.clang-format

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ AlignConsecutiveMacros: true
 AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
 AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
 KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
 ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
 IncludeBlocks: Merge

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# Run this command to always ignore formatting commits in git blame
-# git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
-
-# Upgraded clang-format to 19.0.0git
-89fc95fefd40413706ff1bdaac2e8d98b328dbf1
-# vim c++ filetype in modelines
-04c6bc478e082263d67c41bedbd033dde2d429eb
-# Ran clang-format
-f032b5570b4cd87c6bb4abb54c0b98e69c939955
-# Applied clang-format update to repo
-6e6fc38935054db0534d5af4fb99c6193305b946
-# revert retabbing
-2b315626f3af765cdfbc61114647412cdb798b3a
-# more modeline errata
-3a8e01a77a7c97af0b16fb1651b230cee7f7d4c6
-# fix more vi modelines
-2fc507c98f53a76718f61f9a36602f86b5ac0cc9
-# flip et/noet in modelines
-e16a7d8f3b8f906c3ef76e79f57f3adfc7f25186
-# fix vi modelines
-394d998315f613a888cc6b6c051d4163bdf5cd6f
-# clang-format
-c0eacf2eb1e1c0b3bd4f71f12fef258f5b249c3f
-# ape-m1 formatting cleanup
-da8baf2aa5ce93b958aca90a0ae69f537806324b
-# Run clang-format on most sources
-369f9740de4534c28d0e81ab2afc99decbb9a3e6
-# Get rid of .internal.h convention in LIBC_INTRIN
-86d884cce24d773e298a2714c1e3d91ecab9be45
-# Remove .internal from more header filenames
-31194165d2afca36c2315a6e7ca2f0797dde09e3

.gitattributes

@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
 # -*- conf -*-
 *.gz                         binary
-*.so                         binary
+/build/bootstrap/*.com       binary
-*.dll                        binary
-*.dylib                      binary
-/build/bootstrap/*           binary
-/usr/share/terminfo/*        binary
-/usr/share/terminfo/*/*      binary
 /usr/share/zoneinfo/*        binary
-/usr/share/zoneinfo/*/*      binary

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/01-bug-low.yml

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-name: Low Severity Bugs
-description: Used to report low severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. cosmetic issues, non critical UI glitches)
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: ["bug", "low severity"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
-        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
-        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
-        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
-        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
-        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
-  - type: input
-    id: contact
-    attributes:
-      label: Contact Details
-      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
-      placeholder: ex. email@example.com
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: what-happened
-    attributes:
-      label: What happened?
-      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
-      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
-      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: operating-system
-    attributes:
-      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Mac
-        - Windows
-        - FreeBSD
-        - OpenBSD
-        - NetBSD
-        - BIOS
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant log output
-      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
-      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/02-bug-medium.yml

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-name: Medium Severity Bug
-description: Used to report medium severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. Malfunctioning Features but generally still useable)
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: ["bug", "medium severity"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
-        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
-        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
-        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
-        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
-        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
-  - type: input
-    id: contact
-    attributes:
-      label: Contact Details
-      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
-      placeholder: ex. email@example.com
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: what-happened
-    attributes:
-      label: What happened?
-      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
-      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
-      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: operating-system
-    attributes:
-      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Mac
-        - Windows
-        - FreeBSD
-        - OpenBSD
-        - NetBSD
-        - BIOS
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant log output
-      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
-      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/03-bug-high.yml

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-name: High Severity Bug
-description: Used to report high severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. Malfunctioning features hindering important common workflow)
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: ["bug", "high severity"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
-        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
-        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
-        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
-        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
-        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
-  - type: input
-    id: contact
-    attributes:
-      label: Contact Details
-      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
-      placeholder: ex. email@example.com
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: what-happened
-    attributes:
-      label: What happened?
-      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
-      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
-      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: operating-system
-    attributes:
-      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Mac
-        - Windows
-        - FreeBSD
-        - OpenBSD
-        - NetBSD
-        - BIOS
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant log output
-      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
-      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/04-bug-critical.yml

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-name: Critical Severity Bug
-description: Used to report critical severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. Crashing, Corrupted, Dataloss)
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: ["bug", "critical severity"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
-        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
-        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
-        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
-        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
-        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
-  - type: input
-    id: contact
-    attributes:
-      label: Contact Details
-      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
-      placeholder: ex. email@example.com
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: what-happened
-    attributes:
-      label: What happened?
-      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
-      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
-      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: operating-system
-    attributes:
-      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Mac
-        - Windows
-        - FreeBSD
-        - OpenBSD
-        - NetBSD
-        - BIOS
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant log output
-      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
-      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/05-enhancement.yml

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-name: Enhancement template
-description: Used to request enhancements for cosmopolitan
-title: "Feature Request: "
-labels: ["enhancement"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        [Please post your idea first in Discussion if there is not yet a consensus for this enhancement request. This will help to keep this issue tracker focused on enhancements that the community has agreed needs to be implemented.](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions/categories/ideas)
-
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: prerequisites
-    attributes:
-      label: Prerequisites
-      description: Please confirm the following before submitting your enhancement request.
-      options:
-        - label: I am running the latest code. Mention the version if possible as well.
-          required: true
-        - label: I carefully followed the [README.md](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/blob/master/README.md).
-          required: true
-        - label: I searched using keywords relevant to my issue to make sure that I am creating a new issue that is not already open (or closed).
-          required: true
-        - label: I reviewed the [Discussions](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions), and have a new and useful enhancement to share.
-          required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: feature-description
-    attributes:
-      label: Feature Description
-      description: Please provide a detailed written description of what you were trying to do, and what you expected `cosmopolitan` to do as an enhancement.
-      placeholder: Detailed description of the enhancement
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: motivation
-    attributes:
-      label: Motivation
-      description: Please provide a detailed written description of reasons why this feature is necessary and how it is useful to `cosmopolitan` users.
-      placeholder: Explanation of why this feature is needed and its benefits
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: possible-implementation
-    attributes:
-      label: Possible Implementation
-      description: If you have an idea as to how it can be implemented, please write a detailed description. Feel free to give links to external sources or share visuals that might be helpful to understand the details better.
-      placeholder: Detailed description of potential implementation
-    validations:
-      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/06-research.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-name: Research
-description: Track new technical research area
-title: "Research: "
-labels: ["research"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Don't forget to check for any [duplicate research issue tickets](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22research+%F0%9F%94%AC%22)
-
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: research-stage
-    attributes:
-      label: Research Stage
-      description: Track general state of this research ticket
-      options:
-        - label: Background Research (Let's try to avoid reinventing the wheel)
-        - label: Hypothesis Formed (How do you think this will work and it's effect?)
-        - label: Strategy / Implementation Forming
-        - label: Analysis of results
-        - label: Debrief / Documentation (So people in the future can learn from us)
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: background
-    attributes:
-      label: Previous existing literature and research
-      description: Whats the current state of the art and whats the motivation for this research?
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: hypothesis
-    attributes:
-      label: Hypothesis
-      description: How do you think this will work and it's effect?
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: implementation
-    attributes:
-      label: Implementation
-      description: Got an approach? e.g. a PR ready to go?
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: analysis
-    attributes:
-      label: Analysis
-      description: How does the proposed implementation behave?
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Relevant log output
-      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
-      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/07-refactor.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Refactor (Maintainers)
-description: Used to track refactoring opportunities
-title: "Refactor: "
-labels: ["refactor"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Don't forget to [check for existing refactor issue tickets](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Arefactoring) in case it's already covered.
-        Also you may want to check [Pull request refactor label as well](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3Arefactoring) for duplicates too.
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: background-description
-    attributes:
-      label: Background Description
-      description: Please provide a detailed written description of the pain points you are trying to solve.
-      placeholder: Detailed description behind your motivation to request refactor
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: possible-approaches
-    attributes:
-      label: Possible Refactor Approaches
-      description: If you have some idea of possible approaches to solve this problem. You may want to make it a todo list.
-      placeholder: Your idea of possible refactoring opportunity/approaches
-    validations:
-      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: FAQ
-    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/wiki/FAQ
-    about: Is your question a common one? You may want to check here first.
-  - name: Got an idea?
-    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions/categories/ideas
-    about: Pop it there. It may then become an enhancement ticket.
-  - name: Got a question?
-    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions/categories/q-a
-    about: Ask a question there!
-  - name: Want to contribute?
-    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/wiki/contribute
-    about: Head to the contribution guide page of the wiki for areas you can help with
-

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# https://github.com/actions/labeler
-
-documentation:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - README.md
-            - LICENSE
-            - CONTRIBUTING.md
-            - libc/README.md
-            - tool/cosmocc/README.md
-            - third_party/getopt/README.txt
-build:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - build/**
-            - Makefile
-            - '*/*.mk'
-examples:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file: examples/**
-devops:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - .github/**
-            - .clang-format
-dsp:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - dsp/**
-ape:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - ape/**
-libc:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - libc/**
-net:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - net/**
-third_party:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - third_party/**
-tool:
-    - changed-files:
-        - any-glob-to-any-file:
-            - tool/**

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 name: build
 
-env:
-  COSMOCC_VERSION: 3.9.2
-
 on:
   push:
     branches:
@@ -22,48 +19,13 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         mode: ["", tiny, rel, tinylinux, optlinux]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          # Full checkout needed for git-restore-mtime-bare.
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      # TODO(jart): fork this action.
-      - uses: chetan/git-restore-mtime-action@v2
-
-      - uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
-        id: cache
-        with:
-          path: |
-            .cosmocc
-            o
-          key: ${{ env.COSMOCC_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.mode }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ env.COSMOCC_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.mode }}-
-            ${{ env.COSMOCC_VERSION }}-
-
-      - name: Restore mtimes
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: |
-          while read mtime file; do
-            [ -f "$file" ] && touch -d "@$mtime" "$file"
-          done < o/.mtimes
 
       - name: support ape bins 1
-        run: sudo cp -a build/bootstrap/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape
+        run: sudo cp build/bootstrap/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape
 
       - name: support ape bins 2
         run: sudo sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"
 
       - name: make matrix
         run: V=0 make -j2 MODE=${{ matrix.mode }}
-
-      - name: Save mtimes
-        run: |
-          find o -type f -exec stat -c "%Y %n" {} \; > o/.mtimes
-
-      - uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            .cosmocc
-            o
-          key: ${{ env.COSMOCC_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.mode }}-${{ github.sha }}

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-name: "Pull Request Labeler"
-on:
-- pull_request_target
-
-jobs:
-  labeler:
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      pull-requests: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        repository: "jart/cosmopolitan"
-    - uses: actions/labeler@v5
-      with:
-        configuration-path: '.github/labeler.yml'

.github/workflows/nightly-cosmocc.yml

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-name: Nightly cosmocc
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # https://crontab.guru/#37_4_*_*_*
-    - cron: "37 4 * * *"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  build-cosmocc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - run: |
-          sudo cp build/bootstrap/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape
-          sudo sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"
-      - run: tool/cosmocc/package.sh
-      # https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/issues/590
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.5
-        with:
-          name: cosmocc
-          path: cosmocc
-          compression-level: 9

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # -*- conf -*-
 
 /o
-/cosmocc
+/.prompt.jtlp
-/.cosmocc
 
 # TODO: Find some way to have Python write to o/
 __pycache__
@@ -15,4 +14,3 @@ __pycache__
 /tool/emacs/*.elc
 /perf.data
 /perf.data.old
-/qemu*core

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+{
+	"configurations": [
+		{
+			"name": "Win32",
+			"includePath": [
+				"${workspaceFolder}"
+			],
+			"cStandard": "c11",
+			"cppStandard": "c++11",
+			"forcedInclude": ["${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/vscode.h"],
+			"defines": [
+				"libcesque=",
+				"pureconst=",
+				"paramsnonnull(x)=",
+				"alignas(x)",
+				"alignof(x)",
+				"artificial=",
+				"__wur=",
+				"mayalias=",
+				"forceinline=",
+				"forcealign(x)=",
+				"scanfesque(x)=",
+				"strftimeesque(x)=",
+				"wontreturn=",
+				"textreal=",
+				"mallocesque=",
+				"callocesque=",
+				"vallocesque=",
+				"reallocesque=",
+				"strlenesque=",
+				"memcpyesque=",
+				"hasatleast=",
+				"noinline=",
+				"textexit=",
+				"returnstwice=",
+				"textwindows=",
+				"privileged=",
+				"dontinstrument=",
+				"nodebuginfo=",
+				"interruptfn=",
+				"optimizespeed=",
+				"forcealignargpointer=",
+				"dontasan=",
+				"dontubsan=",
+				"donothing=",
+				"nosideeffect=",
+				"unreachable=",,
+				"notpossible=",
+				"thatispacked=",
+				"dontthrow=",
+				"nocallback=",
+				"relegated=",
+				"hidden=",
+				"textstartup=",
+				"initarray=",
+				"returnsnonnull=",
+				"returnspointerwithnoaliases=",
+				"printfesque(x)=",
+				"attributeallocsize(x)=",
+				"returnsaligned(x)=",
+				"attributeallocalign(x)=",
+				"nullterminated(x)="
+			]
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "Linux",
+			"includePath": [
+				"${workspaceFolder}"
+			],
+			"cStandard": "gnu17",
+			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
+			"compilerArgs": [
+				"-Wall",
+				"-Werror",
+				"-fdebug-prefix-map=${workspaceFolder}=",
+				"-frecord-gcc-switches",
+				"-Wa,-W",
+				"-Wa,-I.",
+				"-Wa,--noexecstack",
+				"-Og",
+				"-g",
+				"-gdescribe-dies",
+				"-msse3",
+				"-mno-red-zone",
+				"-fno-math-errno",
+				"-fno-trapping-math",
+				"-fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact",
+				"-fno-ident",
+				"-fno-common",
+				"-fno-gnu-unique",
+				"-fstrict-aliasing",
+				"-fstrict-overflow",
+				"-fno-semantic-interposition",
+				"-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer",
+				"-fno-jump-tables",
+				"-nostdinc",
+				"-iquote."
+			],
+			"forcedInclude": [
+				"libc/integral/normalize.inc"
+			],
+			"defines": [
+				"COSMO",
+				"MODE="
+			]
+		}
+	],
+	"version": 4
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": ".cosmocc/3.9.2/bin/aarch64-linux-cosmo-c++",
-    "C_Cpp.default.compilerArgs": [
-        "-nostdinc",
-        "-nostdlib",
-        "-iquote.",
-        "-isystemlibc/isystem",
-        "-isystemthird_party/libcxx",
-        "-includelibc/integral/normalize.inc",
-        "-D_COSMO_SOURCE",
-        "-D__aarch64__"
-    ],
-    "[c]": {
-        "editor.tabSize": 2,
-        "editor.insertSpaces": true
-    },
-    "[cpp]": {
-        "editor.tabSize": 2,
-        "editor.insertSpaces": true
-    },
-    "[makefile]": {
-        "editor.tabSize": 8,
-        "editor.insertSpaces": false
-    },
-    "[make]": {
-        "editor.tabSize": 8,
-        "editor.insertSpaces": false
-    },
-    "[assembly]": {
-        "editor.tabSize": 8,
-        "editor.insertSpaces": true
-    },
-    "files.associations": {
-        "log.h": "c"
-    }
-}

.vscode/vscode.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
+#include "libc/integral/normalize.inc"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,77 +2,23 @@
 
 We'd love to accept your patches! Please read this guide first.
 
-## Identity Disclosure
-
-This project does not accept anonymous contributions. Justine Tunney
-won't merge pull requests from strangers. In order to change the Cosmo
-codebase, and have your changes be upstreamed, she has to know who you
-are. You're encouraged to disclose your full name and email address to
-the public too, by including them in your git commit messages; however
-that's not a requirement; as we're happy to respect the wishes of
-contributors who prefer to remain anonymous to the public.
-
 ## Copyright Assignment
 
-The first time you send a pull request, you need to send an email to
+Please send an email to Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> stating that
-Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> stating that you intend to assign her
+you intend to assign her the copyright to the changes you contribute to
-the copyright to the changes you contribute to Cosmopolitan. It only
+Cosmopolitan. Please use the same email address you use for git commits
-needs to happen once. This only applies to the code you *choose* to
+which should only contain original source code from you or other people
-contribute. The email should be sent from an email address associated
+who are also assigning copyright. Please note that, if you're employed,
-with your identity. Your email should link to your pull request.
+you may need to get your employer's approval beforehand. If you can not
+assign copyright due to local laws, then you may alternatively consider
+disclaiming it using the language in [Unlicense](https://unlicense.org)
+or [CC-0](http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0)
 
-To make things easy, here's an example of a good email you can use:
+This is important because we can't produce 12kb single-file executables
-
+that comply with license requirements if we have to embed lots of them.
-> **From**: YOUR NAME (yname@gmail.com)  
+Although that's less of an issue depending on the purpose of the files.
-> **To**: Justine Tunney (jtunney@gmail.com)  
+For example, ownership is much less of a concern in the unit test files
-> **Subject**: Cosmopolitan Copyright Assignment for YOUR NAME
+so you're encouraged to put your copyright on those, provided it's ISC.
->
-> Hi Justine,
->
-> I made my first contribution to Cosmopolitan in
-> https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/pull/XXXX could you please take a
-> look? I intend to assign you the copyright to the changes I contribute
-> to Cosmopolitan.
->
-> Thanks!
-
-Please note that in order to give Justine the copyright, it has to be
-yours to give in the first place. If you're employed, then you should
-get your employer's approval to do this beforehand. Even with big
-companies like Google, this process is quick and painless. Usually we
-see employers granting authorization in less than one day.
-
-If you live in a country that doesn't recognize one's ability to assign
-copyright, then you may alternatively consider disclaiming it using the
-language in [Unlicense](https://unlicense.org) or
-[CC-0](http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0).
-
-If you're checking-in third party code, then you need to have headers at
-the top of each source file (but never header files) documenting its
-owners and the code should go in the `third_party/` folder. Every third
-party project should have a `README.cosmo` file that documents its
-provenance as well as any local changes you've made.
-
-## Copyright Policy Exceptions
-
-### Tests
-
-You're encoraged to claim ownership of your test code. If you add a new
-file under the `test/` directory, then you should put your name in the
-ISC license header at the top of the file. If you add new test cases to
-an existing unit test file, then you're encouraged to append a line with
-your name to the existing copyright header of that file.
-
-### Exceptional Features
-
-Let's say you discovered a faster better way to implement `log10()` and
-you want to give it to Cosmopolitan. In cases like this, it really isn't
-appropriate for Justine to own your code. What you could do instead, is
-write your own new and improved `log10.c` from scratch, put your name on
-the top with the ISC license, and then add a `__notice()` directive so
-that your name will be embedded inside every executable that links the
-`log10()` function. This will help you get your name out there. Please
-note you need get approval from Justine each time you want to do this.
 
