- We now serialize the file descriptor table when spawning / executing
processes on Windows. This means you can now inherit more stuff than
just standard i/o. It's needed by bash, which duplicates the console
to file descriptor #255. We also now do a better job serializing the
environment variables, so you're less likely to encounter E2BIG when
using your bash shell. We also no longer coerce environ to uppercase
- execve() on Windows now remotely controls its parent process to make
them spawn a replacement for itself. Then it'll be able to terminate
immediately once the spawn succeeds, without having to linger around
for the lifetime as a shell process for proxying the exit code. When
process worker thread running in the parent sees the child die, it's
given a handle to the new child, to replace it in the process table.
- execve() and posix_spawn() on Windows will now provide CreateProcess
an explicit handle list. This allows us to remove handle locks which
enables better fork/spawn concurrency, with seriously correct thread
safety. Other codebases like Go use the same technique. On the other
hand fork() still favors the conventional WIN32 inheritence approach
which can be a little bit messy, but is *controlled* by guaranteeing
perfectly clean slates at both the spawning and execution boundaries
- sigset_t is now 64 bits. Having it be 128 bits was a mistake because
there's no reason to use that and it's only supported by FreeBSD. By
using the system word size, signal mask manipulation on Windows goes
very fast. Furthermore @asyncsignalsafe funcs have been rewritten on
Windows to take advantage of signal masking, now that it's much more
pleasant to use.
- All the overlapped i/o code on Windows has been rewritten for pretty
good signal and cancelation safety. We're now able to ensure overlap
data structures are cleaned up so long as you don't longjmp() out of
out of a signal handler that interrupted an i/o operation. Latencies
are also improved thanks to the removal of lots of "busy wait" code.
Waits should be optimal for everything except poll(), which shall be
the last and final demon we slay in the win32 i/o horror show.
- getrusage() on Windows is now able to report RUSAGE_CHILDREN as well
as RUSAGE_SELF, thanks to aggregation in the process manager thread.
- Every unit test now passes on Apple Silicon. The final piece of this
puzzle was porting our POSIX threads cancelation support, since that
works differently on ARM64 XNU vs. AMD64. Our semaphore support on
Apple Silicon is also superior now compared to AMD64, thanks to the
grand central dispatch library which lets *NSYNC locks go faster.
- The Cosmopolitan runtime is now more stable, particularly on Windows.
To do this, thread local storage is mandatory at all runtime levels,
and the innermost packages of the C library is no longer being built
using ASAN. TLS is being bootstrapped with a 128-byte TIB during the
process startup phase, and then later on the runtime re-allocates it
either statically or dynamically to support code using _Thread_local.
fork() and execve() now do a better job cooperating with threads. We
can now check how much stack memory is left in the process or thread
when functions like kprintf() / execve() etc. call alloca(), so that
ENOMEM can be raised, reduce a buffer size, or just print a warning.
- POSIX signal emulation is now implemented the same way kernels do it
with pthread_kill() and raise(). Any thread can interrupt any other
thread, regardless of what it's doing. If it's blocked on read/write
then the killer thread will cancel its i/o operation so that EINTR can
be returned in the mark thread immediately. If it's doing a tight CPU
bound operation, then that's also interrupted by the signal delivery.
Signal delivery works now by suspending a thread and pushing context
data structures onto its stack, and redirecting its execution to a
trampoline function, which calls SetThreadContext(GetCurrentThread())
when it's done.
- We're now doing a better job managing locks and handles. On NetBSD we
now close semaphore file descriptors in forked children. Semaphores on
Windows can now be canceled immediately, which means mutexes/condition
variables will now go faster. Apple Silicon semaphores can be canceled
too. We're now using Apple's pthread_yield() funciton. Apple _nocancel
syscalls are now used on XNU when appropriate to ensure pthread_cancel
requests aren't lost. The MbedTLS library has been updated to support
POSIX thread cancelations. See tool/build/runitd.c for an example of
how it can be used for production multi-threaded tls servers. Handles
on Windows now leak less often across processes. All i/o operations on
Windows are now overlapped, which means file pointers can no longer be
inherited across dup() and fork() for the time being.
