- Remove PAGESIZE constant
- Fix realloc() documentation
- Fix ttyname_r() error reporting
- Make forking more reliable on Windows
- Make execvp() a few microseconds faster
- Make system() a few microseconds faster
- Tighten up the socket-related magic numbers
- Loosen restrictions on mmap() offset alignment
- Improve GetProgramExecutableName() with getenv("_")
- Use mkstemp() as basis for mktemp(), tmpfile(), tmpfd()
- Fix flakes in pthread_cancel_test, unix_test, fork_test
- Fix recently introduced futex stack overflow regression
- Let sockets be passed as stdio to subprocesses on Windows
- Improve security of bind() on Windows w/ SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE
This change ports APE Loader to Linux AARCH64, so that Raspberry Pi
users can run programs like redbean, without the executable needing
to modify itself. Progress has also slipped into this change on the
issue of making progress better conforming to user expectations and
industry standards regarding which symbols we're allowed to declare
This change also incorporates more bug fixes and improvements to a wide
variety of small things. For example this fixes#860 so Windows console
doesn't get corrupted after exit. An system stack memory map issue with
aarch64 has been fixed. We no longer use O_NONBLOCK on AF_UNIX sockets.
Crash reports on Arm64 will now demangle C++ symbols, even when c++filt
isn't available. Most importantly the Apple M1 version of APE Loader is
brought up to date by this change. A prebuilt unsigned binary for it is
being included in build/bootstrap/. One more thing: retrieving the term
dimensions under --strace was causing the stack to become corrupted and
now that's been solved too. PSS: We're now including an ELF PT_NOTE for
APE in the binaries we build, that has the APE Loader version.
This version has better error messages and safety checks. It supports
loading static position-independent executables. It correctly handles
more kinds of weird ELF program header layouts. A force flag has been
added to avoid system execve(). Finally the longstanding misalignment
with our ELF PT_NOTE section has been addressed.
- This commit mints a new release of APE Loader v1.2 which supports
loading ELF programs with a non-contiguous virtual address layout
even though we've never been able to take advantage of it, due to
how `objcopy -SO binary` fills any holes left by PT_LOAD. This'll
change soon, since we'll have a new way of creating APE binaries.
- The undiamonding trick with our ioctl() implementation is removed
since POSIX has been killing ioctl() for years and they've done a
much better job. One problem it resolves, is that ioctl(FIONREAD)
wasn't working earlier and that caused issues when building Emacs
This change (1) upgrades to OpenBSD's newer kernel ABIs, and (2)
modifies APE to have a read-only data segment. Doing this required
creating APE Loader v1.1, which is backwards and forwards compatible
with the previous version.
If you've run the following commands in the past to install your APE
Loader systemwide, then you need to run them again. Ad-hoc installations
shouldn't be impacted. It's also recommended that APE binaries be remade
after upgrading, since they embed old versions of the APE Loader.
ape/apeuninstall.sh
ape/apeinstall.sh
This change does more than just fix OpenBSD. The new loader is smarter
and more reliable. We're now able create much tinier ELF and Mach-O data
structures than we could before. Both APE Loader and execvpe() will now
normalize ambiguous argv[0] resolution the same way as the UNIX shell.
Badness with TLS linkage has been solved.
Fixes#826
There's a new program named ape/ape-m1.c which will be used to build an
embeddable binary that can load ape and elf executables. The support is
mostly working so far, but still chasing down ABI issues.
Rosetta doesn't correctly respect the startup registers as defined in LC_UNIXTHREAD
which makes platform detection go awry. But at least Rosetta appears to consistently
set rbx to 0x00000000ffffffff and rdx to 0x0000000000000001 at startup for every
x64 executable I could get my hands on. So we use that to detect Rosetta's presence
and set up the correct registers for XNU.
- Add FreeBSD-specific mmap() flags
- Reduce size of the APE loader from 8kb to 4kb
- Work towards fixing the Makefile build on WSL
- Automate testing of APE no-modify-self behaviors
- Make the ape.S shell script code cleaner and tinier
- Improve the APE sanity check to test behavior better
- Fixed issue with ShowCrashReports() sigaltstack() on BSDs
- Delete symbols for S_MODE magnums which wasted compile time
If you checked out yesterday's APE commit, please run:
rm -f /usr/bin/ape o/tmp/ape /tmp/ape "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/ape"
Because this change fixes certain aspects of the new ABI. We don't have
automated migrations for APE loader versions yet. Thanks! You can also
download prebuilt binaries here:
- https://justine.lol/ape.elf (Linux/FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD)
- https://justine.lol/ape.macho (Apple)
Install the appropriate one as `/usr/bin/ape`.