 ## Style Guide
 
@@ -83,4 +29,34 @@ clang-format -i -style=file tool/net/redbean.c
 ```
 
 If you use Emacs this can be automated on save for Cosmopolitan using
-[tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el](tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el).
+[tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]([tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]).
+
+### Source Files
+
+- Must use include paths relative to the root of the repository
+- Must have comment at top of file documenting copyright and license
+- Must have notice embedding if not owned by Justine (exception: tests)
+- May use language extensions that are supported by both GCC and Clang
+- Should use Google indentation (otherwise use `/* clang-format off */`)
+- Should use asm() instead of compiler APIs (exception: ctz, clz, memcpy)
+
+### Header Files
+
+- Must not have copyright or license comments
+- Must have once guards (otherwise change `.h` to `.inc`)
+- Must be ANSI C89 compatible to be included in the amalgamation header
+- Must include its dependencies (exception: libc/integral/normalize.inc)
+- Must not define objects (i.e. `cc -c -xc foo.h` will produce empty `.o`)
+- Should not use typedefs
+- Should not use forward declarations
+- Should not include documentation comments
+- Should not include parameter names in prototypes
+- Should not pose problems if included by C++ or Assembly sources
+- Should not declare non-ANSI code, at all, when the user requests ANSI
+
+### Build Config
+
+- Must not write files outside `o/`
+- Must not communicate with Internet
+- Must not depend on system libraries
+- Must not depend on system commands (exception: sh, make, gzip, zip)

Makefile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #-*-mode:makefile-gmake;indent-tabs-mode:t;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-┐
-#── vi: set et ft=make ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi ──────────────────────┘
+#───vi: set et ft=make ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi───────────────────────┘
 #
 # SYNOPSIS
 #
@@ -21,23 +21,23 @@
 #   make -j8 -O MODE=tiny
 #
 #   # build individual target
-#   make -j8 -O o//examples/hello
+#   make -j8 -O o//examples/hello.com
-#   o//examples/hello
+#   o//examples/hello.com
 #
 #   # view source
 #   less examples/hello.c
 #
 #   # view binary
-#   o//tool/viz/bing o//examples/hello |
+#   o//tool/viz/bing.com o//examples/hello.com |
-#     o//tool/viz/fold
+#     o//tool/viz/fold.com
 #
 #   # view transitive closure of legalese
-#   o//tool/viz/bing -n o//examples/hello |
+#   o//tool/viz/bing.com -n o//examples/hello.com |
-#     o//tool/viz/fold
+#     o//tool/viz/fold.com
 #
 #   # basic debugging
-#   make -j8 -O MODE=dbg o/dbg/examples/crashreport
+#   make -j8 -O MODE=dbg o/dbg/examples/crashreport.com
-#   o/examples/crashreport
+#   o/examples/crashreport.com
 #   less examples/crashreport.c
 #
 #   # extremely tiny binaries
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 #
 # TROUBLESHOOTING
 #
-#   make -j8 -O V=1 o//examples/hello
+#   make -j8 -O V=1 o//examples/hello.com
 #   make o//examples/life.elf -pn |& less
 #   etc.
 #
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 #
 #   build/config.mk
 
-SHELL      = build/bootstrap/cocmd
+SHELL      = build/bootstrap/cocmd.com
 MAKEFLAGS += --no-builtin-rules
 
 .SUFFIXES:
@@ -73,51 +73,22 @@ MODE := $(m)
 endif
 endif
 
-COMMA := ,
+UNAME_M = $(shell uname -m)
-PWD := $(shell pwd)
+UNAME_S = $(shell uname -s)
-
-# detect wsl2 running cosmopolitan binaries on the host by checking whether:
-# - user ran .cosmocc/current/bin/make, in which case make's working directory
-#   is in wsl
-# - user ran make, in which case cocmd's working directory is in wsl
-ifneq ($(findstring //wsl.localhost/,$(CURDIR) $(PWD)),)
-$(warning wsl2 interop is enabled)
-$(error you need to run sudo sh -c 'echo -1 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/WSLInterop')
-endif
-
-UNAME_M := $(shell uname -m)
-UNAME_S := $(shell uname -s)
 
 # apple still distributes a 17 year old version of gnu make
 ifeq ($(MAKE_VERSION), 3.81)
-$(error please use https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/make)
+$(error please use build/bootstrap/make.com)
 endif
 
-LC_ALL = C
+# provide instructions to non-linux users on unbundling gcc
-SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH = 0
+ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),)                                                # if TOOLCHAIN isn't defined
-
+ifeq ("$(wildcard o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-cosmo-*)","")  # if our gcc isn't unbundled
-ARFLAGS = rcsD
+ifneq ($(UNAME_M)-$(UNAME_S), x86_64-Linux)                         # if this is not amd64 linux
-ZFLAGS ?=
+$(error you need to download https://justine.lol/cosmocc-0.0.12.zip and unzip it inside the cosmo directory)
-XARGS ?= xargs -P4 -rs8000
+endif
-DOT ?= dot
+endif
-CLANG = clang
+endif
-TMPDIR = o/tmp
-AR = $(BOOTSTRAP)/ar.ape
-CP = $(BOOTSTRAP)/cp.ape
-RM = $(BOOTSTRAP)/rm.ape -f
-GZIP = $(BOOTSTRAP)/gzip.ape
-ECHO = $(BOOTSTRAP)/echo.ape
-CHMOD = $(BOOTSTRAP)/chmod.ape
-TOUCH = $(BOOTSTRAP)/touch.ape
-PKG = $(BOOTSTRAP)/package.ape
-MKDEPS = $(BOOTSTRAP)/mkdeps
-ZIPOBJ = $(BOOTSTRAP)/zipobj
-ZIPCOPY = $(BOOTSTRAP)/zipcopy
-PECHECK = $(BOOTSTRAP)/pecheck
-FIXUPOBJ = $(BOOTSTRAP)/fixupobj
-OBJBINCOPY = $(BOOTSTRAP)/objbincopy
-MKDIR = $(BOOTSTRAP)/mkdir.ape -p
-COMPILE = $(BOOTSTRAP)/compile.ape -V9 -M2048m -P8192 $(QUOTA)
 
 # the default build modes is empty string
 # on x86_64 hosts, MODE= is the same as MODE=x86_64
@@ -131,52 +102,11 @@ MODE := aarch64
 endif
 endif
 
-ifneq ($(findstring aarch64,$(MODE)),)
-ARCH = aarch64
-HOSTS ?= pi pi5 studio freebsdarm
-else
-ARCH = x86_64
-HOSTS ?= freebsd rhel7 xnu openbsd netbsd win10 luna
-endif
-
-ZIPOBJ_FLAGS += -a$(ARCH)
-
-export ADDR2LINE
-export LC_ALL
-export MKDIR
-export MODE
-export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
-export TMPDIR
-
-COSMOCC = .cosmocc/3.9.2
-BOOTSTRAP = $(COSMOCC)/bin
-TOOLCHAIN = $(COSMOCC)/bin/$(ARCH)-linux-cosmo-
-DOWNLOAD := $(shell build/download-cosmocc.sh $(COSMOCC) 3.9.2 f4ff13af65fcd309f3f1cfd04275996fb7f72a4897726628a8c9cf732e850193)
-
-IGNORE := $(shell $(MKDIR) $(TMPDIR))
-
-AS = $(TOOLCHAIN)as
-CC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
-CXX = $(TOOLCHAIN)g++
-CXXFILT = $(TOOLCHAIN)c++filt
-LD = $(TOOLCHAIN)ld.bfd
-NM = $(TOOLCHAIN)nm
-GCC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
-STRIP = $(TOOLCHAIN)strip
-OBJCOPY = $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy
-OBJDUMP = $(TOOLCHAIN)objdump
-ifneq ($(wildcard $(PWD)/$(TOOLCHAIN)addr2line),)
-ADDR2LINE = $(PWD)/$(TOOLCHAIN)addr2line
-else
-ADDR2LINE = $(TOOLCHAIN)addr2line
-endif
-
 # primary build rules
 all:	o
 o:	o/$(MODE)
 o/$(MODE):			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape		\
-	o/$(MODE)/ctl		\
 	o/$(MODE)/dsp		\
 	o/$(MODE)/net		\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc		\
@@ -185,12 +115,7 @@ o/$(MODE):			\
 	o/$(MODE)/examples	\
 	o/$(MODE)/third_party
 
-# TODO(jart): Make Emacs `C-c C-c` shortcut not need this.
+# check if we're using o//third_party/make/make.com
-.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ o/$(MODE)/.
-o/$(MODE)/: o/$(MODE)
-o/$(MODE)/.: o/$(MODE)
-
-# check if we're using o//third_party/make/make
 # we added sandboxing to guarantee cosmo's makefile is hermetic
 # it also shaves away 200ms of startup latency with native $(uniq)
 ifneq ($(LANDLOCKMAKE_VERSION),)
@@ -200,7 +125,7 @@ $(warning please run ape/apeinstall.sh if you intend to use landlock make)
 $(shell sleep .5)
 endif
 endif
-ifneq ($(TOOLCHAIN),)
+ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_TOOLCHAIN),)
 .STRICT = 1
 endif
 endif
@@ -209,9 +134,10 @@ endif
 .UNVEIL +=					\
 	libc/integral				\
 	libc/stdbool.h				\
+	libc/disclaimer.inc			\
 	rwc:/dev/shm				\
-	rx:.cosmocc				\
 	rx:build/bootstrap			\
+	rx:o/third_party/gcc			\
 	r:build/portcosmo.h			\
 	/proc/stat				\
 	rw:/dev/null				\
@@ -232,163 +158,149 @@ include build/definitions.mk			# ├──META
 include build/config.mk				# │  You can build
 include build/rules.mk				# │  You can topologically order
 include build/online.mk				#─┘
-include libc/nexgen32e/BUILD.mk			#─┐
+include libc/nexgen32e/nexgen32e.mk		#─┐
-include libc/sysv/BUILD.mk			# ├──SYSTEM SUPPORT
+include libc/sysv/sysv.mk			# ├──SYSTEM SUPPORT
-include libc/nt/BUILD.mk			# │  You can do math
+include libc/nt/nt.mk				# │  You can do math
-include libc/intrin/BUILD.mk			# │  You can use the stack
+include libc/intrin/intrin.mk			# │  You can use the stack
-include third_party/compiler_rt/BUILD.mk	# │  You can manipulate arrays
+include third_party/compiler_rt/compiler_rt.mk	# │  You can manipulate arrays
-include libc/tinymath/BUILD.mk			# │  You can issue raw system calls
+include libc/tinymath/tinymath.mk		# │  You can issue raw system calls
-include libc/str/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/str/str.mk				# │
-include third_party/xed/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/xed/xed.mk			# │
-include third_party/puff/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/puff/puff.mk		# │
-include libc/elf/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/elf/elf.mk				# │
-include ape/BUILD.mk				# │
+include ape/ape.mk				# │
-include libc/fmt/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/fmt/fmt.mk				# │
-include libc/vga/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/vga/vga.mk				#─┘
-include libc/irq/BUILD.mk			#─┘
+include libc/calls/calls.mk			#─┐
-include libc/calls/BUILD.mk			#─┐
+include third_party/nsync/nsync.mk		# │
-include libc/irq/BUILD.mk			# ├──SYSTEMS RUNTIME
+include libc/runtime/runtime.mk			# ├──SYSTEMS RUNTIME
-include third_party/nsync/BUILD.mk		# │  You can issue system calls
+include third_party/double-conversion/dc.mk	# │  You can issue system calls
-include libc/runtime/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/crt/crt.mk				# │
-include libc/crt/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/dlmalloc/dlmalloc.mk	#─┘
-include third_party/dlmalloc/BUILD.mk		#─┘
+include libc/mem/mem.mk				#─┐
-include libc/mem/BUILD.mk			#─┐
+include third_party/gdtoa/gdtoa.mk		# ├──DYNAMIC RUNTIME
-include third_party/gdtoa/BUILD.mk		# ├──DYNAMIC RUNTIME
+include third_party/nsync/mem/mem.mk		# │  You can now use stdio
-include third_party/nsync/mem/BUILD.mk		# │  You can now use stdio
+include libc/proc/proc.mk			# │  You can now use threads
-include libc/proc/BUILD.mk			# │  You can now use threads
+include libc/thread/thread.mk			# │  You can now use processes
-include libc/dlopen/BUILD.mk			# │  You can now use processes
+include tool/hello/hello.mk			# │  You can finally call malloc()
-include libc/thread/BUILD.mk			# │  You can finally call malloc()
+include third_party/zlib/zlib.mk		# │
-include third_party/zlib/BUILD.mk		# │
+include libc/stdio/stdio.mk			# │
-include libc/stdio/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/time/time.mk			# │
-include tool/hello/BUILD.mk			# │
+include net/net.mk				# │
-include third_party/tz/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/vqsort/vqsort.mk		# │
-include net/BUILD.mk				# │
+include libc/log/log.mk				# │
-include third_party/vqsort/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/getopt/getopt.mk		# │
-include libc/log/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/bzip2/bzip2.mk		# │
-include third_party/getopt/BUILD.mk		# │
+include dsp/core/core.mk			# │
-include third_party/bzip2/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/musl/musl.mk		# │
-include dsp/core/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/x/x.mk				# │
-include third_party/zlib/gz/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/stb/stb.mk			# │
-include third_party/intel/BUILD.mk		# │
+include dsp/scale/scale.mk			# │
-include third_party/aarch64/BUILD.mk		# │
+include dsp/mpeg/mpeg.mk			# │
-include libc/BUILD.mk				#─┘
+include dsp/dsp.mk				# │
-include libc/sock/BUILD.mk			#─┐
+include third_party/zlib/gz/gz.mk		# │
-include net/http/BUILD.mk			# ├──ONLINE RUNTIME
+include third_party/intel/intel.mk		# │
-include third_party/musl/BUILD.mk		# │  You can communicate with the network
+include third_party/aarch64/aarch64.mk		# │
-include third_party/regex/BUILD.mk		# │
+include libc/libc.mk				#─┘
-include third_party/tr/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/sock/sock.mk			#─┐
-include third_party/sed/BUILD.mk		# │
+include dsp/tty/tty.mk				# ├──ONLINE RUNTIME
-include libc/system/BUILD.mk			# │
+include libc/dns/dns.mk				# │  You can communicate with the network
-include libc/x/BUILD.mk				# │
+include net/http/http.mk			# │
-include dsp/scale/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/mbedtls/mbedtls.mk		# │
-include dsp/mpeg/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/libcxx/libcxx.mk		# │
-include dsp/tty/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/ggml/ggml.mk		# │
-include dsp/audio/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/radpajama/radpajama.mk	# │
-include dsp/prog/BUILD.mk			# │
+include net/https/https.mk			# │
-include dsp/BUILD.mk				# │
+include third_party/regex/regex.mk		#─┘
-include third_party/stb/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/tidy/tidy.mk
-include third_party/mbedtls/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/third_party.mk
-include third_party/ncurses/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/nsync/testing/testing.mk
-include third_party/readline/BUILD.mk		# │
+include libc/testlib/testlib.mk
-include third_party/libunwind/BUILD.mk		# |
+include tool/viz/lib/vizlib.mk
-include third_party/libcxxabi/BUILD.mk		# |
+include tool/args/args.mk
-include third_party/double-conversion/BUILD.mk	# │
+include test/tool/args/test.mk
-include ctl/BUILD.mk				# │
+include third_party/linenoise/linenoise.mk
-include third_party/libcxx/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/maxmind/maxmind.mk
-include third_party/openmp/BUILD.mk		# │
+include net/finger/finger.mk
-include third_party/pcre/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/double-conversion/test/test.mk
-include third_party/less/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/lua/lua.mk
-include net/https/BUILD.mk			#─┘
+include third_party/tree/tree.mk
-include third_party/tidy/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/zstd/zstd.mk
-include third_party/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/tr/tr.mk
-include third_party/nsync/testing/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/sed/sed.mk
-include libc/testlib/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/awk/awk.mk
-include tool/viz/lib/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/hiredis/hiredis.mk
-include tool/args/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/make/make.mk
-include test/math/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/ctags/ctags.mk
-include test/posix/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/finger/finger.mk
-include test/ctl/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/argon2/argon2.mk
-include test/libcxx/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/smallz4/smallz4.mk
-include test/tool/args/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/sqlite3/sqlite3.mk
-include third_party/linenoise/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/mbedtls/test/test.mk
-include third_party/maxmind/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/quickjs/quickjs.mk
-include net/finger/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/lz4cli/lz4cli.mk
-include third_party/double-conversion/test/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/zip/zip.mk
-include third_party/lua/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/xxhash/xxhash.mk
-include third_party/tree/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/unzip/unzip.mk
-include third_party/zstd/BUILD.mk
+include tool/build/lib/buildlib.mk
-include third_party/awk/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/chibicc/chibicc.mk
-include third_party/hiredis/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/chibicc/test/test.mk
-include third_party/make/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/python/python.mk
-include third_party/ctags/BUILD.mk
+include tool/build/build.mk
-include third_party/finger/BUILD.mk
+include tool/curl/curl.mk
-include third_party/argon2/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/qemu/qemu.mk
-include third_party/smallz4/BUILD.mk
+include examples/examples.mk
-include third_party/sqlite3/BUILD.mk
+include examples/pyapp/pyapp.mk
-include third_party/mbedtls/test/BUILD.mk
+include examples/pylife/pylife.mk
-include third_party/lz4cli/BUILD.mk
+include tool/decode/lib/decodelib.mk
-include third_party/zip/BUILD.mk
+include tool/decode/decode.mk
-include third_party/xxhash/BUILD.mk
+include tool/lambda/lib/lib.mk
-include third_party/unzip/BUILD.mk
+include tool/lambda/lambda.mk
-include tool/build/lib/BUILD.mk
+include tool/plinko/lib/lib.mk
-include third_party/chibicc/BUILD.mk
+include tool/plinko/plinko.mk
-include third_party/chibicc/test/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/plinko/test.mk
-include third_party/python/BUILD.mk
+include tool/net/net.mk
-include tool/build/BUILD.mk
+include tool/viz/viz.mk
-include tool/curl/BUILD.mk
+include tool/tool.mk
-include third_party/qemu/BUILD.mk
+include net/turfwar/turfwar.mk
-include third_party/libcxxabi/test/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/tinymath/test.mk
-include examples/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/intrin/test.mk
-include examples/pyapp/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/mem/test.mk
-include examples/pylife/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/nexgen32e/test.mk
-include tool/decode/lib/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/runtime/test.mk
-include tool/decode/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/thread/test.mk
-include tool/lambda/lib/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/sock/test.mk
-include tool/lambda/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/str/test.mk
-include tool/plinko/lib/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/log/test.mk
-include tool/plinko/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/str/test.mk
-include test/tool/plinko/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/calls/test.mk
-include tool/net/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/x/test.mk
-include tool/viz/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/xed/test.mk
-include tool/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/fmt/test.mk
-include net/turfwar/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/dns/test.mk
-include test/libc/tinymath/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/time/test.mk
-include test/libc/intrin/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/proc/test.mk
-include test/libc/mem/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/stdio/test.mk
-include test/libc/nexgen32e/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/release/test.mk
-include test/libc/runtime/BUILD.mk
+include test/libc/test.mk
-include test/libc/thread/BUILD.mk
+include test/net/http/test.mk
-include test/libc/sock/BUILD.mk
+include test/net/https/test.mk
-include test/libc/str/BUILD.mk
+include test/net/finger/test.mk
-include test/libc/log/BUILD.mk
+include test/net/test.mk
-include test/libc/str/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/build/lib/test.mk
-include test/libc/calls/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/build/test.mk
-include test/libc/x/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/viz/lib/test.mk
-include test/libc/xed/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/viz/test.mk
-include test/libc/fmt/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/net/test.mk
-include test/libc/time/BUILD.mk
+include test/tool/test.mk
-include test/libc/proc/BUILD.mk
+include test/dsp/core/test.mk
-include test/libc/stdio/BUILD.mk
+include test/dsp/scale/test.mk
-include test/libc/system/BUILD.mk
+include test/dsp/tty/test.mk
-include test/libc/BUILD.mk
+include test/dsp/test.mk
-include test/net/http/BUILD.mk
+include examples/package/lib/build.mk
-include test/net/https/BUILD.mk
+include examples/package/build.mk
-include test/net/finger/BUILD.mk
-include test/net/BUILD.mk
-include test/tool/build/lib/BUILD.mk
-include test/tool/build/BUILD.mk
-include test/tool/viz/lib/BUILD.mk
-include test/tool/viz/BUILD.mk
-include test/tool/net/BUILD.mk
-include test/tool/BUILD.mk
-include test/dsp/core/BUILD.mk
-include test/dsp/scale/BUILD.mk
-include test/dsp/tty/BUILD.mk
-include test/dsp/BUILD.mk
-include examples/package/lib/BUILD.mk
-include examples/package/BUILD.mk
 #-φ-examples/package/new.sh
-include test/BUILD.mk
+include test/test.mk
 
 OBJS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_OBJS))
 SRCS	:= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_SRCS))
@@ -414,7 +326,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(
 o/$(MODE)/incs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(INCS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x)))) $(INCS) $(INCS)
 	$(file >$@,$(INCS))
 o/$(MODE)/depend: o/$(MODE)/.x o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt o/$(MODE)/incs.txt $(SRCS) $(HDRS) $(INCS)
-	$(COMPILE) -AMKDEPS -L320 $(MKDEPS) -o $@ -s -r o/$(MODE)/ @o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt @o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt @o/$(MODE)/incs.txt
+	$(COMPILE) -AMKDEPS -L320 $(MKDEPS) -o $@ -r o/$(MODE)/ @o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt @o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt @o/$(MODE)/incs.txt
 
 o/$(MODE)/srcs-old.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(dir $(x))))
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
@@ -422,87 +334,77 @@ o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
 
 TAGS: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
-TAGS:	o/$(MODE)/srcs-old.txt $(SRCS) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags
+TAGS:	o/$(MODE)/srcs-old.txt $(SRCS) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com
 	@$(RM) $@
-	@o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags $(TAGSFLAGS) -L $< -o $@
+	@o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com $(TAGSFLAGS) -L $< -o $@
 
 HTAGS: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
-HTAGS:	o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt $(filter-out third_party/libcxx/%,$(HDRS)) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags
+HTAGS:	o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt $(filter-out third_party/libcxx/%,$(HDRS)) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com
 	@$(RM) $@
-	@build/htags o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags -L $< -o $@
+	@build/htags o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com -L $< -o $@
 
 loc: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
-loc: o/$(MODE)/tool/build/summy
+loc: o/$(MODE)/tool/build/summy.com
-	find -name \*.h -or -name \*.hpp -or -name \*.c -or -name \*.cc -or -name \*.cpp -or -name \*.S -or -name \*.mk | \
+	find -name \*.h -or -name \*.c -or -name \*.S | \
 	$(XARGS) wc -l | grep total | awk '{print $$1}' | $<
 
-COSMOPOLITAN =				\
+# PLEASE: MAINTAIN TOPOLOGICAL ORDER
-	CTL				\
+# FROM HIGHEST LEVEL TO LOWEST LEVEL
-	DSP_AUDIO			\
+COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =			\
-	LIBC_CALLS			\
-	LIBC_DLOPEN			\
-	LIBC_ELF			\
-	LIBC_FMT			\
-	LIBC_INTRIN			\
-	LIBC_IRQ			\
-	LIBC_LOG			\
-	LIBC_MEM			\
-	LIBC_NEXGEN32E			\
-	LIBC_NT_ADVAPI32		\
-	LIBC_NT_BCRYPTPRIMITIVES	\
-	LIBC_NT_COMDLG32		\
-	LIBC_NT_GDI32			\
-	LIBC_NT_IPHLPAPI		\
-	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32		\
-	LIBC_NT_NTDLL			\
-	LIBC_NT_PDH			\
-	LIBC_NT_POWRPROF		\
-	LIBC_NT_PSAPI			\
-	LIBC_NT_REALTIME		\
-	LIBC_NT_SHELL32			\
-	LIBC_NT_SYNCHRONIZATION		\
-	LIBC_NT_USER32			\
-	LIBC_NT_WS2_32			\
-	LIBC_PROC			\
-	LIBC_RUNTIME			\
-	LIBC_SOCK			\
-	LIBC_STDIO			\
-	LIBC_STR			\
-	LIBC_SYSTEM			\
-	LIBC_SYSV			\
-	LIBC_SYSV_CALLS			\
-	LIBC_THREAD			\
-	LIBC_TINYMATH			\
-	LIBC_VGA			\
-	LIBC_X				\
-	NET_HTTP			\
-	THIRD_PARTY_COMPILER_RT		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_DLMALLOC		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_DOUBLECONVERSION	\
-	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_LIBUNWIND		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_NSYNC		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_NSYNC_MEM		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_OPENMP		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_PUFF		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_TZ			\
-	THIRD_PARTY_XED			\
-	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB_GZ		\
 	TOOL_ARGS			\
+	NET_HTTP			\
+	LIBC_DNS			\
+	LIBC_SOCK			\
+	LIBC_NT_WS2_32			\
+	LIBC_NT_IPHLPAPI		\
+	LIBC_X				\
+	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT		\
+	LIBC_LOG			\
+	LIBC_TIME			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB_GZ		\
+	LIBC_STDIO			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX		\
+	LIBC_THREAD			\
+	LIBC_PROC			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_NSYNC_MEM		\
+	LIBC_MEM			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_DLMALLOC		\
+	LIBC_RUNTIME			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_NSYNC		\
+	LIBC_ELF			\
+	LIBC_CALLS			\
+	LIBC_SYSV_CALLS			\
+	LIBC_VGA			\
+	LIBC_NT_PSAPI			\
+	LIBC_NT_POWRPROF		\
+	LIBC_NT_PDH			\
+	LIBC_NT_GDI32			\
+	LIBC_NT_COMDLG32		\
+	LIBC_NT_USER32			\
+	LIBC_NT_NTDLL			\
+	LIBC_NT_ADVAPI32		\
+	LIBC_NT_SYNCHRONIZATION		\
+	LIBC_FMT			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_PUFF		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_COMPILER_RT		\
+	LIBC_TINYMATH			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_XED			\
+	LIBC_STR			\
+	LIBC_SYSV			\
+	LIBC_INTRIN			\
+	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32		\
+	LIBC_NEXGEN32E
 
-COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\
+COSMOPOLITAN_HEADERS =			\
 	APE				\
-	DSP_AUDIO			\
 	LIBC				\
 	LIBC_CALLS			\
+	LIBC_DNS			\
 	LIBC_ELF			\
 	LIBC_FMT			\
-	LIBC_DLOPEN			\
 	LIBC_INTRIN			\
 	LIBC_LOG			\
 	LIBC_MEM			\
@@ -517,6 +419,7 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\
 	LIBC_STR			\
 	LIBC_SYSV			\
 	LIBC_THREAD			\
+	LIBC_TIME			\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH			\
 	LIBC_X				\
 	LIBC_VGA			\
@@ -526,43 +429,30 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB_GZ		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX
 
-COSMOCC_PKGS =				\
-	$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS)		\
-	CTL				\
-	THIRD_PARTY_AARCH64		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXX		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_LIBUNWIND		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_OPENMP		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_INTEL
-
 o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a:		\
-		$(call reverse,$(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN),$($(x)))))
+		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_A_OBJS))
 
-COSMOCC_HDRS =								\
+o/cosmopolitan.h:							\
-	$(wildcard libc/integral/*)					\
+		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/rollup.com				\
-	$(foreach x,$(COSMOCC_PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))			\
+		libc/integral/normalize.inc				\
-	$(foreach x,$(COSMOCC_PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
+		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_HEADERS),$($(x)_HDRS))	\
-
+		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_HEADERS),$($(x)_INCS))
-o/cosmocc.h.txt: Makefile libc $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x)))) $(HDRS) $(INCS)
+	$(file >$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@),libc/integral/normalize.inc $(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_HEADERS),$($(x)_HDRS)))
-	$(file >$@, $(call uniq,$(COSMOCC_HDRS)))
+	@$(ECHO) '#ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__' >$@
-
+	@$(ECHO) '#define _COSMO_SOURCE' >>$@
-COSMOPOLITAN_H_ROOT_HDRS =						\
+	@$(ECHO) '#endif' >>$@
-	libc/integral/normalize.inc					\
+	@$(COMPILE) -AROLLUP -T$@ o/$(MODE)/tool/build/rollup.com @$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@) >>$@
-	$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))
 
 o/cosmopolitan.html: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
 o/cosmopolitan.html:							\
-		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.dbg		\
+		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com.dbg		\
 		$(filter-out %.s,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_SRCS)))	\
-		$(filter-out %.cpp,$(filter-out %.cc,$(SRCS)))				\
+		$(SRCS)							\
 		$(HDRS)
-	$(file >$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@),$(filter-out %.cpp,$(filter-out %.cc,$(filter-out %.s,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_SRCS))))))
+	$(file >$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@),$(filter-out %.s,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_SRCS))))
-	o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.dbg -J		\
+	o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com.dbg -J		\
 		-fno-common -include libc/integral/normalize.inc -o $@	\
 		-DCOSMO @$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@)
 
@@ -576,6 +466,7 @@ $(SRCS):					\
 
 ifeq ($(ARCH), x86_64)
 TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
+	o/cosmopolitan.h			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc/crt/crt.o		\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf			\
@@ -584,13 +475,13 @@ TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o	\
 	o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a		\
 	o/$(MODE)/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native	\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/ar			\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/ar.com		\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/mktemper		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/mktemper.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/apelink		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/apelink.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/pecheck
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/pecheck.com
 else
 TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf			\
@@ -598,9 +489,9 @@ TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc/crt/crt.o		\
 	o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a		\
 	o/$(MODE)/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native	\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy.com
 endif
 
 .PHONY: toolchain

README.md

@@ -3,34 +3,38 @@
 [![build](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/actions/workflows/build.yml)
 # Cosmopolitan
 
-[Cosmopolitan Libc](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/index.html) makes C/C++
+[Cosmopolitan Libc](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/index.html) makes C
 a build-once run-anywhere language, like Java, except it doesn't need an
 interpreter or virtual machine. Instead, it reconfigures stock GCC and
 Clang to output a POSIX-approved polyglot format that runs natively on
-Linux + Mac + Windows + FreeBSD + OpenBSD 7.3 + NetBSD + BIOS with the
+Linux + Mac + Windows + FreeBSD + OpenBSD + NetBSD + BIOS with the best
-best possible performance and the tiniest footprint imaginable.
+possible performance and the tiniest footprint imaginable.
 
 ## Background
 
-For an introduction to this project, please read the [actually portable
+For an introduction to this project, please read the [αcτµαlly pδrταblε
-executable](https://justine.lol/ape.html) blog post and [cosmopolitan
+εxεcµταblε](https://justine.lol/ape.html) blog post and [cosmopolitan
 libc](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/index.html) website. We also have
-[API
+[API documentation](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/documentation.html).
-documentation](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/documentation.html).
 
 ## Getting Started
 
-You can start by obtaining a release of our `cosmocc` compiler from
+It's recommended that Cosmopolitan be installed to `/opt/cosmo` and
-<https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmocc/>.
+`/opt/cosmos` on your computer. The first has the monorepo. The second
+contains your non-monorepo artifacts.
 
