This change ports APE Loader to Linux AARCH64, so that Raspberry Pi
users can run programs like redbean, without the executable needing
to modify itself. Progress has also slipped into this change on the
issue of making progress better conforming to user expectations and
industry standards regarding which symbols we're allowed to declare
This change also incorporates more bug fixes and improvements to a wide
variety of small things. For example this fixes#860 so Windows console
doesn't get corrupted after exit. An system stack memory map issue with
aarch64 has been fixed. We no longer use O_NONBLOCK on AF_UNIX sockets.
Crash reports on Arm64 will now demangle C++ symbols, even when c++filt
isn't available. Most importantly the Apple M1 version of APE Loader is
brought up to date by this change. A prebuilt unsigned binary for it is
being included in build/bootstrap/. One more thing: retrieving the term
dimensions under --strace was causing the stack to become corrupted and
now that's been solved too. PSS: We're now including an ELF PT_NOTE for
APE in the binaries we build, that has the APE Loader version.
This version has better error messages and safety checks. It supports
loading static position-independent executables. It correctly handles
more kinds of weird ELF program header layouts. A force flag has been
added to avoid system execve(). Finally the longstanding misalignment
with our ELF PT_NOTE section has been addressed.
- compile.com now polyfills -march=native which gcc/clang removed
- Guarantee zero Windows code is linked into non-Windows binaries
- MODE=tinylinux binaries are now back to being as tiny as ~4kb
- Improve the runtime's stack allocation / alignment hack
- GitHub Actions now tests Linux modes for assurance
This change (1) upgrades to OpenBSD's newer kernel ABIs, and (2)
modifies APE to have a read-only data segment. Doing this required
creating APE Loader v1.1, which is backwards and forwards compatible
with the previous version.
If you've run the following commands in the past to install your APE
Loader systemwide, then you need to run them again. Ad-hoc installations
shouldn't be impacted. It's also recommended that APE binaries be remade
after upgrading, since they embed old versions of the APE Loader.
ape/apeuninstall.sh
ape/apeinstall.sh
This change does more than just fix OpenBSD. The new loader is smarter
and more reliable. We're now able create much tinier ELF and Mach-O data
structures than we could before. Both APE Loader and execvpe() will now
normalize ambiguous argv[0] resolution the same way as the UNIX shell.
Badness with TLS linkage has been solved.
Fixes#826
This change fixes an issue with the tcflow() magic numbers that was
causing bash to freeze up on Linux. While auditing termios polyfills,
several other issues were identified with XNU/BSD compatibility.
Out of an abundance of caution this change undefines as much surface
area from libc/calls/struct/termios.h as possible, so that autoconf
scripts are less likely to detect non-POSIX teletypewriter APIs that
haven't been polyfilled by Cosmopolitan.
This is a *breaking change* for your static archives in /opt/cosmos if
you use the cosmocc toolchain. That's because this change disables the
ioctl() undiamonding trick for code outside the monorepo, specifically
because it'll lead to brittle ABI breakages like this. If you're using
the cosmocc toolchain, you'll need to rebuild libraries like ncurses,
readline, etc. Yes diamonds cause bloat. To work around that, consider
using tcgetwinsize() instead of ioctl(TIOCGWINSZ) since it'll help you
avoid pulling every single ioctl-related polyfill into the linkage.
The cosmocc script was specifying -DNDEBUG for some reason. It's fixed.
This change takes an entirely new approach to the incremental linking of
pkzip executables. The assets created by zipobj.com are now treated like
debug data. After a .com.dbg is compiled, fixupobj.com should be run, so
it can apply fixups to the offsets and move the zip directory to the end
of the file. Since debug data doesn't get objcopy'd, a new tool has been
introduced called zipcopy.com which should be run after objcopy whenever
a .com file is created. This is all automated by the `cosmocc` toolchain
which is rapidly becoming the new recommended approach.
This change also introduces the new C23 checked arithmetic macros.
This change improves the way internal APIs are being hidden behind the
`COSMO` define. The cosmo.h header will take care of defining that, so
that a separate define statement isn't needed. This change also does a
lot more to define which APIs are standard, and which belong to Cosmo.