The "no modify self" variant of Actually Portable Executable is now
supported on all platforms. If you use `$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)` then
ld.bfd will embed a 4096 byte ELF binary and a 4096 byte Macho file
which are installed on the fly to ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}, which enables us
launch the executable, without needing to copy the whole executable
To prevent it from copying a tiny executable to your temp directory
you need to install the `ape` command (renamed from ape-loader), to
a system path. For example:
# FreeBSD / NetBSD / OpenBSD
make -j8 o//ape/ape
cp o//ape/ape /usr/bin/ape
# Mac OS
# make -j8 o//ape/ape.macho
curl https://justine.lol/ape.macho >/usr/bin/ape
chmod +x /usr/bin/ape
On Linux you can get even more performance with the new binfmt_misc
support which makes launching non-modifying APE binaries as fast as
launching ELF executables. Running the following command:
# Linux
ape/apeinstall.sh
Will copy APE loader to /usr/bin/ape and register with binfmt_misc
Lastly, this change also fixes a really interesting race condition
with OpenBSD thread joining.
This commit makes numerous refinements to cosmopolitan memory handling.
The default stack size has been reduced from 2mb to 128kb. A new macro
is now provided so you can easily reconfigure the stack size to be any
value you want. Work around the breaking change by adding to your main:
STATIC_STACK_SIZE(0x00200000); // 2mb stack
If you're not sure how much stack you need, then you can use:
STATIC_YOINK("stack_usage_logging");
After which you can `sort -nr o/$MODE/stack.log`. Based on the unit test
suite, nothing in the Cosmopolitan repository (except for Python) needs
a stack size greater than 30kb. There are also new macros for detecting
the size and address of the stack at runtime, e.g. GetStackAddr(). We
also now support sigaltstack() so if you want to see nice looking crash
reports whenever a stack overflow happens, you can put this in main():
ShowCrashReports();
Under `make MODE=dbg` and `make MODE=asan` the unit testing framework
will now automatically print backtraces of memory allocations when
things like memory leaks happen. Bugs are now fixed in ASAN global
variable overrun detection. The memtrack and asan runtimes also handle
edge cases now. The new tools helped to identify a few memory leaks,
which are fixed by this change.
This change should fix an issue reported in #288 with ARG_MAX limits.
Fixing this doubled the performance of MKDEPS.COM and AR.COM yet again.
- python now mixes audio 10x faster
- python octal notation is restored
- chibicc now builds code 3x faster
- chibicc now has help documentation
- chibicc can now generate basic python bindings
- linenoise now supports some paredit-like features
See #141
The APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF loader payload has been moved out of the examples
folder and improved so that it works on BSD systems, and permits general
elf program headers. This brings its quality up enough that it should be
acceptable to use by default for many programs, e.g. Python, Lua, SQLite
and Python. It's the responsibility of the user to define an appropriate
TMPDIR if /tmp is considered an adversarial environment. Mac OS shall be
supported by APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF soon.
Fixes and improvements have been made to program_executable_name as it's
now the one true way to get the absolute path of the executing image.
This change fixes a memory leak in linenoise history loading, introduced
by performance optimizations in 51904e2687
This change fixes a longstanding regression with Mach system calls, that
23ae9dfceb back in February which impacted
our sched_yield() implementation, which is why no one noticed until now.
The Blinkenlights PC emulator has been improved. We now fix rendering on
XNU and BSD by not making the assumption that the kernel terminal driver
understands UTF8 since that seems to break its internal modeling of \r\n
which is now being addressed by using \e[𝑦H instead. The paneling is now
more compact in real mode so you won't need to make your font as tiny if
you're only emulating an 8086 program. The CLMUL ISA is now emulated too
This change also makes improvement to time. CLOCK_MONOTONIC now does the
right thing on Windows NT. The nanosecond time module functions added in
Python 3.7 have been backported.
This change doubles the performance of Argon2 password stretching simply
by not using its copy_block and xor_block helper functions, as they were
trivial to inline thus resulting in us needing to iterate over each 1024
byte block four fewer times.
This change makes code size improvements. _PyUnicode_ToNumeric() was 64k
in size and now it's 10k. The CJK codec lookup tables now use lazy delta
zigzag deflate (δzd) encoding which reduces their size from 600k to 200k
plus the code bloat caused by macro abuse in _decimal.c is now addressed
so our fully-loaded statically-linked hermetically-sealed Python virtual
interpreter container is now 9.4 megs in the default build mode and 5.5m
in MODE=tiny which leaves plenty of room for chibicc.
The pydoc web server now accommodates the use case of people who work by
SSH'ing into a different machine w/ python.com -m pydoc -p8080 -h0.0.0.0
Finally Python Capsulae delenda est and won't be supported in the future