 ```sh
-mkdir -p cosmocc
+sudo mkdir -p /opt
-cd cosmocc
+sudo chmod 1777 /opt
-wget https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmocc/cosmocc.zip
+git clone https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan /opt/cosmo
-unzip cosmocc.zip
+export PATH="/opt/cosmo/bin:/opt/cosmos/bin:$PATH"
+echo 'PATH="/opt/cosmo/bin:/opt/cosmos/bin:$PATH"' >>~/.profile
+ape-install        # optionally install a faster systemwide ape loader
+cosmocc --update   # pull cosmo and rebuild toolchain
 ```
 
-Here's an example program we can write:
+You've now successfully installed your very own cosmos. Now let's build
+an example program:
 
 ```c
 // hello.c
@@ -41,11 +45,26 @@ int main() {
 }
 ```
 
-It can be compiled as follows:
+To compile the program, you can run the `cosmocc` command. It's
+important to give it an output path that ends with `.com` so the output
+format will be Actually Portable Executable. When this happens, a
+concomitant debug binary is created automatically too.
 
 ```sh
-cosmocc -o hello hello.c
+cosmocc -o hello.com hello.c
-./hello
+./hello.com
+./hello.com.dbg
+```
+
+You can use the `cosmocc` toolchain to build conventional open source
+projects which use autotools. This strategy normally works:
+
+```sh
+export CC=cosmocc
+export CXX=cosmoc++
+./configure --prefix=/opt/cosmos
+make -j
+make install
 ```
 
 The Cosmopolitan Libc runtime links some heavyweight troubleshooting
@@ -53,115 +72,445 @@ features by default, which are very useful for developers and admins.
 Here's how you can log system calls:
 
 ```sh
-./hello --strace
+./hello.com --strace
 ```
 
 Here's how you can get a much more verbose log of function calls:
 
 ```sh
-./hello --ftrace
+./hello.com --ftrace
 ```
 
-You can use the Cosmopolitan's toolchain to build conventional open
+If you don't want rich runtime features like the above included, and you
-source projects which use autotools. This strategy normally works:
+just want libc, and you want smaller simpler programs. In that case, you
+can consider using `MODE=tiny`, which is preconfigured by the repo in
+[build/config.mk](build/config.mk). Using this mode is much more
+effective at reducing binary footprint than the `-Os` flag alone. You
+can change your build mode by doing the following:
 