This change integrates e58abc1110b335a3341e8ad5821ad8e3880d9bb2 from
https://github.com/ahgamut/musl-cross-make/ which fixes the issues we
were having with our C language extension for symbolic constants. This
change also performs some code cleanup and bug fixes to getaddrinfo().
It's now possible to compile projects like ncurses, readline and python
without needing to patch anything upstream, except maybe a line or two.
Pretty soon it should be possible to build a Linux distro on Cosmo.
- Work towards improving non-optimized build support
- Introduce MODE=zero which is -O0 without ASAN/UBSAN
- Use system GCC when ~/.cosmo.mk has USE_SYSTEM_TOOLCHAIN=1
- Have package.com check .privileged code doesn't call non-privileged
This change progresses our AARCH64 support:
- The AARCH64 build and tests are now passing
- Add 128-bit floating-point support to printf()
- Fix clone() so it initializes cosmo's x28 TLS register
- Fix TLS memory layout issue with aarch64 _Alignas vars
- Revamp microbenchmarking tools so they work on aarch64
- Make some subtle improvements to aarch64 crash reporting
- Make kisdangerous() memory checks more accurate on aarch64
- Remove sys_open() since it's not available on Linux AARCH64
This change makes general improvements to Cosmo and Redbean:
- Introduce GetHostIsa() function in Redbean
- You can now feature check using pledge(0, 0)
- You can now feature check using unveil("",0)
- Refactor some more x86-specific asm comments
- Refactor and write docs for some libm functions
- Make the mmap() API behave more similar to Linux
- Fix WIFSIGNALED() which wrongly returned true for zero
- Rename some obscure cosmo keywords from noFOO to dontFOO
There's a new program named ape/ape-m1.c which will be used to build an
embeddable binary that can load ape and elf executables. The support is
mostly working so far, but still chasing down ABI issues.
Your APE binaries will now run on eight hardware architectures. The
tradeoff is this change adds about 800kb of bloat to the executable
which to be fair is still more than half as small as Go hello world
Your APE shell script extracts an embedded build of Blink, based on
`$(uname -m)`. The Blink binaries are statically-linked (manylinux)
which means, they'll run on every distro's stock install, including
Apple M1's that haven't enabled Rosetta. Blink's emulation has been
designed to be nearly as fast as Rosetta, using a JIT technique for
faster startup time. Blink has also been tested more thoroughly, w/
emulating Cosmopolitan software, since we're the ones who wrote it.
* [metal] Copy program pages to extended memory at startup
* [metal] Reclaim base memory pages for later app use
* [metal] Load program pages beyond 1st 440 KiB to extended memory
o//examples/hellolua.com now runs correctly under QEMU (in
legacy BIOS mode).
* [metal] Place GDT in read/write segment
The CPU absolutely needs to alter the GDT when loading the
task register (via ltr). To account for this, I move the
GDT into a read/write data section. There is still a "rump"
read-only GDT in the text section that is used by the real
mode bootloader.
We also delay the loading of the task register (ltr) until
after the IDT and TSS are finally set up.
* [metal] Get examples/vga2.c serial output working for UEFI boot
* [metal] Get examples/vga2.c VGA output working for UEFI boot
* [metal] Allow munmap() to reclaim dynamically allocated pages
* Place TLS sections right after .text, not after embedded zip file
Co-authored-by: tkchia <tkchia-cosmo@gmx.com>
- Improve compatibility with Blink virtual machine
- Add non-POSIX APIs for joining threads and signal masks
- Never ever use anything except 32-bit integers for atomics
- Add some `#undef` statements to workaround `ctags` problems
libc/intrin/interrupts.S should not be linked in unless
an IDT (or TSS) is explicitly requested somewhere (i.e.
it should probably not be a mandatory module).
The metal boot sector code was wrapped in a single-quoted
string, like so:
MZqFpD='
...MZ HEADER...
...E_LFANEW...
...BIOS BOOT SECTOR...'
This might break the shell code loader if the boot sector code
contains a 0x27 (single quote) byte. This patch wraps the
boot sector code in a here-document instead:
MZqFpD='
...MZ HEADER...' <<'@'
...E_LFANEW...
