technology
- Make read() and write() intermittently check for signals
- Blinkenlights keyboard i/o so much better on NT w/ poll()
- You can now poll() files and sockets at the same time on NT
- Fix bug in appendr() that manifests with dlmalloc footers off
This commit makes numerous refinements to cosmopolitan memory handling.
The default stack size has been reduced from 2mb to 128kb. A new macro
is now provided so you can easily reconfigure the stack size to be any
value you want. Work around the breaking change by adding to your main:
STATIC_STACK_SIZE(0x00200000); // 2mb stack
If you're not sure how much stack you need, then you can use:
STATIC_YOINK("stack_usage_logging");
After which you can `sort -nr o/$MODE/stack.log`. Based on the unit test
suite, nothing in the Cosmopolitan repository (except for Python) needs
a stack size greater than 30kb. There are also new macros for detecting
the size and address of the stack at runtime, e.g. GetStackAddr(). We
also now support sigaltstack() so if you want to see nice looking crash
reports whenever a stack overflow happens, you can put this in main():
ShowCrashReports();
Under `make MODE=dbg` and `make MODE=asan` the unit testing framework
will now automatically print backtraces of memory allocations when
things like memory leaks happen. Bugs are now fixed in ASAN global
variable overrun detection. The memtrack and asan runtimes also handle
edge cases now. The new tools helped to identify a few memory leaks,
which are fixed by this change.
This change should fix an issue reported in #288 with ARG_MAX limits.
Fixing this doubled the performance of MKDEPS.COM and AR.COM yet again.
The ZIP filesystem has a breaking change. You now need to use /zip/ to
open() / opendir() / etc. assets within the ZIP structure of your APE
binary, instead of the previous convention of using zip: or zip! URIs.
This is needed because Python likes to use absolute paths, and having
ZIP paths encoded like URIs simply broke too many things.
Many more system calls have been updated to be able to operate on ZIP
files and file descriptors. In particular fcntl() and ioctl() since
Python would do things like ask if a ZIP file is a terminal and get
confused when the old implementation mistakenly said yes, because the
fastest way to guarantee native file descriptors is to dup(2). This
change also improves the async signal safety of zipos and ensures it
doesn't maintain any open file descriptors beyond that which the user
has opened.
This change makes a lot of progress towards adding magic numbers that
are specific to platforms other than Linux. The philosophy here is that,
if you use an operating system like FreeBSD, then you should be able to
take advantage of FreeBSD exclusive features, even if we don't polyfill
them on other platforms. For example, you can now open() a file with the
O_VERIFY flag. If your program runs on other platforms, then Cosmo will
automatically set O_VERIFY to zero. This lets you safely use it without
the need for #ifdef or ifstatements which detract from readability.
One of the blindspots of the ASAN memory hardening we use to offer Rust
like assurances has always been that memory passed to the kernel via
system calls (e.g. writev) can't be checked automatically since the
kernel wasn't built with MODE=asan. This change makes more progress
ensuring that each system call will verify the soundness of memory
before it's passed to the kernel. The code for doing these checks is
fast, particularly for buffers, where it can verify 64 bytes a cycle.
- Correct O_LOOP definition on NT
- Introduce program_executable_name
- Add ASAN guards to more system calls
- Improve termios compatibility with BSDs
- Fix bug in Windows auxiliary value encoding
- Add BSD and XNU specific errnos and open flags
- Add check to ensure build doesn't talk to internet
This change gets the Python codebase into a state where it conforms to
the conventions of this codebase. It's now possible to include headers
from Python, without worrying about ordering. Python has traditionally
solved that problem by "diamonding" everything in Python.h, but that's
problematic since it means any change to any Python header invalidates
all the build artifacts. Lastly it makes tooling not work. Since it is
hard to explain to Emacs when I press C-c C-h to add an import line it
shouldn't add the header that actually defines the symbol, and instead
do follow the nonstandard Python convention.
Progress has been made on letting Python load source code from the zip
executable structure via the standard C library APIs. System calss now
recognizes zip!FILENAME alternative URIs as equivalent to zip:FILENAME
since Python uses colon as its delimiter.