 ```sh
-export CC=x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc
+export MODE=tiny
-export CXX=x86_64-unknown-cosmo-c++
+cosmocc --update
-./configure --prefix=/opt/cosmos/x86_64
+```
+
+We can also make our program slightly smaller by using the system call
+interface directly, which is fine, since Cosmopolitan polyfills these
+interfaces across platforms, including Windows. For example:
+
+```c
+// hello2.c
+#include <unistd.h>
+int main() {
+  write(1, "hello world\n", 12);
+}
+```
+
+Once compiled, your APE binary should be ~36kb in size.
+
+```sh
+export MODE=tiny
+cosmocc -Os -o hello2.com hello2.c
+./hello2.com
+```
+
+But let's say you only care about your binaries running on Linux and you
+don't want to use up all this additional space for platforms like WIN32.
+In that case, you can try `MODE=tinylinux` for example which will create
+executables more on the order of 8kb (similar to Musl Libc).
+
+```sh
+export MODE=tinylinux
+cosmocc --update
+cosmocc -Os -o hello2.com hello2.c
+./hello2.com  # <-- actually an ELF executable
+```
+
+## ARM
+
+Cosmo supports cross-compiling binaries for machines with ARM
+microprocessors. For example:
+
+```sh
+make -j8 m=aarch64 o/aarch64/third_party/ggml/llama.com
+make -j8 m=aarch64-tiny o/aarch64-tiny/third_party/ggml/llama.com
+```
+
+That'll produce ELF executables that run natively on two operating
+systems: Linux Arm64 (e.g. Raspberry Pi) and MacOS Arm64 (i.e. Apple
+Silicon), thus giving you full performance. The catch is you have to
+compile these executables on an x86_64-linux machine. The second catch
+is that MacOS needs a little bit of help understanding the ELF format.
+To solve that, we provide a tiny APE loader you can use on M1 machines.
+
+```sh
+scp ape/ape-m1.c macintosh:
+scp o/aarch64/third_party/ggml/llama.com macintosh:
+ssh macintosh
+xcode-install
+cc -o ape ape-m1.c
+sudo cp ape /usr/local/bin/ape
+```
+
+You can run your ELF AARCH64 executable on Apple Silicon as follows:
+
+```sh
+ape ./llama.com
+```
+
+If you want to run the `MODE=aarch64` unit tests, you need to have
+qemu-aarch64 installed as a binfmt_misc interpreter. It needs to be a
+static binary if you want it to work with Landlock Make's security. You
+can use the build included in our `third_party/qemu/` folder.
+
+```
+doas cp o/third_party/qemu/qemu-aarch64 /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64
+doas sh -c "echo ':qemu-aarch64:M::\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xb7\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64:CF' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"
+make -j8 m=aarch64
+```
+
+Please note that the qemu-aarch64 binfmt_misc interpreter installation
+process is *essential* for being able to use the `aarch64-unknown-cosmo`
+toolchain to build fat APE binaries on your x86-64 machine.
+
+## AMD64 + ARM64 fat APE binaries
+
+If you've setup the qemu binfmt_misc interpreter, then you can can use
+cosmo's toolchains to build fat ape binaries. It works by compiling your
+program twice, so you can have a native build for both architectures in
+the same file. The two programs are merged together by apelink.com which
+also embeds multiple copies of APE loader and multiple symbols tables.
+
+The easiest way to build fat APE is using `fatcosmocc`. This compiler
+works by creating a concomitant `.aarch64/foo.o` for every `foo.o` you
+compile. The only exception is the C preprocessor mode, which actually
+runs x86-64 GCC except with macros like `__x86_64__` undefined.
+
+This toolchain works great for C projects that are written in a portable
+way and don't produce architecture-specific artifacts. One example of a
+large project that can be easily built is GNU coreutils.
+
+```sh
+cd coreutils
+fatcosmocc --update ||exit
+./configure CC=fatcosmocc \
+            AR=fatcosmoar \
+            INSTALL=$(command -v fatcosmoinstall) \
+            --prefix=/opt/cosmos \
+            --disable-nls \
+            --disable-dependency-tracking \
+            --disable-silent-rules
+make -j8
+```
+
+You'll then have a bunch of files like `src/ls` which are fat ape
+binaries. If you want to run them on Windows, then you simply need to
+rename the file so that it has the `.com` suffix. Better yet, consider
+making that a symlink (a.k.a. reparse point). The biggest gotcha with
+`fatcosmocc` though is ensuring builds don't strip binaries. For
+example, Linux's `install -s` command actually understands Windows'
+Portable Executable format well enough to remove the MS-DOS stub, which
+is where the APE shell script is stored. You need to ensure that
+`fatcosmoinstall` is used instead. Especially if your project needs to
+install the libraries built by `fatacosmoar` into `/opt/cosmos`.
+
+## Advanced Fat APE Builds
+
+Once you get seriously involved in creating fat APE builds of software
+you're going to eventually outgrow `fatcosmocc`. One example is Emacs
+which is trickier to build, because it produces architecture-specific
+files, and it also depends on shared files, e.g. zoneinfo. Since we like
+having everything in a neat little single-file executable container that
+doesn't need an "installation wizard", this tutorial will explain how we
+manage to accomplish that.
+
+What you're going to do is, instead of using `fatcosmocc`, you're going
+to use both the `x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc` and `aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc`
+toolchains independently, and then run `apelink` and `zip` to manually
+build the final files. But there's a few tricks to learn first.
+
+The first trick is to create a symlink on your system called `/zip`.
+Cosmopolitan Libc normally uses that as a synthetic folder that lets you
+access the assets in your zip executable. But since that's a read-only
+file system, your build system should use the normal one.
+
+```sh
+doas ln -sf /opt/cosmos /zip
+```
+
+Now create a file named `rebuild-fat.sh` which runs the build twice:
+
+```sh
+#!/bin/sh
+set -ex
+export MODE=aarch64
+export COSMOS=/opt/cosmos/aarch64
+rebuild-cosmos.sh aarch64
+export MODE=
+export COSMOS=/opt/cosmos/x86_64
+rebuild-cosmos.sh x86_64
+wall.com 'finished building'
+```
+
+Then create a second file `rebuild-cosmos.sh` which runs your build:
+
+```sh
+#!/bin/bash
+set -ex
+
+ARCH=${1:-x86_64}
+export COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+export COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/$ARCH}
+export AS=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-as) || exit
+export CC=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-cc) || exit
+export CXX=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-c++) || exit
+export AR=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-ar) || exit
+export STRIP=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-strip) || exit
+export INSTALL=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-install) || exit
+export OBJCOPY=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-objcopy) || exit
+export OBJDUMP=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-objdump) || exit
+export ADDR2LINE=$(command -v $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-addr2line) || exit
+
+$CC --update
+
+export COSMOPOLITAN_DISABLE_ZIPOS=1
+
+cd ~/vendor/zlib
+./configure --prefix=$COSMOS --static
+make clean
+make -j
+make install
+
+cd ~/vendor/ncurses-6.4
+./configure --prefix=$COSMOS --sysconfdir=/zip --datarootdir=/zip/share --exec-prefix=/zip/$ARCH --disable-shared
+make clean
+make -j
+make install
+
+cd ~/vendor/readline-8.2
+./configure --prefix=$COSMOS --sysconfdir=/zip --datarootdir=/zip/share --exec-prefix=/zip/$ARCH --disable-shared
+make uninstall || true
+make clean
+make -j
+make install
+
+# NOTES:
+# 1. You'll need to patch enum { FOO = x } that fails to build into a #define FOO
+# 2. You'll need to patch configure.ac so it DOES NOT define USABLE_FIONREAD to 1
+# 2. You'll need to patch configure.ac so it DOES NOT define INTERRUPT_INPUT to 1
+cd ~/vendor/emacs-28.2
+./configure --prefix=$COSMOS --sysconfdir=/zip --datarootdir=/zip/share --exec-prefix=/zip/$ARCH \
+            --without-x --with-threads --without-gnutls --disable-silent-rules --with-file-notification=no
+make uninstall || true
+make clean
 make -j
 make install
 ```
 
-## Cosmopolitan Source Builds
+Once you've completed this build process, you'll have the ELF files
-
+`/opt/cosmos/x86_64/bin/emacs` and `/opt/cosmos/aarch64/bin/emacs`. Your
-Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any of our supported
+next move is to combine them into a single pristine `emacs.com` file.
-platforms. The Makefile will download cosmocc automatically.
-
-It's recommended that you install a systemwide APE Loader. This command
-requires `sudo` access to copy the `ape` command to a system folder and
-register with binfmt_misc on Linux, for even more performance.
 
 ```sh
-ape/apeinstall.sh
+cd /zip
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+mkdir -p /opt/cosmos/bin
+apelink \
+  -o /opt/cosmos/bin/emacs.com \
+  -l "$COSMO/o//ape/ape.elf" \
+  -l "$COSMO/o/aarch64/ape/ape.elf" \
+  -M "$COSMO/ape/ape-m1.c" \
+  /opt/cosmos/x86_64/bin/emacs \
+  /opt/cosmos/aarch64/bin/emacs
+cd /zip
+zip -r /opt/cosmos/bin/emacs.com \
+    aarch64/libexec \
+    x86_64/libexec \
+    share/terminfo \
+    $(find share/emacs -type f |
+        grep -v '\.el.gz$' |
+        grep -v refcards |
+        grep -v images)
 ```
 
-You can now build the mono repo with any modern version of GNU Make. To
+You can now scp your `emacs.com` build to seven operating systems for
-bootstrap your build, you can install Cosmopolitan Make from this site:
+two distinct kinds of microprocessors without any dependencies. All the
+LISP, zoneinfo, and termcap files it needs are stored inside the ZIP
+structure of the binary, which has performance that's equivalent to the
+Linux filesystem (even though it decompresses artifacts on the fly!) For
+this reason, you might actually find that fat APE Emacs goes faster if
+you're using an operating system like Windows where files are go slow.
 
-https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/make
+If you like to use Vim instead of Emacs, then you can build that too.
+However Vim's build system makes it a bit harder, since it's configured
+to always strip binaries. The `apelink` program needs the symbol tables
+to still be there when it creates the fat version. Otherwise tools like
+`--ftrace` won't work.
 
-E.g.:
+## Monolithic Source Builds
+
+Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any Linux distro. First, you
+need to download or clone the repository.
 
 ```sh
-curl -LO https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/make
+wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan.tar.gz
-./make -j8
+tar xf cosmopolitan.tar.gz  # see releases page
-o//examples/hello
+cd cosmopolitan
 ```
 
-After you've built the repo once, you can also use the make from your
+This will build the entire repository and run all the tests:
-cosmocc at `.cosmocc/current/bin/make`. You might even prefer to alias
+
-make to `$COSMO/.cosmocc/current/bin/make`.
+```sh
+build/bootstrap/make.com
+o//examples/hello.com
+find o -name \*.com | xargs ls -rShal | less
+```
+
+If you get an error running make.com then it's probably because you have
+WINE installed to `binfmt_misc`. You can fix that by installing the the
+APE loader as an interpreter. It'll improve build performance too!
+
+```sh
+bin/ape-install
+```
 
 Since the Cosmopolitan repository is very large, you might only want to
-build one particular thing. Here's an example of a target that can be
+build a particular thing. Cosmopolitan's build config does a good job at
-compiled relatively quickly, which is a simple POSIX test that only
+having minimal deterministic builds. For example, if you wanted to build
-depends on core LIBC packages.
+only hello.com then you could do that as follows:
 
 ```sh
-rm -rf o//libc o//test
+build/bootstrap/make.com o//examples/hello.com
-.cosmocc/current/bin/make o//test/posix/signal_test
-o//test/posix/signal_test
 ```
 
 Sometimes it's desirable to build a subset of targets, without having to
-list out each individual one. For example if you wanted to build and run
+list out each individual one. You can do that by asking make to build a
-all the unit tests in the `TEST_POSIX` package, you could say:
+directory name. For example, if you wanted to build only the targets and
+subtargets of the chibicc package including its tests, you would say:
 
 ```sh
-.cosmocc/current/bin/make o//test/posix
+build/bootstrap/make.com o//third_party/chibicc
+o//third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com --help
 ```
 
 Cosmopolitan provides a variety of build modes. For example, if you want
 really tiny binaries (as small as 12kb in size) then you'd say:
 
 ```sh
-.cosmocc/current/bin/make m=tiny
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=tiny
 ```
 
-You can furthermore cut out the bloat of other operating systems, and
+Here's some other build modes you can try:
-have Cosmopolitan become much more similar to Musl Libc.
 
 ```sh
-.cosmocc/current/bin/make m=tinylinux
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=dbg       # asan + ubsan + debug
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=asan      # production memory safety
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=opt       # -march=native optimizations
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=rel       # traditional release binaries
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=optlinux  # optimal linux-only performance
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=fastbuild # build 28% faster w/o debugging
+build/bootstrap/make.com m=tinylinux # tiniest linux-only 4kb binaries
 ```
 
 For further details, see [//build/config.mk](build/config.mk).
 
-## Debugging
+## Cosmopolitan Amalgamation
 
-To print a log of system calls to stderr:
+Another way to use Cosmopolitan is via our amalgamated release, where
+we've combined everything into a single static archive and a single
+header file. If you're doing your development work on Linux or BSD then
+you need just five files to get started. Here's what you do on Linux:
 
 ```sh
-cosmocc -o hello hello.c
+wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-amalgamation-3.0.zip
-./hello --strace
+unzip cosmopolitan-amalgamation-3.0.zip
+printf 'main() { printf("hello world\\n"); }\n' >hello.c
+gcc -g -Os -static -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-pie -no-pie -mno-red-zone \
+  -fno-omit-frame-pointer -pg -mnop-mcount -mno-tls-direct-seg-refs -gdwarf-4 \
+  -o hello.com.dbg hello.c -fuse-ld=bfd -Wl,-T,ape.lds -Wl,--gc-sections \
+  -Wl,-z,common-page-size=0x1000 -Wl,-z,max-page-size=0x1000 \
+  -include cosmopolitan.h crt.o ape-no-modify-self.o cosmopolitan.a
+objcopy -S -O binary hello.com.dbg hello.com
 ```
 
-To print a log of function calls to stderr:
+You now have a portable program.
 
 ```sh
-cosmocc -o hello hello.c
+./hello.com
-./hello --ftrace
+bash -c './hello.com'  # older zsh/fish workaround (patched in zsh 5.9 and fish 3.3.0)
 ```
 
-Both strace and ftrace use the unbreakable kprintf() facility, which is
+If `./hello.com` executed on Linux throws an error about not finding an
-able to be sent to a file by setting an environment variable.
+interpreter, it should be fixed by running the following command (although
+note that it may not survive a system restart):
 
 ```sh
-export KPRINTF_LOG=log
+sudo sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/bin/sh:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"
-./hello --strace
 ```
 
+If the same command produces puzzling errors on WSL or WINE when using
+Redbean 2.x, they may be fixed by disabling binfmt_misc:
+
+```sh
+sudo sh -c 'echo -1 >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status'
+```
+
+Since we used the `ape-no-modify-self.o` bootloader (rather than
+`ape.o`) your executable will not modify itself when it's run. What
+it'll instead do, is extract a 4kb program (the [APE loader](https://justine.lol/apeloader/))
+to `${TMPDIR:-${HOME:-.}}` that maps your program into memory without
+needing to copy it. The APE loader must be in an executable location
+(e.g. not stored on a `noexec` mount) for it to run. See below for
+alternatives:
+
+It's possible to install the APE loader systemwide as follows.
+
+```sh
+# System-Wide APE Install
+# for Linux, Darwin, and BSDs
+# 1. Copies APE Loader to /usr/bin/ape
+# 2. Registers w/ binfmt_misc too if Linux
+bin/ape-install
+
+# System-Wide APE Uninstall
+# for Linux, Darwin, and BSDs
+bin/ape-uninstall
+```
+
+It's also possible to convert APE binaries into the system-local format
+by using the `--assimilate` flag. Please note that if binfmt_misc is in
+play, you'll need to unregister it temporarily before doing this, since
+the assimilate feature is part of the shell script header.
+
+```sh
+$ file hello.com
+hello.com: DOS/MBR boot sector
+./hello.com --assimilate
+$ file hello.com
+hello.com: ELF 64-bit LSB executable
+```
+
+Now that you're up and running with Cosmopolitan Libc and APE, here's
+some of the most important troubleshooting tools APE offers that you
+should know, in case you encounter any issues:
+
+```sh
+./hello.com --strace   # log system calls to stderr
+./hello.com --ftrace   # log function calls to stderr
+```
+
+Do you love tiny binaries? If so, you may not be happy with Cosmo adding
+heavyweight features like tracing to your binaries by default. In that
+case, you may want to consider using our build system:
+
+```sh
+make m=tiny
+```
+
+Which will cause programs such as `hello.com` and `life.com` to shrink
+from 60kb in size to about 16kb. There's also a prebuilt amalgamation
+online <https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-tiny.zip> hosted
+on our download page <https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/download.html>.
+
 ## GDB
 
 Here's the recommended `~/.gdbinit` config:
@@ -186,60 +535,46 @@ end
 src
 ```
 
-You normally run the `.dbg` file under gdb. If you need to debug the
+You normally run the `.com.dbg` file under gdb. If you need to debug the
-`` file itself, then you can load the debug symbols independently as
+`.com` file itself, then you can load the debug symbols independently as
 
 ```sh
-gdb foo -ex 'add-symbol-file foo.dbg 0x401000'
+gdb foo.com -ex 'add-symbol-file foo.com.dbg 0x401000'
 ```
 
-## Platform Notes
+## Alternative Development Environments
 
-### Shells
+### MacOS
 
-If you use zsh and have trouble running APE programs try `sh -c ./prog`
+If you're developing on MacOS you can install the GNU compiler
-or simply upgrade to zsh 5.9+ (since we patched it two years ago). The
+collection for x86_64-elf via homebrew:
-same is the case for Python `subprocess`, old versions of fish, etc.
-
-### Linux
-
-Some Linux systems are configured to launch MZ executables under WINE.
-Other distros configure their stock installs so that APE programs will
-print "run-detectors: unable to find an interpreter". For example:
 
 ```sh
-jart@ubuntu:~$ wget https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/dash
+brew install x86_64-elf-gcc
-jart@ubuntu:~$ chmod +x dash
-jart@ubuntu:~$ ./dash
-run-detectors: unable to find an interpreter for ./dash
 ```
 
-You can fix that by registering APE with `binfmt_misc`:
+Then in the above scripts just replace `gcc` and `objcopy` with
+`x86_64-elf-gcc` and `x86_64-elf-objcopy` to compile your APE binary.
+
+### Windows
+
+If you're developing on Windows then you need to download an
+x86_64-pc-linux-gnu toolchain beforehand. See the [Compiling on
+Windows](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/windows-compiling.html)
+tutorial. It's needed because the ELF object format is what makes
+universal binaries possible.
+
+Cosmopolitan officially only builds on Linux. However, one highly
+experimental (and currently broken) thing you could try, is building the
+entire cosmo repository from source using the cross9 toolchain.
 
 ```sh
-sudo wget -O /usr/bin/ape https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/ape-$(uname -m).elf
+mkdir -p o/third_party
-sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/ape
+rm -rf o/third_party/gcc
-sudo sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"
+wget https://justine.lol/linux-compiler-on-windows/cross9.zip
-sudo sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"
+unzip cross9.zip
-```
+mv cross9 o/third_party/gcc
-
+build/bootstrap/make.com
-You should be good now. APE will not only work, it'll launch executables
-400µs faster now too. However if things still didn't work out, it's also
-possible to disable `binfmt_misc` as follows:
-
-```sh
-sudo sh -c 'echo -1 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/cli'     # remove Ubuntu's MZ interpreter
-sudo sh -c 'echo -1 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status'  # remove ALL binfmt_misc entries
-```
-
-### WSL
-
-It's normally unsafe to use APE in a WSL environment, because it tries
-to run MZ executables as WIN32 binaries within the WSL environment. In
-order to make it safe to use Cosmopolitan software on WSL, run this:
-
-```sh
-sudo sh -c "echo -1 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/WSLInterop"
 ```
 