...BIOS BOOT SECTOR...
@
This is harder to break — when interpreted as a shell script,
the code can only accidentally terminate the here-document
if there is a "\n@\n" sequence inside the BIOS boot portion.
This change reduces the .bss memory requirement for all executables by
O(64kb). The brk system calls are now fully tested and figured out and
might be useful for tiny programs that only target System Five.
This allows e.g. `qemu-system-x86_64 -s o/examples/hello.com
-serial stdio` to work without having to add extra padding to
the end of the `hello.com` "disk image".
(The sector count computation is divided among two instructions
in the assembly code. This is done on purpose, to prevent an
ASCII 0x27 (single quote) byte from appearing in the bare
metal loader code, which will break the shell script loader.
There is probably a better way.)
Co-authored-by: tkchia <tkchia-cosmo@gmx.com>
- We now kill the program on violations like OpenBSD
- We now print a message explaining which promise is needed
- This change also fixes a linkage bug with thread local storage
- Your sigaction() handlers should now be more thread safe
A new `__pledge_mode` global has been introduced to make pledge() more
customizable on Linux. For example:
__attribute__((__constructor__)) static void init(void) {
__pledge_mode = SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | EPERM;
}
Can be used to restore our old permissive pledge() behavior.
- Write tests for cthreads
- Fix bugs in pe2.com tool
- Fix ASAN issue with GetDosEnviron()
- Consolidate the cthread header files
- Some code size optimizations for MODE=
- Attempted to squash a tls linker warning
- Attempted to get futexes working on FreeBSD
- Document redbean's argon2 module
- Fix regressions in cthreads library
- Make testlib work better with threads
- Give the cthreads library lots of love
- Remove some of the stdio assembly code
- Implement getloadavg() across platforms
- Code size optimizations for errnos, etc.
- Only check for signals in main thread on Windows
- Make errnos for dup2 / dup3 consistent with posix
This change also fixes a bug in the argon2 module, where the NUL
terminator was being included in the hash encoded ascii string. This
shouldn't require any database migrations to folks who found this module
and productionized it, since the argon2 library treats it as a c string.
- Add FreeBSD-specific mmap() flags
- Reduce size of the APE loader from 8kb to 4kb
- Work towards fixing the Makefile build on WSL
- Automate testing of APE no-modify-self behaviors
- Make the ape.S shell script code cleaner and tinier
- Improve the APE sanity check to test behavior better
- Fixed issue with ShowCrashReports() sigaltstack() on BSDs
- Delete symbols for S_MODE magnums which wasted compile time
If you checked out yesterday's APE commit, please run:
rm -f /usr/bin/ape o/tmp/ape /tmp/ape "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/ape"
Because this change fixes certain aspects of the new ABI. We don't have
automated migrations for APE loader versions yet. Thanks! You can also
download prebuilt binaries here:
- https://justine.lol/ape.elf (Linux/FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD)
- https://justine.lol/ape.macho (Apple)
Install the appropriate one as `/usr/bin/ape`.
The "no modify self" variant of Actually Portable Executable is now
supported on all platforms. If you use `$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)` then
ld.bfd will embed a 4096 byte ELF binary and a 4096 byte Macho file
which are installed on the fly to ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}, which enables us
launch the executable, without needing to copy the whole executable
To prevent it from copying a tiny executable to your temp directory
you need to install the `ape` command (renamed from ape-loader), to
a system path. For example:
# FreeBSD / NetBSD / OpenBSD
make -j8 o//ape/ape
cp o//ape/ape /usr/bin/ape
# Mac OS
# make -j8 o//ape/ape.macho
curl https://justine.lol/ape.macho >/usr/bin/ape
chmod +x /usr/bin/ape
On Linux you can get even more performance with the new binfmt_misc
support which makes launching non-modifying APE binaries as fast as
launching ELF executables. Running the following command:
# Linux
ape/apeinstall.sh
Will copy APE loader to /usr/bin/ape and register with binfmt_misc
Lastly, this change also fixes a really interesting race condition
with OpenBSD thread joining.