Some progress has been made on embedding the notice license terms into
the Python object code. This is easier said than done since Python has
an extremely complicated ownership story.
- Some termios APIs have been added
- Implement rewinddir() dirstream API
- GetCpuCount() API added to Cosmopolitan Libc
- More bugs in Cosmopolitan Libc have been fixed
- zipobj.com now has flags for mangling the path
- Fixed bug a priori with sendfile() on certain BSDs
- Polyfill F_DUPFD and F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC across platforms
- FIOCLEX / FIONCLEX now polyfilled for fast O_CLOEXEC changes
- APE now supports a hybrid solution to no-self-modify for builds
- Many BSD-only magnums added, e.g. O_SEARCH, O_SHLOCK, SF_NODISKIO
This change makes SSL virtual hosting possible. You can now load
multiple certificates for multiple domains and redbean will just
figure out which one to use, even if you only have 1 ip address.
You can also use a jumbo certificate that lists all your domains
in the the subject alternative names.
This change also makes performance improvements to MbedTLS. Here
are some benchmarks vs. cc1920749e
BEFORE AFTER (microsecs)
suite_ssl.com 2512881 191738 13.11x faster
suite_pkparse.com 36291 3295 11.01x faster
suite_x509parse.com 854669 120293 7.10x faster
suite_pkwrite.com 6549 1265 5.18x faster
suite_ecdsa.com 53347 18778 2.84x faster
suite_pk.com 49051 18717 2.62x faster
suite_ecdh.com 19535 9502 2.06x faster
suite_shax.com 15848 7965 1.99x faster
suite_rsa.com 353257 184828 1.91x faster
suite_x509write.com 162646 85733 1.90x faster
suite_ecp.com 20503 11050 1.86x faster
suite_hmac_drbg.no_reseed.com 19528 11417 1.71x faster
suite_hmac_drbg.nopr.com 12460 8010 1.56x faster
suite_mpi.com 687124 442661 1.55x faster
suite_hmac_drbg.pr.com 11890 7752 1.53x faster
There aren't any special tricks to the performance imporvements.
It's mostly due to code cleanup, assembly and intel instructions
like mulx, adox, and adcx.
This change boosts SSL handshake performance from 2,627 to ~10,000 per
second which is the same level of performance as NGINX at establishing
secure connections. That's impressive if we consider that redbean is a
forking frontend application server. This was accomplished by:
1. Enabling either SSL session caching or SSL tickets. We choose to
use tickets since they reduce network round trips too and that's
a more important metric than wrk'ing localhost.
2. Fixing mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs() which is the most frequently called
function. It's called about 12,000 times during an SSL handshake
since it's the basis of most arithmetic operations like addition
and for some strange reason it was designed to make two needless
copies in addition to calling malloc and free. That's now fixed.
3. Improving TLS output buffering during the SSL handshake only, so
that only a single is write and read system call is needed until
blocking on the ping pong.
redbean will now do a better job wiping sensitive memory from a child
process as soon as it's not needed. The nice thing about fork is it's
much faster than reverse proxying so the goal is to use the different
address spaces along with setuid() to minimize the risk that a server
key will be compromised in the event that application code is hacked.
Your redbean can now interoperate with clients that require TLS crypto.
This is accomplished using a protocol polyglot that lets us distinguish
between HTTP and HTTPS regardless of the port number. Certificates will
be generated automatically, if none are supplied by the user. Footprint
increases by only a few hundred kb so redbean in MODY=tiny is now 1.0mb
- Add lseek() polyfills for ZIP executable
- Automatically polyfill /tmp/FOO paths on NT
- Fix readdir() / ftw() / nftw() bugs on Windows
- Introduce -B flag for slower SSL that's stronger
- Remove mbedtls features Cosmopolitan doesn't need
- Have base64 decoder support the uri-safe alternative
- Remove Truncated HMAC because it's forbidden by the IETF
- Add all the mbedtls test suites and make them go 3x faster
- Support opendir() / readdir() / closedir() on ZIP executable
- Use Everest for ECDHE-ECDSA because it's so good it's so good
- Add tinier implementation of sha1 since it's not worth the rom
- Add chi-square monte-carlo mean correlation tests for getrandom()
- Source entropy on Windows from the proper interface everyone uses
We're continuing to outperform NGINX and other servers on raw message
throughput. Using SSL means that instead of 1,000,000 qps you can get
around 300,000 qps. However redbean isn't as fast as NGINX yet at SSL
handshakes, since redbean can do 2,627 per second and NGINX does 4.3k
Right now, the SSL UX story works best if you give your redbean a key
signing key since that can be easily generated by openssl using a one
liner then redbean will do all the things that are impossibly hard to
do like signing ecdsa and rsa certificates that'll work in chrome. We
should integrate the let's encrypt acme protocol in the future.