 ## Discord Chatroom
@@ -249,16 +584,16 @@ server. You're welcome to join us! <https://discord.gg/FwAVVu7eJ4>
 
 ## Support Vector
 
-| Platform       | Min Version    | Circa |
+| Platform        | Min Version | Circa |
-| :---           | ---:           | ---:  |
+| :---            | ---:        | ---:  |
-| AMD            | K8             | 2003  |
+| AMD             | K8 Venus    | 2005  |
-| Intel          | Core           | 2006  |
+| Intel           | Core        | 2006  |
-| Linux          | 2.6.18         | 2007  |
+| Linux           | 2.6.18      | 2007  |
-| Windows        | 8 [1]          | 2012  |
+| Windows         | 8 [1]       | 2012  |
-| Darwin (macOS) | 23.1.0+        | 2023  |
+| Mac OS X        | 15.6        | 2018  |
-| OpenBSD        | 7.3 or earlier | 2023  |
+| OpenBSD         | 7           | 2021  |
-| FreeBSD        | 13             | 2020  |
+| FreeBSD         | 13          | 2020  |
-| NetBSD         | 9.2            | 2021  |
+| NetBSD          | 9.2         | 2021  |
 
 [1] See our [vista branch](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/tree/vista)
     for a community supported version of Cosmopolitan that works on Windows

ape/BUILD.mk

@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-#-*-mode:makefile-gmake;indent-tabs-mode:t;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-┐
-#── vi: set noet ft=make ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi ────────────────────┘
-#
-# OVERVIEW
-#
-#   αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   This file defines the libraries, runtimes, and build rules needed to
-#   create executables from your Linux workstation that'll run anywhere.
-#   Loading this package will make certain systemic modifications to the
-#   build like turning off the System V "Red Zone" optimization, because
-#   αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblεs need to be able to run in kernelspace.
-
-PKGS += APE
-
-APE_FILES := $(wildcard ape/*.*)
-APE_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(APE_FILES))
-APE_INCS = $(filter %.inc,$(APE_FILES))
-
-ifeq ($(ARCH), aarch64)
-
-APE = o/$(MODE)/ape/aarch64.lds
-
-APELINK =					\
-	$(COMPILE)				\
-	-ALINK.ape				\
-	$(LINK)					\
-	$(LINKARGS)				\
-	$(OUTPUT_OPTION) &&			\
-	$(COMPILE)				\
-	-AFIXUP.ape				\
-	-wT$@					\
-	$(FIXUPOBJ)				\
-	$@
-
-APE_SRCS = ape/ape.S ape/start.S ape/launch.S ape/systemcall.S
-APE_OBJS = o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o
-APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF = $(APE)
-APE_COPY_SELF = $(APE)
-
-.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
-o/$(MODE)/ape: $(APE)
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/aarch64.lds:			\
-	ape/aarch64.lds				\
-	libc/zip.h				\
-	libc/thread/tls.h			\
-	libc/calls/struct/timespec.h		\
-	libc/macros.h				\
-	libc/str/str.h
-
-APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS =				\
-	-pie					\
-	-static					\
-	-nostdlib				\
-	--no-dynamic-linker			\
-	-z norelro				\
-	-z common-page-size=0x4000		\
-	-z max-page-size=0x4000
-
-APE_LOADER_FLAGS =				\
-	-DNDEBUG				\
-	-iquote.				\
-	-Wall					\
-	-Wextra					\
-	-fpie					\
-	-Os					\
-	-ffreestanding				\
-	-mgeneral-regs-only			\
-	-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables		\
-	-fno-stack-protector			\
-	-fno-ident				\
-	-fno-gnu-unique				\
-	-c					\
-	 $(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
-	$<
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJCOPY -T$@ $(OBJCOPY) -g $< $@
-	@$(COMPILE) -AFIXUPOBJ -wT$@ $(FIXUPOBJ) $@
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg:			\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/start.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/launch.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/systemcall.o
-	@$(COMPILE) -ALINK.elf $(LD) $(APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(patsubst %.lds,-T %.lds,$^)
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o: ape/loader.c ape/ape.h
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=33 -g $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-o/$(MODE)/ape/start.o: ape/start.S
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
-o/$(MODE)/ape/launch.o: ape/launch.S
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
-o/$(MODE)/ape/systemcall.o: ape/systemcall.S
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
-
-.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
-o/$(MODE)/ape: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf
-
-else
-
-APE =	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o			\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds
-
-APELINK =					\
-	$(COMPILE)				\
-	-ALINK.ape				\
-	$(LINK)					\
-	$(LINKARGS)				\
-	$(OUTPUT_OPTION) &&			\
-	$(COMPILE)				\
-	-AFIXUP.ape				\
-	-wT$@					\
-	$(FIXUPOBJ)				\
-	$@
-
-APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF =				\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o
-
-APE_COPY_SELF =					\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o
-
-APE_LOADER_FLAGS =				\
-	-DNDEBUG				\
-	-iquote.				\
-	-Wall					\
-	-Wextra					\
-	-Werror					\
-	-pedantic-errors			\
-	-fpie					\
-	-Os					\
-	-ffreestanding				\
-	-mgeneral-regs-only			\
-	-fno-stack-protector			\
-	-fno-ident				\
-	-fno-gnu-unique				\
-	-c					\
-	 $(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
-	$<
-
-APE_SRCS_C = ape/loader.c
-APE_SRCS_S = $(filter %.S,$(APE_FILES))
-APE_SRCS = $(APE_SRCS_C) $(APE_SRCS_S)
-APE_OBJS = $(APE_SRCS_S:%.S=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
-APE_CHECKS = $(APE_HDRS:%=o/%.ok)
-
-o/ape/idata.inc:				\
-		ape/idata.internal.h		\
-		ape/relocations.h
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o:		\
-		ape/ape.S			\
-		ape/ape.h			\
-		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		ape/relocations.h		\
-		ape/ape.internal.h		\
-		libc/dce.h			\
-		libc/elf/def.h			\
-		libc/thread/tls.h		\
-		libc/macho.h			\
-		libc/macros.h			\
-		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
-		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h	\
-		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
-		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf
-	@$(COMPILE)				\
-		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
-		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
-		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)		\
-		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF		\
-		-DAPE_LOADER='"o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf"' $<
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o:			\
-		ape/ape.S			\
-		ape/ape.h			\
-		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		ape/relocations.h		\
-		ape/ape.internal.h		\
-		libc/dce.h			\
-		libc/elf/def.h			\
-		libc/thread/tls.h		\
-		libc/macho.h			\
-		libc/macros.h			\
-		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
-		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h	\
-		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
-		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h
-	@$(COMPILE)				\
-		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
-		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
-		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)		\
-		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF $<
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o: ape/loader.c
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121 -g $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-gcc.asm: ape/loader.c
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-clang.asm: ape/loader.c
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CLANG) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu.o: ape/loader.c
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -g $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu-gcc.asm: ape/loader.c
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu-clang.asm: ape/loader.c
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CLANG) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w $(OBJBINCOPY) -f -o $@ $<
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w $(OBJBINCOPY) -fm -o $@ $<
-
-APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS =				\
-	-static					\
-	-nostdlib				\
-	--no-dynamic-linker			\
-	-z separate-code			\
-	-z common-page-size=0x1000		\
-	-z max-page-size=0x10000
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg:			\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-macho.o	\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/start.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/launch.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/systemcall.o	\
-		ape/loader.lds
-	@$(COMPILE) -ALINK.elf $(LD) $(APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(patsubst %.lds,-T %.lds,$^)
-
-.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
-o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE_CHECKS)			\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho		\
-
-endif
-
-# these assembly files are safe to build on aarch64
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o:				\
-		ape/ape.S			\
-		ape/ape.h			\
-		libc/dce.h			\
-		libc/elf/def.h			\
-		ape/relocations.h		\
-		libc/thread/tls.h		\
-		ape/ape.internal.h		\
-		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		libc/macho.h			\
-		libc/macros.h			\
-		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
-		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
-		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
-		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
-		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
-
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:				\
-		ape/ape.lds			\
-		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		ape/relocations.h		\
-		ape/ape.internal.h		\
-		libc/thread/tls.h		\
-		libc/calls/struct/timespec.h	\
-		libc/thread/thread.h		\
-		libc/dce.h			\
-		libc/elf/def.h			\
-		libc/elf/pf2prot.internal.h	\
-		libc/macros.h			\
-		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
-		libc/str/str.h			\
-		libc/zip.h

ape/aarch64.lds

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 /*-*- mode: ld-script; indent-tabs-mode: nil; tab-width: 2; coding: utf-8   -*-│
-│ vi: set et sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                         :vi │
+│vi: set et sts=2 tw=2 fenc=utf-8                                           :vi│
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
 #include "libc/thread/tls.h"
 
 ENTRY(_start)
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-littleaarch64",
 
 SECTIONS {
 
-  . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x000800000000);
+  . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x010000000000);
   __executable_start = .;
   . += SIZEOF_HEADERS;
 
@@ -90,12 +89,10 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.ubsan.data)
   }
 
-  .notice : {
+  .comment : {
-    __notices = .;
+    __comment_start = .;
-    KEEP(*(.notice))
+    KEEP(*(.comment))
     BYTE(0);
-    BYTE(10);
-    BYTE(10);
   }
 
   .eh_frame_hdr : {
@@ -103,8 +100,10 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.eh_frame_entry .eh_frame_entry.*)
   }
 
-  __eh_frame_hdr_start = SIZEOF(.eh_frame_hdr) > 0 ? ADDR(.eh_frame_hdr) : 0;
+  .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RO {
-  __eh_frame_hdr_end = SIZEOF(.eh_frame_hdr) > 0 ? . : 0;
+    KEEP(*(.eh_frame))
+    *(.eh_frame.*)
+  }
 
   .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RO {
     *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
@@ -125,11 +124,9 @@ SECTIONS {
   . += CONSTANT(MAXPAGESIZE);
   . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN(CONSTANT(MAXPAGESIZE), CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE));
 
-  .eh_frame : {
+  .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RW {
-    __eh_frame_start = .;
     KEEP(*(.eh_frame))
     *(.eh_frame.*)
-    __eh_frame_end = .;
   }
 
   .gnu_extab : ONLY_IF_RW {
@@ -160,11 +157,8 @@ SECTIONS {
 
   .init_array : {
     __init_array_start = .;
-    KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
+    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
-    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*)
+    KEEP(*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
-           SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
-    KEEP(*(.init_array))
-    KEEP(*(.ctors))
     __init_array_end = .;
   }
 
@@ -259,9 +253,6 @@ SECTIONS {
   .debug_ranges       0 : { *(.debug_ranges) }
   .debug_macro        0 : { *(.debug_macro) }
   .debug_addr         0 : { *(.debug_addr) }
-  .debug_names        0 : { *(.debug_names) }
-  .debug_loclists     0 : { *(.debug_loclists) }
-  .debug_str_offsets  0 : { *(.debug_str_offsets) }
   .ARM.attributes     0 : { KEEP(*(.ARM.attributes)) KEEP(*(.gnu.attributes)) }
   .note.gnu.arm.ident 0 : { KEEP(*(.note.gnu.arm.ident)) }
 
@@ -289,13 +280,15 @@ SECTIONS {
 
 ape_stack_vaddr = DEFINED(ape_stack_vaddr) ? ape_stack_vaddr : 0x700000000000;
 ape_stack_memsz = DEFINED(ape_stack_memsz) ? ape_stack_memsz : 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-ape_stack_prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+ape_stack_align = DEFINED(ape_stack_align) ? ape_stack_align : 16;
+ape_stack_round = -ape_stack_align;
 
 _tls_size = _tbss_end - _tdata_start;
 _tdata_size = _tdata_end - _tdata_start;
 _tbss_size = _tbss_end - _tbss_start;
 _tbss_offset = _tbss_start - _tdata_start;
 _tls_content = (_tdata_end - _tdata_start) + (_tbss_end - _tbss_start);
-_tdata_align = ALIGNOF(.tdata);
+_tls_align = MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss));
-_tbss_align = ALIGNOF(.tbss);
+
-_tls_align = MAX(TLS_ALIGNMENT, MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss)));
+ASSERT(ALIGNOF(.tdata) <= TLS_ALIGNMENT && ALIGNOF(.tbss) <= TLS_ALIGNMENT,
+       "_Thread_local _Alignof can't exceed TLS_ALIGNMENT");

ape/ape.S

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 nofixeol                        :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -33,11 +33,12 @@
 │ αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε § program header                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "ape/macros.internal.h"
+#include "ape/notice.inc"
 #include "ape/relocations.h"
 #include "libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/elf/def.h"
-#include "libc/macho.h"
+#include "libc/macho.internal.h"
 #include "libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h"
 #include "libc/nt/pedef.internal.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/pc.internal.h"
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ ape_mz:
 	.quad	ape_elf_entry			//  18: e_entry
 	.quad	ape_elf_phoff			//  20: e_phoff
 	.quad	ape_elf_shoff			//  28: e_shoff
-	.long	0x101ca75			//  30: ape e_flags
+	.long	0				//  30: e_flags
 	.short	64				//  34: e_ehsize
 	.short	56				//  36: e_phentsize
 	.short	ape_elf_phnum			//  38: e_phnum
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ ape_disk:
 
 #ifdef APE_IS_SHELL_SCRIPT
 apesh:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"			// sixth edition shebang
-	.ascii	"m=$(uname -m 2>/dev/null) || m=x86_64\n"
+	.ascii	"m=\"$(uname -m)\"\n"
 
 	.ascii	"if [ \"$m\" = x86_64 ] || [ \"$m\" = amd64 ]; then\n"
 //	Until all operating systems can be updated to support APE,
@@ -669,7 +670,7 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"			// sixth edition shebang
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_entry,8		//  18: e_entry
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_phoff,8		//  20: e_phoff
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_shoff,8		//  28: e_shoff
-	.ascii	    "\\165\\312\\1\\1"		//  30: ape e_flags
+	.ascii	    "\\0\\0\\0\\0"		//  30: e_flags
 	.ascii	    "\\100\\0"			//  34: e_ehsize
 	.ascii	    "\\070\\0"			//  36: e_phentsize
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_phnum,2		//  38: e_phnum
@@ -699,10 +700,37 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"			// sixth edition shebang
 #endif /* APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF */
 	.ascii	  "exit $?\n"
 	.ascii	"fi\n"				// x86_64
-	.ascii	"echo error: this ape binary only supports x86_64 >&2\n"
+//	...
-	.ascii	"exit 1\n"
+//	decentralized section (.apesh)
+//	...
+	.ascii	"PHDRS='' <<'@'\n"
 	.endobj	apesh
 
+//	elf program headers get inserted here
+//	because they need to be in the first 4096 bytes
+        .section .emushprologue,"a",@progbits
+emush:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"
+	.ascii	"s=\"$(uname -s)\"\n"
+//	our script is running on a non-x86_64 architecture
+//	1. `dd` out the appropriate blink vm blob
+//	2. gunzip the blink virtual machine executable
+//	3. relaunch this program inside the blink vm
+	.ascii	"o=\"$(command -v \"$0\")\"\n"
+	.ascii	"e=\"${TMPDIR:-${HOME:-.}}/.ape-blink-1.0.0\"\n"
+	.previous
+//	...
+//	decentralized section (.emush)
+//	- __static_yoink("blink_linux_aarch64");  // for raspberry pi
+//	- __static_yoink("blink_xnu_aarch64");    // is apple silicon
+//	...
+        .section .emushepilogue,"a",@progbits
+	.ascii	"echo \"$0: this ape binary lacks $m support\" >&2\n"
+	.rept	16
+	.ascii	"exit 127\n"
+	.endr
+	.ascii	"exit 1\n"
+	.previous
+
 #ifdef APE_LOADER
         .section .ape.loader,"a",@progbits
 	.balign	64
@@ -720,8 +748,6 @@ ape_loader_end:
 #if SupportsSystemv() || SupportsMetal()
 	.section .elf.phdrs,"a",@progbits
 
-	.globl	ape_phdrs
-ape_phdrs:
 	.long	PT_LOAD
 	.long	PF_R|PF_X
 	.stub	ape_cod_offset,quad
@@ -761,7 +787,7 @@ ape_phdrs:
 	.quad	0
 	.quad	0
 	.quad	0
-	.quad	16
+	.stub	ape_stack_align,quad
 
 #if SupportsOpenbsd() || SupportsNetbsd()
 	.long	PT_NOTE
@@ -1036,7 +1062,7 @@ ape_pe:	.ascin	"PE",4
 	.quad	ape_pe_base		// ImageBase
 	.long	ape_pe_sectionalignment	// SectionAlignment
 	.long	ape_pe_filealignment	// FileAlignment
-	.short	10			// MajorOperatingSystemVersion
+	.short	v_ntversion		// MajorOperatingSystemVersion
 	.short	0			// MinorOperatingSystemVersion
 	.short	0			// MajorImageVersion
 	.short	0			// MinorImageVersion
@@ -1771,31 +1797,49 @@ kernel:	movabs	$ape_stack_vaddr,%rsp
 	.type	ape_text_nops,@object
 	.type	__test_end,@object
 
+	.section .commentprologue,"a",@progbits
+	.globl	__comment_start
+	.type	__comment_start,@object
+	.hidden	__comment_start
+__comment_start:/*
+	...
+	decentralized content
+	...
+	*/.previous
+	.section .commentepilogue,"a",@progbits
+	.byte	0
+	.previous
+
 	.section .ape.pad.head,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_head,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_head
 ape_pad_head:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .ape.pad.text,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_text,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_text
 ape_pad_text:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .ape.pad.privileged,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_privileged,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_privileged
 ape_pad_privileged:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .ape.pad.data,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_data,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_data
 ape_pad_data:
+	.previous
 
 #if SupportsWindows()
 	.section .idata.ro,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_idata_ro,@object
 	.hidden	ape_idata_ro
 ape_idata_ro:
+	.previous
 #endif /* SupportsWindows() */
 
 	.section .dataprologue,"aw",@progbits
@@ -1803,45 +1847,32 @@ ape_idata_ro:
 	.globl	__data_start
 	.hidden	__data_start
 __data_start:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .dataepilogue,"aw",@progbits
 	.type	__data_end,@object
 	.globl	__data_end
 	.hidden	__data_end
 __data_end:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .bssprologue,"aw",@nobits
 	.type	__bss_start,@object
 	.globl	__bss_start
 	.hidden	__bss_start
 __bss_start:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .bssepilogue,"aw",@nobits
 	.type	__bss_end,@object
 	.globl	__bss_end
 	.hidden	__bss_end
 __bss_end:
+	.previous
 
 	.section .fstls,"awT",@nobits
 	.align	TLS_ALIGNMENT
-
+	.previous
-	.section .notice,"aR",@progbits
-	.asciz	"\n\n\
-Cosmopolitan\n\
-Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney\n\
-\n\
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for\n\
-any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the\n\
-above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.\n\
-\n\
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL\n\
-WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED\n\
-WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n\
-AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n\
-DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR\n\
-PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER\n\
-TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\n\
-PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE."
 