- Document more compiler flags
- Expose new __print_maps() api
- Better overflow checking in mmap()
- Improve the shell example somewhat
- Fix minor runtime bugs regarding stacks
- Make kill() on fork()+execve()'d children work
- Support CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID for proper joining
- Fix recent possible deadlock regression with --ftrace
- Document sigaction()
- Simplify New Technology fork() code
- Testing and many bug fixes for mprotect()
- Distribute Intel Xed ILD in the amalgamation
- Turn Xed enums into defines to avoid DWARF bloat
- Improve polyfilling of SA_SIGINFO on BSDs and fix bugs
- setpgid(getpid(), getpid()) on Windows will ignore CTRL-C
- Work around issues relating to NT mappings being executable
- Permit automatic executable stack override via `ape_stack_pf`
Now that we have understandable system call tracing on Windows, this
change rewrites many of the polyfill internals for that platform, to
help things get closer to tip top shape. Support for complex forking
scenarios had been in a regressed state for quite some time. Now, it
works! Subsequent changes should be able to address the performance.
This commit makes numerous refinements to cosmopolitan memory handling.
The default stack size has been reduced from 2mb to 128kb. A new macro
is now provided so you can easily reconfigure the stack size to be any
value you want. Work around the breaking change by adding to your main:
STATIC_STACK_SIZE(0x00200000); // 2mb stack
If you're not sure how much stack you need, then you can use:
STATIC_YOINK("stack_usage_logging");
After which you can `sort -nr o/$MODE/stack.log`. Based on the unit test
suite, nothing in the Cosmopolitan repository (except for Python) needs
a stack size greater than 30kb. There are also new macros for detecting
the size and address of the stack at runtime, e.g. GetStackAddr(). We
also now support sigaltstack() so if you want to see nice looking crash
reports whenever a stack overflow happens, you can put this in main():
ShowCrashReports();
Under `make MODE=dbg` and `make MODE=asan` the unit testing framework
will now automatically print backtraces of memory allocations when
things like memory leaks happen. Bugs are now fixed in ASAN global
variable overrun detection. The memtrack and asan runtimes also handle
edge cases now. The new tools helped to identify a few memory leaks,
which are fixed by this change.
This change should fix an issue reported in #288 with ARG_MAX limits.
Fixing this doubled the performance of MKDEPS.COM and AR.COM yet again.
- Python static hello world now 1.8mb
- Python static fully loaded now 10mb
- Python HTTPS client now uses MbedTLS
- Python REPL now completes import stmts
- Increase stack size for Python for now
- Begin synthesizing posixpath and ntpath
- Restore Python \N{UNICODE NAME} support
- Restore Python NFKD symbol normalization
- Add optimized code path for Intel SHA-NI
- Get more Python unit tests passing faster
- Get Python help() pagination working on NT
- Python hashlib now supports MbedTLS PBKDF2
- Make memcpy/memmove/memcmp/bcmp/etc. faster
- Add Mersenne Twister and Vigna to LIBC_RAND
- Provide privileged __printf() for error code
- Fix zipos opendir() so that it reports ENOTDIR
- Add basic chmod() implementation for Windows NT
- Add Cosmo's best functions to Python cosmo module
- Pin function trace indent depth to that of caller
- Show memory diagram on invalid access in MODE=dbg
- Differentiate stack overflow on crash in MODE=dbg
- Add stb_truetype and tools for analyzing font files
- Upgrade to UNICODE 13 and reduce its binary footprint
- COMPILE.COM now logs resource usage of build commands
- Start implementing basic poll() support on bare metal
- Set getauxval(AT_EXECFN) to GetModuleFileName() on NT
- Add descriptions to strerror() in non-TINY build modes
- Add COUNTBRANCH() macro to help with micro-optimizations
- Make error / backtrace / asan / memory code more unbreakable
- Add fast perfect C implementation of μ-Law and a-Law audio codecs
- Make strtol() functions consistent with other libc implementations
- Improve Linenoise implementation (see also github.com/jart/bestline)
- COMPILE.COM now suppresses stdout/stderr of successful build commands