- We now spawn a thread on Windows to deliver SIGCHLD and wakeup wait4()
which means, for example, that posix_spawn() now goes 3x faster. POSIX
spawn is also now more correct. Like Musl, it's now able to report the
failure code of execve() via a pipe although our approach favors using
shared memory to do that on systems that have a true vfork() function.
- We now spawn a thread to deliver SIGALRM to threads when setitimer()
is used. This enables the most precise wakeups the OS makes possible.
- The Cosmopolitan runtime now uses less memory. On NetBSD for example,
it turned out the kernel would actually commit the PT_GNU_STACK size
which caused RSS to be 6mb for every process. Now it's down to ~4kb.
On Apple Silicon, we reduce the mandatory upstream thread size to the
smallest possible size to reduce the memory overhead of Cosmo threads.
The examples directory has a program called greenbean which can spawn
a web server on Linux with 10,000 worker threads and have the memory
usage of the process be ~77mb. The 1024 byte overhead of POSIX-style
thread-local storage is now optional; it won't be allocated until the
pthread_setspecific/getspecific functions are called. On Windows, the
threads that get spawned which are internal to the libc implementation
use reserve rather than commit memory, which shaves a few hundred kb.
- sigaltstack() is now supported on Windows, however it's currently not
able to be used to handle stack overflows, since crash signals are
still generated by WIN32. However the crash handler will still switch
to the alt stack, which is helpful in environments with tiny threads.
- Test binaries are now smaller. Many of the mandatory dependencies of
the test runner have been removed. This ensures many programs can do a
better job only linking the the thing they're testing. This caused the
test binaries for LIBC_FMT for example, to decrease from 200kb to 50kb
- long double is no longer used in the implementation details of libc,
except in the APIs that define it. The old code that used long double
for time (instead of struct timespec) has now been thoroughly removed.
- ShowCrashReports() is now much tinier in MODE=tiny. Instead of doing
backtraces itself, it'll just print a command you can run on the shell
using our new `cosmoaddr2line` program to view the backtrace.
- Crash report signal handling now works in a much better way. Instead
of terminating the process, it now relies on SA_RESETHAND so that the
default SIG_IGN behavior can terminate the process if necessary.
- Our pledge() functionality has now been fully ported to AARCH64 Linux.
The new asynchronous signal delivery technique is now also being used
for tkill(), raise(), etc. Many subtle issues have been addresesd. We
now signal handling on Windows that's remarkably similar to the POSIX
behaviors. However that's just across threads. We're lacking a way to
have the signal semantics work well, across multiple WIN32 processes.
This change ports APE Loader to Linux AARCH64, so that Raspberry Pi
users can run programs like redbean, without the executable needing
to modify itself. Progress has also slipped into this change on the
issue of making progress better conforming to user expectations and
industry standards regarding which symbols we're allowed to declare
There's a new program named ape/ape-m1.c which will be used to build an
embeddable binary that can load ape and elf executables. The support is
mostly working so far, but still chasing down ABI issues.
- Utilities like pledge.com now build
- kprintf() will no longer balk at 48-bit addresses
- There's a new aarch64-dbg build mode that should work
- gc() and defer() are mostly pacified; avoid using them on aarch64
- THIRD_PART_STB now has Arm Neon intrinsics for fast image handling
- Clean up sigaction() code
- Add a port scanner example
- Introduce a ParseCidr() API
- Clean up our futex abstraction code
- Fix a harmless integer overflow in ParseIp()
- Use kernel semaphores on NetBSD to make threads much faster
This change makes some miracle modifications to the System Five system
call support, which lets us have safe, correct, and atomic handling of
thread cancellations. It all turned out to be cheaper than anticipated
because it wasn't necessary to modify the system call veneers. We were
able to encode the cancellability of each system call into the magnums
found in libc/sysv/syscalls.sh. Since cancellations are so waq, we are
also supporting a lovely Musl Libc mask feature for raising ECANCELED.
All tests pass now under WSL2. They should pass under WSL1 too, but only
WSL2 is integrated into the test fleet right now. This change also fills
in some gaps in the error numbers.