 .end
 

ape/ape.h

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_APE_APE_H_
 
 #define APE_VERSION_MAJOR 1
-#define APE_VERSION_MINOR 10
+#define APE_VERSION_MINOR 8
 #define APE_VERSION_STR   APE_VERSION_STR_(APE_VERSION_MAJOR, APE_VERSION_MINOR)
 #define APE_VERSION_NOTE  APE_VERSION_NOTE_(APE_VERSION_MAJOR, APE_VERSION_MINOR)
 

ape/ape.lds

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode: ld-script; indent-tabs-mode: nil; tab-width: 2; coding: utf-8   -*-│
-│ vi: set et sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                         :vi │
+│vi: set et sts=2 tw=2 fenc=utf-8                                           :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ SECTIONS {
 
     /* Real Mode */
     KEEP(*(.head))
+    KEEP(*(.apesh))
     KEEP(*(.text.head))
 
     /* Executable & Linkable Format */
@@ -237,6 +238,10 @@ SECTIONS {
     KEEP(*(.elf.phdrs))
     ape_phdrs_end = .;
 
+    KEEP(*(.emushprologue))
+    KEEP(*(.emush))
+    KEEP(*(.emushepilogue))
+
     /* OpenBSD */
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
     ape_note = .;
@@ -282,9 +287,12 @@ SECTIONS {
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.init.*)))
     KEEP(*(.init))
     KEEP(*(.initepilogue))
+    KEEP(*(.pltprologue))
     *(.plt)
+    KEEP(*(.pltepilogue))
+    KEEP(*(.pltgotprologue))
     *(.plt.got)
-    *(.iplt)
+    KEEP(*(.pltgotepilogue))
     *(.text.startup .text.startup.*)
     *(.text.exit .text.exit.*)
     *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*)
@@ -293,6 +301,7 @@ SECTIONS {
     KEEP(*(.textwindowsprologue))
     *(.text.windows)
     KEEP(*(.textwindowsepilogue))
+    KEEP(*(.blink))
     *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.text.modernity))
     *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.text.modernity.*))
     *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.text.hot))
@@ -310,7 +319,7 @@ SECTIONS {
     . = ALIGN(__privileged_end > __privileged_start ? CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE) : 0);
 /*END: morphable code */
     __privileged_start = .;
-    *(.privileged .privileged.*)
+    *(.privileged)
     __privileged_end = .;
 
     KEEP(*(.ape.pad.text))
@@ -320,7 +329,7 @@ SECTIONS {
 
 /*BEGIN: Read Only Data */
 
-  .rodata ALIGN(CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE)) : {
+  .rodata . : {
     KEEP(*(.rodata.pytab.0));
     KEEP(*(.rodata.pytab.1));
     KEEP(*(.rodata.pytab.2));
@@ -329,16 +338,12 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.ubsan.types)
     *(.ubsan.data)
 
-    __eh_frame_hdr_start_actual = .;
-    *(.eh_frame_hdr)
-    __eh_frame_hdr_end_actual = .;
-
     /* Legal Notices */
-    __notices = .;
+#if !defined(IM_FEELING_NAUGHTY) || defined(EMBED_NOTICES)
-    KEEP(*(.notice))
+    KEEP(*(.commentprologue))
-    BYTE(0);
+    KEEP(*(.comment))
-    BYTE(10);
+    KEEP(*(.commentepilogue))
-    BYTE(10);
+#endif
 
 /*BEGIN: read-only data that's only needed for initialization */
 
@@ -386,13 +391,6 @@ SECTIONS {
     _tbss_end = .;
   } :Tls
 
-  .eh_frame : {
-    __eh_frame_start = .;
-    KEEP(*(.eh_frame))
-    *(.eh_frame.*)
-    __eh_frame_end = .;
-  } :Ram
-
   .data . : {
 /*BEGIN: Read/Write Data */
 #if SupportsWindows()
@@ -401,28 +399,26 @@ SECTIONS {
 /*BEGIN: NT FORK COPYING */
     KEEP(*(.dataprologue))
     *(.data .data.*)
-    *(.gnu_extab)
-    *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
-    *(.exception_ranges*)
     *(.PyRuntime) /* for python */
     *(.subrs) /* for emacs */
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.sort.data.*)))
     . += . > 0 ? CODE_GRANULE : 0;
 
-    . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
+    KEEP(*(.gotprologue))
-    __got_start = .;
     *(.got)
-    __got_end = .;
+    KEEP(*(.gotepilogue))
 
+    KEEP(*(.gotpltprologue))
     *(.got.plt)
+    KEEP(*(.gotpltepilogue))
 
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
     __init_array_start = .;
-    KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*)
            SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
-    KEEP(*(.init_array))
     KEEP(*(.ctors))
+    KEEP(*(.init_array))
+    KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
     __init_array_end = .;
 
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
@@ -439,7 +435,6 @@ SECTIONS {
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.piro.data.sort.*)))
     KEEP(*(.piro.pad.data))
-    *(.igot.plt)
     KEEP(*(.dataepilogue))
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE) : 0);
 /*END: NT FORK COPYING */
@@ -520,9 +515,6 @@ SECTIONS {
   .debug_rnglists    0 : { *(.debug_rnglists) }
   .debug_macro       0 : { *(.debug_macro) }
   .debug_addr        0 : { *(.debug_addr) }
-  .debug_names       0 : { *(.debug_names) }
-  .debug_loclists    0 : { *(.debug_loclists) }
-  .debug_str_offsets 0 : { *(.debug_str_offsets) }
   .gnu.attributes    0 : { KEEP(*(.gnu.attributes)) }
   .GCC.command.line  0 : { *(.GCC.command.line) }
 
@@ -541,9 +533,7 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.piro.data.sort.iat.*)
 #endif
     *(__patchable_function_entries)
-    *(.note.gnu.property)
     *(__mcount_loc)
-    *(.rela.dyn)
     *(.discard)
     *(.yoink)
   }
@@ -566,9 +556,7 @@ _tdata_size = _tdata_end - _tdata_start;
 _tbss_size = _tbss_end - _tbss_start;
 _tbss_offset = _tbss_start - _tdata_start;
 _tls_content = (_tdata_end - _tdata_start) + (_tbss_end - _tbss_start);
-_tdata_align = ALIGNOF(.tdata);
+_tls_align = 1;
-_tbss_align = ALIGNOF(.tbss);
-_tls_align = MAX(TLS_ALIGNMENT, MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss)));
 
 ape_cod_offset = 0;
 ape_cod_vaddr = ADDR(.head);
@@ -586,11 +574,11 @@ ape_rom_memsz = ape_rom_filesz;
 ape_rom_align = CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE);
 ape_rom_rva = RVA(ape_rom_vaddr);
 
-ape_ram_vaddr = ADDR(.eh_frame);
+ape_ram_vaddr = ADDR(.data);
 ape_ram_offset = ape_ram_vaddr - __executable_start;
-ape_ram_paddr = LOADADDR(.eh_frame);
+ape_ram_paddr = LOADADDR(.data);
-ape_ram_filesz = ADDR(.bss) - ADDR(.eh_frame);
+ape_ram_filesz = ADDR(.bss) - ADDR(.data);
-ape_ram_memsz = _end - ADDR(.eh_frame);
+ape_ram_memsz = _end - ADDR(.data);
 ape_ram_align = CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE);
 ape_ram_rva = RVA(ape_ram_vaddr);
 
@@ -600,7 +588,9 @@ ape_stack_offset = 0;
 ape_stack_vaddr = DEFINED(ape_stack_vaddr) ? ape_stack_vaddr : 0x700000000000;
 ape_stack_paddr = ape_ram_paddr + ape_ram_filesz;
 ape_stack_filesz = 0;
-ape_stack_memsz = DEFINED(ape_stack_memsz) ? ape_stack_memsz : 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+ape_stack_memsz = DEFINED(ape_stack_memsz) ? ape_stack_memsz : 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+ape_stack_align = DEFINED(ape_stack_align) ? ape_stack_align : 16;
+ape_stack_round = -ape_stack_align;
 
 ape_note_offset = ape_cod_offset + (ape_note - ape_cod_vaddr);
 ape_note_filesz = ape_note_end - ape_note;
@@ -614,9 +604,6 @@ ape_text_memsz = ape_text_filesz;
 ape_text_align = CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE);
 ape_text_rva = RVA(ape_text_vaddr);
 
-__eh_frame_hdr_start = __eh_frame_hdr_end_actual > __eh_frame_hdr_start_actual ? __eh_frame_hdr_start_actual : 0;
-__eh_frame_hdr_end = __eh_frame_hdr_end_actual > __eh_frame_hdr_start_actual ? __eh_frame_hdr_end_actual : 0;
-
 /* we roundup here because xnu wants the file load segments page-aligned */
 /* but we don't want to add the nop padding to the ape program, so we'll */
 /* let ape.S dd read past the end of the file into the wrapping binaries */
@@ -626,6 +613,29 @@ SHSTUB2(ape_loader_dd_count,
             ? ROUNDUP(ape_loader_end - ape_loader, CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE)) / 64
             : 0);
 
+#if defined(APE_IS_SHELL_SCRIPT) && !IsTiny()
+
+#define IDENTITY(X) X
+
+#define APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(F, X)                                                      \
+    X##_quad = DEFINED(X) ? ((F(X) < 1000000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 1000000000 % 10 + 48) << 000 | \
+                             (F(X) < 100000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 100000000 % 10 + 48) << 010 |   \
+                             (F(X) < 10000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 10000000 % 10 + 48) << 020 |     \
+                             (F(X) < 1000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 1000000 % 10 + 48) << 030 |       \
+                             (F(X) < 100000 ? 32 : F(X) / 100000 % 10 + 48) << 040 |         \
+                             (F(X) < 10000 ? 32 : F(X) / 10000 % 10 + 48) << 050 |           \
+                             (F(X) < 1000 ? 32 : F(X) / 1000 % 10 + 48) << 060 |             \
+                             (F(X) < 100 ? 32 : F(X) / 100 % 10 + 48) << 070) : 0;           \
+    X##_short = DEFINED(X) ? ((F(X) < 10 ? 32 : F(X) / 10 % 10 + 48) << 000 |                \
+                              (F(X) % 10 + 48) << 010) : 0
+
+APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(RVA,      blink_linux_aarch64);
+APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(IDENTITY, blink_linux_aarch64_size);
+APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(RVA,      blink_xnu_aarch64);
+APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(IDENTITY, blink_xnu_aarch64_size);
+
+#endif /* APE_IS_SHELL_SCRIPT */
+
 #if SupportsMetal()
 v_ape_realsectors = MIN(0x70000 - IMAGE_BASE_REAL, ROUNDUP(RVA(_ezip), 512)) / 512;
 v_ape_realbytes = v_ape_realsectors * 512;
@@ -729,6 +739,7 @@ ape_idataz = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_iat) : 0;
 ape_idata_iatsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_iatend - ape_idata_iat : 0;
 ape_idata = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_idt) : 0;
 ape_idata_idtsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_idtend - ape_idata_idt : 0;
+v_ntversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 1;
 v_ntdllchar = LINK_WINDOWS ? 288 : 0;
 v_ntsubversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 5;
 v_ntsubsystem = (LINK_WINDOWS

ape/ape.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+#-*-mode:makefile-gmake;indent-tabs-mode:t;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set et ft=make ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi───────────────────────┘
+#
+# OVERVIEW
+#
+#   αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This file defines the libraries, runtimes, and build rules needed to
+#   create executables from your Linux workstation that'll run anywhere.
+#   Loading this package will make certain systemic modifications to the
+#   build like turning off the System V "Red Zone" optimization, because
+#   αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblεs need to be able to run in kernelspace.
+
+PKGS += APE
+
+APE_FILES := $(wildcard ape/*.*)
+APE_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(APE_FILES))
+APE_INCS = $(filter %.inc,$(APE_FILES))
+
+ifeq ($(ARCH), aarch64)
+
+APE = o/$(MODE)/ape/aarch64.lds
+
+APELINK =					\
+	$(COMPILE)				\
+	-ALINK.ape				\
+	$(LINK)					\
+	$(LINKARGS)				\
+	$(OUTPUT_OPTION) &&			\
+	$(COMPILE)				\
+	-AFIXUP.ape				\
+	-wT$@					\
+	$(FIXUPOBJ)				\
+	$@
+
+APE_SRCS = ape/ape.S ape/start.S ape/launch.S ape/systemcall.S
+APE_OBJS = o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o
+APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF = $(APE)
+APE_COPY_SELF = $(APE)
+
+.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
+o/$(MODE)/ape: $(APE)
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/aarch64.lds:			\
+	ape/aarch64.lds				\
+	libc/zip.internal.h			\
+	libc/intrin/bits.h			\
+	libc/thread/tls.h			\
+	libc/calls/struct/timespec.h		\
+	libc/macros.internal.h			\
+	libc/str/str.h
+
+APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS =				\
+	-pie					\
+	-static					\
+	-nostdlib				\
+	--no-dynamic-linker			\
+	-z norelro				\
+	-z common-page-size=0x4000		\
+	-z max-page-size=0x4000
+
+APE_LOADER_FLAGS =				\
+	-DNDEBUG				\
+	-iquote.				\
+	-Wall					\
+	-Wextra					\
+	-fpie					\
+	-Os					\
+	-ffreestanding				\
+	-mgeneral-regs-only			\
+	-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables		\
+	-fno-stack-protector			\
+	-fno-ident				\
+	-fno-gnu-unique				\
+	-c					\
+	 $(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
+	$<
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
+	$(COMPILE) -AOBJCOPY -T$@ $(OBJCOPY) -g $< $@
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg:			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/start.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/launch.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/systemcall.o
+	@$(COMPILE) -ALINK.elf $(LD) $(APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(patsubst %.lds,-T %.lds,$^)
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o: ape/loader.c ape/ape.h
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=1 -g $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+o/$(MODE)/ape/start.o: ape/start.S
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
+o/$(MODE)/ape/launch.o: ape/launch.S
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
+o/$(MODE)/ape/systemcall.o: ape/systemcall.S
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
+
+.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
+o/$(MODE)/ape: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf
+
+else
+
+APE =	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o			\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds
+
+APELINK =					\
+	$(COMPILE)				\
+	-ALINK.ape				\
+	$(LINK)					\
+	$(LINKARGS)				\
+	$(OUTPUT_OPTION) &&			\
+	$(COMPILE)				\
+	-AFIXUP.ape				\
+	-wT$@					\
+	$(FIXUPOBJ)				\
+	$@
+
+APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF =				\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o
+
+APE_COPY_SELF =					\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o
+
+APE_LOADER_FLAGS =				\
+	-DNDEBUG				\
+	-iquote.				\
+	-Wall					\
+	-Wextra					\
+	-Werror					\
+	-pedantic-errors			\
+	-fpie					\
+	-Os					\
+	-ffreestanding				\
+	-mgeneral-regs-only			\
+	-fno-stack-protector			\
+	-fno-ident				\
+	-fno-gnu-unique				\
+	-c					\
+	 $(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
+	$<
+
+APE_SRCS_C = ape/loader.c
+APE_SRCS_S = $(filter %.S,$(APE_FILES))
+APE_SRCS = $(APE_SRCS_C) $(APE_SRCS_S)
+APE_OBJS = $(APE_SRCS_S:%.S=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
+APE_CHECKS = $(APE_HDRS:%=o/%.ok)
+
+o/ape/idata.inc:				\
+		ape/idata.internal.h		\
+		ape/relocations.h
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o:		\
+		ape/ape.S			\
+		ape/ape.h			\
+		ape/macros.internal.h		\
+		ape/notice.inc			\
+		ape/relocations.h		\
+		ape/ape.internal.h		\
+		libc/dce.h			\
+		libc/elf/def.h			\
+		libc/thread/tls.h		\
+		libc/intrin/asancodes.h		\
+		libc/macho.internal.h		\
+		libc/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
+		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h	\
+		libc/nexgen32e/vidya.internal.h	\
+		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
+		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
+		ape/blink-linux-aarch64.gz	\
+		ape/blink-xnu-aarch64.gz	\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf
+	@$(COMPILE)				\
+		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
+		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
+		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)		\
+		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF		\
+		-DAPE_LOADER='"o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf"' $<
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o:			\
+		ape/ape.S			\
+		ape/ape.h			\
+		ape/macros.internal.h		\
+		ape/notice.inc			\
+		ape/relocations.h		\
+		ape/ape.internal.h		\
+		libc/dce.h			\
+		libc/elf/def.h			\
+		libc/thread/tls.h		\
+		libc/intrin/asancodes.h		\
+		libc/macho.internal.h		\
+		libc/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
+		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h	\
+		libc/nexgen32e/vidya.internal.h	\
+		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
+		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
+		ape/blink-linux-aarch64.gz	\
+		ape/blink-xnu-aarch64.gz
+	@$(COMPILE)				\
+		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
+		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
+		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)		\
+		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF $<
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o: ape/loader.c
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121 -g $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-gcc.asm: ape/loader.c
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-clang.asm: ape/loader.c
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CLANG) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu.o: ape/loader.c
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -g $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu-gcc.asm: ape/loader.c
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CC) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu-clang.asm: ape/loader.c
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CLANG) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w build/bootstrap/objbincopy.com -f -o $@ $<
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w build/bootstrap/objbincopy.com -fm -o $@ $<
+
+APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS =				\
+	-static					\
+	-nostdlib				\
+	--no-dynamic-linker			\
+	-z separate-code			\
+	-z common-page-size=0x1000		\
+	-z max-page-size=0x10000
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg:			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-macho.o	\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/start.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/launch.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/systemcall.o	\
+		ape/loader.lds
+	@$(COMPILE) -ALINK.elf $(LD) $(APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(patsubst %.lds,-T %.lds,$^)
+
+.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
+o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE_CHECKS)			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o	\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o
+
+endif
+
+# these assembly files are safe to build on aarch64
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o: ape/ape.S
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o:				\
+		ape/blink-linux-aarch64.gz	\
+		ape/blink-xnu-aarch64.gz
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:				\
+		ape/ape.lds			\
+		ape/macros.internal.h		\
+		ape/relocations.h		\
+		ape/ape.internal.h		\
+		libc/intrin/bits.h		\
+		libc/thread/tls.h		\
+		libc/calls/struct/timespec.h	\
+		libc/thread/thread.h		\
+		libc/dce.h			\
+		libc/elf/def.h			\
+		libc/elf/pf2prot.internal.h	\
+		libc/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
+		libc/str/str.h			\
+		libc/zip.internal.h