Live Demo: https://redbean.justine.lol/
Root Cert: https://redbean.justine.lol/redbean1.crt
This change gets redbean SQLite working in write mode on Windows.
Warnings have been added to the appropriate and responsible places.
Hacking proprietary PC systems into production-worthy servers isn't
terribly high on the list of priorities. Consider BSD or Linux when
building online systems that service requests from multiple people.
Fixes#193
The most exciting improvement is dynamic pages will soon be able to use
the executable itself as an object store. it required a heroic technique
for overcoming ETXTBSY restrictions which lets us open the executable in
read/write mode, which means (1) wa can restore the APE header, and (2)
we can potentially containerize redbean extension code so that modules
you download for your redbean online will only impact your redbean.
Here's a list of breaking changes to redbean:
- Remove /tool/net/ prefix from magic ZIP paths
- GetHeader() now returns NIL if header is absent
Here's a list of fixes and enhancements to redbean:
- Support 64-bit ZIP archives
- Record User-Agent header in logs
- Add twelve error handlers to accept()
- Display octal st_mode on listing page
- Show ZIP file comments on listing page
- Restore APE MZ header on redbean startup
- Track request count on redbean index page
- Report server uptime on redbean index page
- Don't bind server socket using SO_REUSEPORT
- Fix#151 where Lua LoadAsset() could free twice
- Report rusage accounting when workers exit w/ -vv
- Use ZIP iattr field as text/plain vs. binary hint
- Add ParseUrl() API for parsing things like a.href
- Add ParseParams() API for parsing HTTP POST bodies
- Add IsAcceptablePath() API for checking dots, etc.
- Add IsValidHttpToken() API for validating sane ASCII
- Add IsAcceptableHostPort() for validating HOST[:PORT]
- Send 400 response to HTTP/1.1 requests without a Host
- Send 403 response if ZIP or file isn't other readable
- Add virtual hosting that tries prepending Host to path
- Route requests based on Host in Request-URI if present
- Host routing will attempt to remove or add the www. prefix
- Sign-extend UNIX timestamps and don't adjust FileTime zone
Here's some of the improvements made to Cosmopolitan Libc:
- Fix ape.S indentation
- Improve consts.sh magnums
- Write pretty good URL parser
- Improve rusage accounting apis
- Bring mremap() closer to working
- Added ZIP APIs which will change
- Check for overflow in reallocarray()
- Remove overly fancy linkage in strerror()
- Fix GDB attach on crash w/ OpenBSD msyscall()
- Make sigqueue() portable to most UNIX distros
- Make integer serialization macros more elegant
- Bring back 34x tprecode8to16() performance boost
- Make malloc() more resilient to absurdly large sizes
We can put this back the moment someone requests it. Pain-free garbage
collection for the C language is pretty cool. All it does is overwrite
the return address with a trampoline that calls free(). It's not clear
what it should be named if it's made a public API.
You can now build Cosmopolitan with Clang:
make -j8 MODE=llvm
o/llvm/examples/hello.com
The assembler and linker code is now friendly to LLVM too.
So it's not needed to configure Clang to use binutils under
the hood. If you love LLVM then you can now use pure LLVM.
This change enables Address Sanitizer systemically w/ `make MODE=dbg`.