Fixes#665
- Invent iso8601us() for faster timestamps
- Improve --strace descriptions of sigset_t
- Rebuild the Landlock Make bootstrap binary
- Introduce MODE=sysv for non-Windows builds
- Permit OFD fcntl() locks under pledge(flock)
- redbean can now protect your kernel from ddos
- Have vfork() fallback to sys_fork() not fork()
- Change kmalloc() to not die when out of memory
- Improve documentation for some termios functions
- Rewrite putenv() and friends to conform to POSIX
- Fix linenoise + strace verbosity issue on Windows
- Fix regressions in our ability to show backtraces
- Change redbean SetHeader() to no-op if value is nil
- Improve fcntl() so SQLite locks work in non-WAL mode
- Remove some unnecessary work during fork() on Windows
- Create redbean-based SSL reverse proxy for IPv4 TurfWar
- Fix ape/apeinstall.sh warning when using non-bash shells
- Add ProgramTrustedIp(), and IsTrustedIp() APIs to redbean
- Support $PWD, $UID, $GID, and $EUID in command interpreter
- Introduce experimental JTqFpD APE prefix for non-Windows builds
- Invent blackhole daemon for firewalling IP addresses via UNIX named socket
- Add ProgramTokenBucket(), AcquireToken(), and CountTokens() APIs to redbean
- 10.5% reduction of o//depend dependency graph
- 8.8% reduction in latency of make command
- Fix issue with temporary file cleanup
There's a new -w option in compile.com that turns off the recent
Landlock output path workaround for "good commands" which do not
unlink() the output file like GNU tooling does.
Our new GNU Make unveil sandboxing appears to have zero overhead
in the grand scheme of things. Full builds are pretty fast since
the only thing that's actually slowed us down is probably libcxx
make -j16 MODE=rel
RL: took 85,732,063µs wall time
RL: ballooned to 323,612kb in size
RL: needed 828,560,521µs cpu (11% kernel)
RL: caused 39,080,670 page faults (99% memcpy)
RL: 350,073 context switches (72% consensual)
RL: performed 0 reads and 11,494,960 write i/o operations
pledge() and unveil() no longer consider ENOSYS to be an error.
These functions have also been added to Python's cosmo module.
This change also removes some WIN32 APIs and System Five magnums
which we're not using and it's doubtful anyone else would be too
- Document more compiler flags
- Expose new __print_maps() api
- Better overflow checking in mmap()
- Improve the shell example somewhat
- Fix minor runtime bugs regarding stacks
- Make kill() on fork()+execve()'d children work
- Support CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID for proper joining
- Fix recent possible deadlock regression with --ftrace
- Expand redbean UNIX module
- Expand redbean documentation
- Ensure Lua copyright is embedded in binary
- Increase the PATH_MAX limit especially on NT
- Use column major sorting for linenoise completions
- Fix some suboptimalities in redbean's new UNIX API
- Figured out right flags for Multics newline in raw mode
- Document sigaction()
- Simplify New Technology fork() code
- Testing and many bug fixes for mprotect()
- Distribute Intel Xed ILD in the amalgamation
- Turn Xed enums into defines to avoid DWARF bloat
- Improve polyfilling of SA_SIGINFO on BSDs and fix bugs
- setpgid(getpid(), getpid()) on Windows will ignore CTRL-C
- Work around issues relating to NT mappings being executable
- Permit automatic executable stack override via `ape_stack_pf`
- Introduce fast spinlock API
- Double rand64() perf w/ spinlock
- Improve raise() on New Technology
- Support gettid() across platforms
- Implement SA_NODEFER on New Technology
- Move the lock intrinsics into LIBC_INTRIN
- Make SIGTRAP recoverable on New Technology
- Block SIGCHLD in wait4() on New Technology
- Add threading prototypes for XNU and FreeBSD
- Rewrite abort() fixing its minor bugs on XNU/NT
- Shave down a lot of the content in libc/bits/bits.h
- Let signal handlers modify CPU registers on New Technology
- Polyfill ucontext_t on FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD
- Add tests confirming signals can edit CPU state
- Work towards supporting ZIP filesystem on bare metal
- Add more tinymath unit tests for POSIX conformance
- Add X87 and SSE status flags to crash report
- Fix some bugs in blinkenlights
- Fix llvm build breakage
You can now build Cosmopolitan with Clang:
make -j8 MODE=llvm
o/llvm/examples/hello.com
The assembler and linker code is now friendly to LLVM too.
So it's not needed to configure Clang to use binutils under
the hood. If you love LLVM then you can now use pure LLVM.