ape/apeinstall.sh

@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-PROG=${0##*/}
-MODE=${MODE:-$m}
-TMPDIR=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
-COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
-COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
-
-if [ ! -f ape/loader.c ]; then
-  cd "$COSMO" || exit
-fi
-
-if [ -x .cosmocc/current/bin/make ]; then
-  MAKE=.cosmocc/current/bin/make
-else
-  MAKE=make
-fi
-
-if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
-  SUDO=
-elif command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  SUDO=sudo
-elif command -v doas >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  SUDO=doas
-else
-  echo "need root or sudo" >&2
-  exit
-fi
-
-if command -v install >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xLinux ]; then
-    INSTALL="install -o root -g root -m 755"
-  else
-    INSTALL="install -o root -g wheel -m 755"
-  fi
-else
-  INSTALL="cp -f"
-fi
-
-echo "Actually Portable Executable (APE) Installer" >&2
-echo "Author:  Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com>"  >&2
-
-# special installation process for apple silicon
-if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xDarwin ] && [ x"$(uname -m)" = xarm64 ]; then
-  echo "cc -O -o $TMPDIR/ape.$$ ape/ape-m1.c" >&2
-  cc -O -o "$TMPDIR/ape.$$" ape/ape-m1.c || exit
-  trap 'rm "$TMPDIR/ape.$$"' EXIT
-  if [ ! -d /usr/local/bin ]; then
-    echo "$SUDO mkdir -p /usr/local/bin" >&2
-    $SUDO mkdir -p /usr/local/bin || exit
-  fi
-  echo "$SUDO $INSTALL $TMPDIR/ape.$$ /usr/local/bin/ape" >&2
-  $SUDO $INSTALL "$TMPDIR/ape.$$" /usr/local/bin/ape || exit
-  exit
-fi
-
-if [ x"$(uname -m)" = xarm64 ] || [ x"$(uname -m)" = xaarch64 ]; then
-  MODE=aarch64
-  EXT=elf
-  BEXT=aarch64
-elif [ x"$(uname -m)" = xx86_64 ]; then
-  MODE=
-  if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xDarwin ]; then
-    EXT=macho
-  else
-    EXT=elf
-  fi
-  BEXT=$EXT
-else
-  echo "unsupported architecture $(uname -m)" >&2
-  exit
-fi
-
-################################################################################
-# INSTALL APE LOADER SYSTEMWIDE
-
-if [ -f o/$MODE/depend ] && $MAKE -j8 o/$MODE/ape; then
-  echo "successfully recompiled ape loader" >&2
-elif [ -x o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT ]; then
-  echo "using ape loader you compiled earlier" >&2
-elif [ -d build/bootstrap ]; then
-  # if make isn't being used then it's unlikely the user changed the sources
-  # in that case the prebuilt binaries should be completely up-to-date
-  echo "using prebuilt ape loader from cosmo repo" >&2
-  mkdir -p o/$MODE/ape || exit
-  cp -af build/bootstrap/ape.$BEXT o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT || exit
-else
-  echo "no cosmopolitan libc repository here" >&2
-  echo "fetching ape loader from justine.lol" >&2
-  mkdir -p o/$MODE/ape || exit
-  if command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    wget -qO o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT https://justine.lol/ape.$BEXT || exit
-  else
-    curl -Rso o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT https://justine.lol/ape.$BEXT || exit
-  fi
-  chmod +x o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT || exit
-fi
-
-if ! [ /usr/bin/ape -nt o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT ]; then
-  echo >&2
-  echo "installing o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT to /usr/bin/ape" >&2
-  echo "$SUDO $INSTALL o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT /usr/bin/ape" >&2
-  $SUDO $INSTALL o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT /usr/bin/ape || exit
-  echo "done" >&2
-fi
-
-################################################################################
-# REGISTER APE LOADER WITH BINFMT_MISC TOO (LINUX-ONLY)
-
-if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xLinux ]; then
-
-  if [ -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE ]; then
-    echo >&2
-    echo it looks like APE is already registered with binfmt_misc >&2
-    echo To reinstall please run ape/apeuninstall.sh first >&2
-    echo please check that it is mapped to ape not /bin/sh >&2
-    echo cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE >&2
-    cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE >&2
-    exit
-  fi
-
-  if ! [ -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc ]; then
-    echo >&2
-    echo loading binfmt_misc into your kernel >&2
-    echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
-    echo $SUDO modprobe binfmt_misc >&2
-    $SUDO modprobe binfmt_misc || exit
-    echo done >&2
-  fi
-
-  if ! [ -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register ]; then
-    echo >&2
-    echo mounting binfmt_misc into your kernel >&2
-    echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
-    echo $SUDO mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc >&2
-    $SUDO mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc || exit
-    echo done >&2
-  fi
-
-  uname_r="$(uname -r)"
-  if printf '%s\n%s\n' 5.12 "$uname_r" | sort -CV; then
-    FLAGS=FP
-  else
-    FLAGS=F
-  fi
-
-  echo >&2
-  echo registering APE with binfmt_misc >&2
-  echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
-  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:'"$FLAGS'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
-  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:$FLAGS' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
-  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:'"$FLAGS'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
-  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:$FLAGS' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
-  echo done >&2
-
-  if [ x"$(cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status)" = xdisabled ]; then
-    echo >&2
-    echo enabling binfmt_misc >&2
-    echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
-    echo $SUDO sh -c 'echo 1 >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status' >&2
-    $SUDO sh -c 'echo 1 >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status' || exit
-    echo done >&2
-  fi
-
-fi
-
-################################################################################
-
-{
-  echo
-  echo "------------------------------------------------------------------"
-  echo
-  echo "APE INSTALL COMPLETE"
-  echo
-  echo "If you decide to uninstall APE later on"
-  echo "you may do so using ape/apeuninstall.sh"
-  echo
-  echo "Enjoy your APE loader (>'.')>"
-  echo
-} >&2

ape/apeinstall.sh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../bin/ape-install

ape/apeuninstall.sh

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-PROG=${0##*/}
-MODE=${MODE:-$m}
-COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
-COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
-
-if [ ! -f ape/loader.c ]; then
-  cd "$COSMO" || exit
-fi
-
-if [ "$UID" = "0" ]; then
-  SUDO=
-elif command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  SUDO=sudo
-elif command -v doas >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  SUDO=doas
-else
-  echo "need root or sudo" >&2
-  exit
-fi
-
-{
-  echo
-  echo "APE Uninstaller intends to run (in pseudo-shell)"
-  echo
-  echo "    sudo echo -1 into /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE*"
-  echo "    sudo rm -f /usr/bin/ape ~/.ape /tmp/.ape # etc."
-  echo
-  echo "You may then use ape/apeinstall.sh to reinstall it"
-  echo
-} >&2
-
-set -ex
-for f in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE*; do
-  if [ -f $f ]; then
-    $SUDO sh -c "echo -1 >$f" || exit
-  fi
-done
-
-# system installation
-if [ -f /usr/bin/ape ]; then
-  $SUDO rm -f /usr/bin/ape
-fi
-if [ -f /usr/local/bin/ape ]; then
-  $SUDO rm -f /usr/local/bin/ape
-fi
-
-# legacy installations
-rm -f o/tmp/ape /tmp/ape "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/ape"
-
-# ad-hoc installations
-for x in .ape \
-         .ape-1.1 \
-         .ape-1.3 \
-         .ape-1.4 \
-         .ape-1.5 \
-         .ape-1.6 \
-         .ape-1.7 \
-         .ape-1.8 \
-         .ape-1.9 \
-         .ape-1.10; do
-  rm -f \
-     ~/$x \
-     /tmp/$x \
-     o/tmp/$x \
-     "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/$x"
-done

ape/apeuninstall.sh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../bin/ape-uninstall

ape/idata.internal.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │

ape/launch.S

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 
 //	Calls _start() function of loaded program.
 //
@@ -31,16 +31,17 @@
 //
 //	@param	rdi is passed through as-is
 //	@param	rsi is address of entrypoint (becomes zero)
-//	@param	rdx is passed through as-is
+//	@param	rdx is stack pointer (becomes zero)
 //	@param	rcx is passed through as-is
-//	@param	r8  is stack pointer (becomes zero)
 //	@noreturn
 Launch:
 #ifdef __aarch64__
 
 	mov	x16,x1
-	mov	sp,x4
+	mov	sp,x2
 	mov	x1,0
+	mov	x2,0
+	mov	x3,0
 	mov	x4,0
 	mov	x5,0
 	mov	x6,0
@@ -70,7 +71,6 @@ Launch:
 
 #else
 
-	mov	%r8,%rsp
 	xor	%r8d,%r8d
 	xor	%r9d,%r9d
 	xor	%r10d,%r10d
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ Launch:
 	xor	%r13d,%r13d
 	xor	%r14d,%r14d
 	xor	%r15d,%r15d
+	mov	%rdx,%rsp
+	xor	%edx,%edx
 	push	%rsi
 	xor	%esi,%esi
 	xor	%ebp,%ebp

ape/loader-macho.S

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macho.h"
+#include "libc/macho.internal.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
-#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 
 //	Apple Mach-O Executable Headers
-//	Fixups are applied by objbincopy
+//	Fixups are applied by objbincopy.com
 //	There must exist a MAC_LC_SEGMENT_64 for every PT_LOAD
 
 	.section .macho,"a",@progbits

ape/loader.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
-│ vi: set et ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                               :vi │
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -87,8 +87,6 @@
 #define MIN(X, Y) ((Y) > (X) ? (X) : (Y))
 #define MAX(X, Y) ((Y) < (X) ? (X) : (Y))
 
-#define PATH_MAX 1024 /* XXX verify */
-
 #define SupportsLinux()   (SUPPORT_VECTOR & LINUX)
 #define SupportsXnu()     (SUPPORT_VECTOR & XNU)
 #define SupportsFreebsd() (SUPPORT_VECTOR & FREEBSD)
@@ -113,47 +111,41 @@
 #define EXTERN_C
 #endif
 
-#define O_RDONLY                    0
+#define O_RDONLY           0
-#define PROT_NONE                   0
+#define PROT_NONE          0
-#define PROT_READ                   1
+#define PROT_READ          1
-#define PROT_WRITE                  2
+#define PROT_WRITE         2
-#define PROT_EXEC                   4
+#define PROT_EXEC          4
-#define MAP_SHARED                  1
+#define MAP_SHARED         1
-#define MAP_PRIVATE                 2
+#define MAP_PRIVATE        2
-#define MAP_FIXED                   16
+#define MAP_FIXED          16
-#define MAP_ANONYMOUS               (IsLinux() ? 32 : 4096)
+#define MAP_ANONYMOUS      (IsLinux() ? 32 : 4096)
-#define MAP_NORESERVE               (IsLinux() ? 16384 : 0)
+#define MAP_NORESERVE      (IsLinux() ? 16384 : 0)
-#define ELFCLASS32                  1
+#define ELFCLASS32         1
-#define ELFDATA2LSB                 1
+#define ELFDATA2LSB        1
-#define EM_NEXGEN32E                62
+#define EM_NEXGEN32E       62
-#define EM_AARCH64                  183
+#define EM_AARCH64         183
-#define ET_EXEC                     2
+#define ET_EXEC            2
-#define ET_DYN                      3
+#define ET_DYN             3
-#define PT_LOAD                     1
+#define PT_LOAD            1
-#define PT_DYNAMIC                  2
+#define PT_DYNAMIC         2
-#define PT_INTERP                   3
+#define PT_INTERP          3
-#define EI_CLASS                    4
+#define EI_CLASS           4
-#define EI_DATA                     5
+#define EI_DATA            5
-#define PF_X                        1
+#define PF_X               1
-#define PF_W                        2
+#define PF_W               2
-#define PF_R                        4
+#define PF_R               4
-#define AT_PHDR                     3
+#define AT_PHDR            3
-#define AT_PHENT                    4
+#define AT_PHENT           4
-#define AT_PHNUM                    5
+#define AT_PHNUM           5
-#define AT_PAGESZ                   6
+#define AT_PAGESZ          6
-#define AT_FLAGS                    8
+#define AT_EXECFN_LINUX    31
-#define AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0_BIT 0
+#define AT_EXECFN_NETBSD   2014
-#define AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0     (1 << AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0_BIT)
+#define X_OK               1
-#define AT_EXECFN_LINUX             31
+#define XCR0_SSE           2
-#define AT_EXECFN_NETBSD            2014
+#define XCR0_AVX           4
-#define X_OK                        1
+#define PR_SET_MM          35
-#define XCR0_SSE                    2
+#define PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE 13
-#define XCR0_AVX                    4
-#define PR_SET_MM                   35
-#define PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE          13
-
-#define EF_APE_MODERN      0x101ca75
-#define EF_APE_MODERN_MASK 0x1ffffff
 
 #define READ32(S)                                                      \
   ((unsigned)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (unsigned)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
@@ -169,6 +161,13 @@
    (unsigned long)(255 & (S)[1]) << 010 | \
    (unsigned long)(255 & (S)[0]) << 000)
 
+#define DEBUG(VAR)                          \
+  {                                         \
+    char ibuf[19] = {0};                    \
+    Utox(ibuf, VAR);                        \
+    Print(os, 2, ibuf, " " #VAR, "\n", 0l); \
+  }
+
 struct ElfEhdr {
   unsigned char e_ident[16];
   unsigned short e_type;
@@ -213,43 +212,39 @@ struct PathSearcher {
   const char *name;
   const char *syspath;
   unsigned long namelen;
-  char path[PATH_MAX];
+  char path[1024];
 };
 
 struct ApeLoader {
   union ElfPhdrBuf phdr;
   struct PathSearcher ps;
-  char path[PATH_MAX];
+  char path[1024];
 };
 
 EXTERN_C long SystemCall(long, long, long, long, long, long, long, int);
-EXTERN_C void Launch(void *, long, void *, int, void *)
+EXTERN_C void Launch(void *, long, void *, int) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
-    __attribute__((__noreturn__));
 
 extern char __executable_start[];
 extern char _end[];
 
 static unsigned long StrLen(const char *s) {
   unsigned long n = 0;
-  while (*s++)
+  while (*s++) ++n;
-    ++n;
   return n;
 }
 
 static int StrCmp(const char *l, const char *r) {
   unsigned long i = 0;
-  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i])
+  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i]) ++i;
-    ++i;
   return (l[i] & 255) - (r[i] & 255);
 }
 
-#if 0
+static const char *BaseName(const char *s) {
-
+  int c;
-static const char *StrRChr(const char *s, int c) {
+  const char *b = "";
-  const char *b = 0;
   if (s) {
-    for (; *s; ++s) {
+    while ((c = *s++)) {
-      if (*s == c) {
+      if (c == '/') {
         b = s;
       }
     }
@@ -257,13 +252,6 @@ static const char *StrRChr(const char *s, int c) {
   return b;
 }
 
-static const char *BaseName(const char *s) {
-  const char *b = StrRChr(s, '/');
-  return b ? b + 1 : s;
-}
-
-#endif
-
 static void Bzero(void *a, unsigned long n) {
   long z;
   char *p, *e;
@@ -338,7 +326,24 @@ static char *GetEnv(char **p, const char *s) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-static char *Utoa(char p[20], unsigned long x) {
+static char *Utox(char p[19], unsigned long x) {
+  int i;
+  if (x) {
+    *p++ = '0';
+    *p++ = 'x';
+    i = (__builtin_clzl(x) ^ (sizeof(long) * 8 - 1)) + 1;
+    i = (i + 3) & -4;
+    do {
+      *p++ = "0123456789abcdef"[(x >> (i -= 4)) & 15];
+    } while (i);
+  } else {
+    *p++ = '0';
+  }
+  *p = 0;
+  return p;
+}
+
+static char *Utoa(char p[21], unsigned long x) {
   char t;
   unsigned long i, a, b;
   i = 0;
@@ -358,8 +363,7 @@ static char *Utoa(char p[20], unsigned long x) {
 }
 
 static char *Itoa(char p[21], long x) {
-  if (x < 0)
+  if (x < 0) *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
-    *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
   return Utoa(p, x);
 }
 
@@ -368,8 +372,7 @@ __attribute__((__noinline__)) static long CallSystem(long arg1, long arg2,
                                                      long arg5, long arg6,
                                                      long arg7, int numba,
                                                      char os) {
-  if (IsXnu())
+  if (IsXnu()) numba |= 0x2000000;
-    numba |= 0x2000000;
   return SystemCall(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, numba);
 }
 
@@ -517,62 +520,10 @@ static long Print(int os, int fd, const char *s, ...) {
   return Write(fd, b, n, os);
 }
 