Our version of Rust's `unsafe` keyword is named `noasan` which is used
for two functions that do aligned memory chunking, like `strcpy.c` and
we need to fix the tiny DEFLATE code, but that's it everything else is
fabulous you can have all the fischer price security blankets you need
Best of all is we're now able to use the ASAN data in Blinkenlights to
colorize the memory dumps. See the screenshot below of a test program:
https://justine.lol/blinkenlights/asan.png
Which is operating on float arrays stored on the stack, with red areas
indicating poisoned memory, and the green areas indicate valid memory.
For the first time ever, all tests in this codebase now pass, when
run automatically on macos, freebsd, openbsd, rhel5, rhel7, alpine
and windows via the network using the runit and runitd build tools
- Fix vfork exec path etc.
- Add XNU opendir() support
- Add OpenBSD opendir() support
- Add Linux history to syscalls.sh
- Use copy_file_range on FreeBSD 13+
- Fix system calls with 7+ arguments
- Fix Windows with greater than 16 FDs
- Fix RUNIT.COM and RUNITD.COM flakiness
- Fix OpenBSD munmap() when files are mapped
- Fix long double so it's actually long on Windows
- Fix OpenBSD truncate() and ftruncate() thunk typo
- Let Windows fcntl() be used on socket files descriptors
- Fix Windows fstat() which had an accidental printf statement
- Fix RHEL5 CLOCK_MONOTONIC by not aliasing to CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
This is wonderful. I never could have dreamed it would be possible
to get it working so well on so many platforms with tiny binaries.
Fixes#31Fixes#25Fixes#14
It turned out that the linker was doing the wrong with the amalgamation
library concerning weak stubs. A regression test has been added and new
binaries have been uploaded to https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/
Ideally this should be fixed by building a tool that turns multiple .a
files into a single .a file with deduplication. As a workaround for now
the cosmopolitan.a build is restructured to not include LIBC_STUBS which
meant technical debt needed to be paid off where non-stub interfaces
were moved to LIBC_INTRIN and LIBC_NEXGEN32E.
Thank @PerfectProductions in #31 for the report!
This program popped up on Hacker News recently. It's the only modern
compiler I've ever seen that doesn't have dependencies and is easily
modified. So I added all of the missing GNU extensions I like to use
which means it might be possible soon to build on non-Linux and have
third party not vendor gcc binaries.
A new rollup tool now exists for flattening out the headers in a way
that works better for our purposes than cpp. A lot of the API clutter
has been removed. APIs that aren't a sure thing in terms of general
recommendation are now marked internal.
There's now a smoke test for the amalgamation archive and gigantic
header file. So we can now guarantee you can use this project on the
easiest difficulty setting without the gigantic repository.
A website is being created, which is currently a work in progress:
https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/cosmopolitan/index.html
This change includes many bug fixes, for the NT polyfills, strings,
memory, boot, and math libraries which were discovered by adding more
tools for recreational programming, such as PC emulation. Lemon has also
been vendored because it works so well at parsing languages.
- Emulator can now test the αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε bootloader
- Whipped up a webserver named redbean. It services 150k requests per
second on a single core. Bundling assets inside zip enables extremely
fast serving for two reasons. The first is that zip central directory
lookups go faster than stat() system calls. The second is that both
zip and gzip content-encoding use DEFLATE, therefore, compressed
responses can be served via the sendfile() system call which does an
in-kernel copy directly from the zip executable structure. Also note
that red bean zip executables can be deployed easily to all platforms,
since these native executables work on Linux, Mac, BSD, and Windows.
- Address sanitizer now works very well
I wanted a tiny scriptable meltdown proof way to run userspace programs
and visualize how program execution impacts memory. It helps to explain
how things like Actually Portable Executable works. It can show you how
the GCC generated code is going about manipulating matrices and more. I
didn't feel fully comfortable with Qemu and Bochs because I'm not smart
enough to understand them. I wanted something like gVisor but with much
stronger levels of assurances. I wanted a single binary that'll run, on
all major operating systems with an embedded GPL barrier ZIP filesystem
that is tiny enough to transpile to JavaScript and run in browsers too.
https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/emulator625.mp4