-static long Printf(int os, int fd, const char *fmt, ...) {
-  int i;
-  char c;
-  int k = 0;
-  unsigned u;
-  char b[512];
-  const char *s;
-  unsigned long d;
-  __builtin_va_list va;
-  __builtin_va_start(va, fmt);
-  for (;;) {
-    switch ((c = *fmt++)) {
-      case '\0':
-        __builtin_va_end(va);
-        return Write(fd, b, k, os);
-      case '%':
-        switch ((c = *fmt++)) {
-          case 's':
-            for (s = __builtin_va_arg(va, const char *); s && *s; ++s) {
-              if (k < 512)
-                b[k++] = *s;
-            }
-            break;
-          case 'd':
-            d = __builtin_va_arg(va, unsigned long);
-            for (i = 16; i--;) {
-              u = (d >> (i * 4)) & 15;
-              if (u < 10) {
-                c = '0' + u;
-              } else {
-                u -= 10;
-                c = 'a' + u;
-              }
-              if (k < 512)
-                b[k++] = c;
-            }
-            break;
-          default:
-            if (k < 512)
-              b[k++] = c;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-      default:
-        if (k < 512)
-          b[k++] = c;
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 static void Perror(int os, const char *thing, long rc, const char *reason) {
   char ibuf[21];
   ibuf[0] = 0;
-  if (rc)
+  if (rc) Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
-    Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
   Print(os, 2, "ape error: ", thing, ": ", reason,
         rc ? " failed w/ errno " : "", ibuf, "\n", 0l);
 }
@@ -584,10 +535,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Pexit(int os, const char *c, int rc,
 }
 
 static char AccessCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps, unsigned long pathlen) {
-  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
-    return 0;
+  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/') ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
-  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/')
-    ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
   MemMove(ps->path + pathlen, ps->name, ps->namelen);
   ps->path[pathlen + ps->namelen] = 0;
   return !Access(ps->path, X_OK, ps->os);
@@ -612,25 +561,45 @@ static char SearchPath(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
   }
 }
 
-static char *Commandv(struct PathSearcher *ps, int os, char *name,
+static char FindCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
+  ps->path[0] = 0;
+
+  /* paths are always 100% taken literally when a slash exists
+       $ ape foo/bar.com arg1 arg2 */
+  if (MemChr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen)) {
+    return AccessCommand(ps, 0);
+  }
+
+  /* we don't run files in the current directory
+       $ ape foo.com arg1 arg2
+     unless $PATH has an empty string entry, e.g.
+       $ expert PATH=":/bin"
+       $ ape foo.com arg1 arg2
+     however we will execute this
+       $ ape - foo.com foo.com arg1 arg2
+     because cosmo's execve needs it */
+  if (ps->literally && AccessCommand(ps, 0)) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /* otherwise search for name on $PATH */
+  return SearchPath(ps);
+}
+
+static char *Commandv(struct PathSearcher *ps, int os, const char *name,
                       const char *syspath) {
-  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name))))
-    return 0;
-  if (ps->literally || MemChr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen))
-    return name;
   ps->os = os;
   ps->syspath = syspath ? syspath : "/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin";
-  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name)))) return 0;
-    return 0;
+  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
-  ps->path[0] = 0;
+  if (FindCommand(ps)) {
-  if (SearchPath(ps)) {
     return ps->path;
   } else {
     return 0;
   }
 }
 
-__attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
+__attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, const char *exe, int fd,
                                                 long *sp, unsigned long pagesz,
                                                 struct ElfEhdr *e,
                                                 struct ElfPhdr *p) {
@@ -678,8 +647,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
       Pexit(os, exe, 0, "ELF segments overlap your APE loader");
     }
     for (j = i + 1; j < e->e_phnum; ++j) {
-      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
-        continue;
       c = p[j].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
       d = (p[j].p_vaddr + p[j].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
       if (MAX(a, c) < MIN(b, d)) {
@@ -712,8 +680,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
   if (e->e_type == ET_DYN) {
     rc = Mmap(0, virtmax - virtmin, PROT_NONE,
               MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE, -1, 0, os);
-    if (rc < 0)
+    if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "pie mmap");
-      Pexit(os, exe, rc, "pie mmap");
     dynbase = rc;
     if (dynbase & (pagesz - 1)) {
       Pexit(os, exe, 0, "OS mmap incongruent w/ AT_PAGESZ");
@@ -729,18 +696,14 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
   for (i = 0; i < e->e_phnum; ++i) {
     void *addr;
     unsigned long size;
-    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
-      continue;
 
     /* configure mapping */
     prot = 0;
     flags = MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R)
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R) prot |= PROT_READ;
-      prot |= PROT_READ;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W) prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W)
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X) prot |= PROT_EXEC;
-      prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X)
-      prot |= PROT_EXEC;
 
     if (p[i].p_filesz) {
       /* load from file */
@@ -767,21 +730,17 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
       addr = (void *)(dynbase + (p[i].p_vaddr & -pagesz));
       size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_filesz;
       rc = Mmap(addr, size, prot1, flags, fd, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz, os);
-      if (rc < 0)
+      if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mmap");
-        Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mmap");
+      if (wipe) Bzero((void *)(dynbase + a), wipe);
-      if (wipe)
-        Bzero((void *)(dynbase + a), wipe);
       if (prot2 != prot1) {
         rc = Mprotect(addr, size, prot2, os);
-        if (rc < 0)
+        if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
-          Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
       }
       /* allocate extra bss */
       if (c > b) {
         flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
         rc = Mmap((void *)(dynbase + b), c - b, prot, flags, -1, 0, os);
-        if (rc < 0)
+        if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
-          Pexit(os, exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
       }
     } else {
       /* allocate pure bss */
@@ -789,8 +748,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
       size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_memsz;
       flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
       rc = Mmap(addr, size, prot, flags, -1, 0, os);
-      if (rc < 0)
+      if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "bss mmap");
-        Pexit(os, exe, rc, "bss mmap");
     }
   }
 
@@ -799,11 +757,11 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
   Msyscall(dynbase + code, codesize, os);
 
   /* call program entrypoint */
-  Launch(IsFreebsd() ? sp : 0, dynbase + e->e_entry, exe, os, sp);
+  Launch(IsFreebsd() ? sp : 0, dynbase + e->e_entry, sp, os);
 }
 
 static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
-                          char *exe, int fd, long *sp, long *auxv,
+                          const char *exe, int fd, long *sp, long *auxv,
                           unsigned long pagesz, int os) {
   long i, rc;
   unsigned size;
@@ -811,8 +769,7 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
   struct ElfPhdr *p;
 
   /* validate page size */
-  if (!pagesz)
+  if (!pagesz) pagesz = 4096;
-    pagesz = 4096;
   if (pagesz & (pagesz - 1)) {
     Pexit(os, exe, 0, "AT_PAGESZ isn't two power");
   }
@@ -837,10 +794,6 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
     return "couldn't find ELF header with x86-64 machine type";
   }
 #endif
-  if ((e->e_flags & EF_APE_MODERN_MASK) != EF_APE_MODERN && sp[0] > 0) {
-    /* change argv[0] to resolved path for older binaries */
-    ((char **)(sp + 1))[0] = exe;
-  }
   if (e->e_phentsize != sizeof(struct ElfPhdr)) {
     Pexit(os, exe, 0, "e_phentsize is wrong");
   }
@@ -851,10 +804,8 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
 
   /* read program headers */
   rc = Pread(fd, M->phdr.buf, size, e->e_phoff, os);
-  if (rc < 0)
+  if (rc < 0) return "failed to read ELF program headers";
-    return "failed to read ELF program headers";
+  if (rc != size) return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
-  if (rc != size)
-    return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
 
   /* bail on recoverable program header errors */
   p = &M->phdr.phdr;
@@ -934,13 +885,18 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void ShowUsage(int os, int fd, int rc) {
         "NAME\n"
         "\n"
         "  actually portable executable loader version " APE_VERSION_STR "\n"
-        "  copyrights 2024 justine alexandra roberts tunney\n"
+        "  copyright 2023 justine alexandra roberts tunney\n"
         "  https://justine.lol/ape.html\n"
         "\n"
         "USAGE\n"
         "\n"
-        "  ape   PROG [ARGV1,ARGV2,...]\n"
+        "  ape [FLAGS]   PROG [ARGV1,ARGV2,...]\n"
-        "  ape - PROG [ARGV0,ARGV1,...]\n"
+        "  ape [FLAGS] - PROG [ARGV0,ARGV1,...]\n"
+        "\n"
+        "FLAGS\n"
+        "\n"
+        "  -h     show this help\n"
+        "  -f     force loading of program (do not use execve)\n"
         "\n",
         0l);
   Exit(rc, os);
@@ -950,16 +906,16 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
                                                       char dl) {
   int rc, n;
   unsigned i;
+  char literally;
   const char *ape;
   int c, fd, os, argc;
   struct ApeLoader *M;
-  char arg0, literally;
   unsigned long pagesz;
   union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf;
   long *auxv, *ap, *endp, *sp2;
   char *p, *pe, *exe, *prog, **argv, **envp;
 
-  (void)Printf;
+  (void)Utox;
 
   /* detect freebsd */
   if (SupportsXnu() && dl == XNU) {
@@ -984,30 +940,20 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
 
   /* determine ape loader program name */
   ape = argv[0];
-  if (!ape)
+  if (!ape) ape = "ape";
-    ape = "ape";
 
   /* detect openbsd */
   if (SupportsOpenbsd() && !os && !auxv[0]) {
     os = OPENBSD;
   }
 
-  /* xnu passes auxv as an array of strings */
-  if (os == XNU) {
-    *auxv = 0;
-  }
-
   /* detect netbsd and find end of words */
   pagesz = 0;
-  arg0 = 0;
   for (ap = auxv; ap[0]; ap += 2) {
     if (ap[0] == AT_PAGESZ) {
       pagesz = ap[1];
     } else if (SupportsNetbsd() && !os && ap[0] == AT_EXECFN_NETBSD) {
       os = NETBSD;
-    } else if (SupportsLinux() && ap[0] == AT_FLAGS) {
-      // TODO(mrdomino): maybe set/insert this when we are called as "ape -".
-      arg0 = !!(ap[1] & AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0);
     }
   }
   if (!pagesz) {
@@ -1020,13 +966,22 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
     os = LINUX;
   }
 
+  /* parse flags */
+  while (argc > 1) {
+    if (argv[1][0] != '-') break; /* normal argument */
+    if (!argv[1][1]) break;       /* hyphen argument */
+    if (!StrCmp(argv[1], "-h") || !StrCmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
+      ShowUsage(os, 1, 0);
+    } else {
+      Print(os, 2, ape, ": invalid flag (pass -h for help)\n", 0l);
+      Exit(1, os);
+    }
+    *++sp = --argc;
+    ++argv;
+  }
+
   /* we can load via shell, shebang, or binfmt_misc */
-  if (arg0) {
+  if ((literally = argc >= 3 && !StrCmp(argv[1], "-"))) {
-    literally = 1;
-    prog = (char *)sp[2];
-    argc = sp[2] = sp[0] - 2;
-    argv = (char **)((sp += 2) + 1);
-  } else if ((literally = argc >= 3 && !StrCmp(argv[1], "-"))) {
     /* if the first argument is a hyphen then we give the user the
        power to change argv[0] or omit it entirely. most operating
        systems don't permit the omission of argv[0] but we do, b/c
@@ -1035,13 +990,9 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
     argc = sp[3] = sp[0] - 3;
     argv = (char **)((sp += 3) + 1);
   } else if (argc < 2) {
-    ShowUsage(os, 2, 1);
+    Print(os, 2, ape, ": missing command name (pass -h for help)\n", 0l);
+    Exit(1, os);
   } else {
-    if (argv[1][0] == '-') {
-      rc = !((argv[1][1] == 'h' && !argv[1][2]) ||
-             !StrCmp(argv[1] + 1, "-help"));
-      ShowUsage(os, 1 + rc, rc);
-    }
     prog = (char *)sp[2];
     argc = sp[1] = sp[0] - 1;
     argv = (char **)((sp += 1) + 1);
@@ -1057,8 +1008,7 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
      grows down the alloc by poking the guard pages */
   n = (endp - sp + 1) * sizeof(long);
   sp2 = (long *)__builtin_alloca(n);
-  if ((long)sp2 & 15)
+  if ((long)sp2 & 15) ++sp2;
-    ++sp2;
   for (; n > 0; n -= pagesz) {
     ((char *)sp2)[n - 1] = 0;
   }
@@ -1087,6 +1037,12 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
   }
   pe = ebuf->buf + rc;
 
+  /* change argv[0] to resolved path if it's ambiguous */
+  if (argc > 0 && ((*prog != '/' && *exe == '/' && !StrCmp(prog, argv[0])) ||
+                   !StrCmp(BaseName(prog), argv[0]))) {
+    argv[0] = exe;
+  }
+
   /* ape intended behavior
      1. if ape, will scan shell script for elf printf statements
      2. shell script may have multiple lines producing elf headers

ape/loader.lds

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode: ld-script; indent-tabs-mode: nil; tab-width: 2; coding: utf-8   -*-│
-│ vi: set et sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                         :vi │
+│vi: set et sts=2 tw=2 fenc=utf-8                                           :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │

ape/macros.internal.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -18,10 +18,123 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #ifndef APE_MACROS_H_
 #define APE_MACROS_H_
-#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 #ifdef __ASSEMBLER__
 /* clang-format off */
 
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Macros relevant to αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε.
+ */
+
+//	Calls near (i.e. pc+pcrel<64kB) FUNCTION.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+//	@cost	9 bytes overhead
+.macro	rlcall	function:req
+	.byte	0x50                   	# push %[er]ax
+	.byte	0xb8,0,0		# mov $?,%[e]ax
+	jmp	911f
+	.byte	0x58                   	# pop %[er]ax
+	.byte	0xe8			# call Jvds
+	.long	\function\()-.-4
+	jmp	912f
+911:	.byte	0x58                   	# pop %[er]ax
+	.byte	0xe8			# call Jvds
+	.short	\function\()-.-2
+912:
+.endm
+
+//	Loads far (i.e. <1mb) abs constexpr ADDRESS into ES:DI+EDX+RDX.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	movesdi	address:req
+	.byte	0xbf			# mov $0x????xxxx,%[e]di
+	.short	\address>>4
+	.byte	0x8e,0xc7		# mov %di,%es
+	.byte	0xbf			# mov $0x????xxxx,%[e]di
+	.short	\address&0xf
+	jmp	297f
+	.byte	0xbf			# mov $0x????xxxx,%edi
+	.long	\address
+297:
+.endm
+
+//	Loads 16-bit CONSTEXPR into Qw-register w/ optional zero-extend.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	bbmov	constexpr:req abcd abcd.hi:req abcd.lo:req
+ .ifnb	\abcd
+  .if	(\constexpr)<128 && (\constexpr)>=0
+	pushpop	\constexpr,\abcd
+   .exitm
+  .endif
+ .endif
+	movb	$(\constexpr)>>8&0xff,\abcd.hi
+	movb	$(\constexpr)&0xff,\abcd.lo
+.endm
+
+//	Compares 16-bit CONSTEXPR with Qw-register.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	bbcmp	constexpr:req abcd.hi:req abcd.lo:req
+	cmpb	$(\constexpr)>>8&0xff,\abcd.hi
+	jnz	387f
+	cmpb	$(\constexpr)&0xff,\abcd.lo
+387:
+.endm
+
+//	Adds 16-bit CONSTEXPR to Qw-register.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	bbadd	constexpr:req abcd.hi:req abcd.lo:req
+	addb	$(\constexpr)&0xff,\abcd.lo
+ .if	(\constexpr) != 0
+	adcb	$(\constexpr)>>8&0xff,\abcd.hi
+ .endif
+.endm
+
+//	Subtracts 16-bit CONSTEXPR from Qw-register.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	bbsub	constexpr:req abcd.hi:req abcd.lo:req
+	subb	$(\constexpr)&0xff,\abcd.lo
+ .if	(\constexpr) != 0
+	sbbb	$(\constexpr)>>8&0xff,\abcd.hi
+ .endif
+.endm
+
+//	Ands Qw-register with 16-bit CONSTEXPR.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	bband	constexpr:req abcd.hi:req abcd.lo:req
+ .if	((\constexpr)&0xff) != 0xff || ((\constexpr)>>8&0xff) == 0xff
+	andb	$(\constexpr)&0xff,\abcd.lo
+ .endif
+ .if	((\constexpr)>>8&0xff) != 0xff
+	andb	$(\constexpr)>>8&0xff,\abcd.hi
+ .endif
+.endm
+
+//	Ors Qw-register with 16-bit CONSTEXPR.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	bbor	constexpr:req abcd.hi:req abcd.lo:req
+ .if	((\constexpr)&0xff) != 0 || ((\constexpr)>>8&0xff) != 0
+	orb	$(\constexpr)&0xff,\abcd.lo
+ .endif
+ .if	((\constexpr)>>8&0xff) != 0
+	orb	$(\constexpr)>>8&0xff,\abcd.hi
+ .endif
+.endm
+
+//	Performs ACTION only if in real mode.
+//	@mode	long,legacy,real
+.macro	rlo	clobber:req action:vararg
+990:	mov	$0,\clobber
+	.if	.-990b!=3
+	.error	"bad clobber or assembler mode"
+	.endif
+991:	\action
+	.rept	2-(.-991b)
+	nop
+	.endr
+	.if	.-991b!=2
+	.error	"ACTION must be 1-2 bytes"
+	.endif
+.endm
+
 //	Initializes real mode stack.
 //	The most holiest of holy code.
 //	@mode	real
@@ -84,10 +197,9 @@
 /* clang-format on */
 #elif defined(__LINKER__)
 
-#define BCX_NIBBLE(X) \
+#define BCX_NIBBLE(X) ((((X)&0xf) > 0x9) ? ((X)&0xf) + 0x37 : ((X)&0xf) + 0x30)
-  ((((X) & 0xf) > 0x9) ? ((X) & 0xf) + 0x37 : ((X) & 0xf) + 0x30)
+#define BCX_OCTET(X)  ((BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 4) << 8) | (BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 0) << 0))
-#define BCX_OCTET(X) ((BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 4) << 8) | (BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 0) << 0))
+#define BCX_INT16(X)  ((BCX_OCTET((X) >> 8) << 16) | (BCX_OCTET((X) >> 0) << 0))
-#define BCX_INT16(X) ((BCX_OCTET((X) >> 8) << 16) | (BCX_OCTET((X) >> 0) << 0))
 #define BCXSTUB(SYM, X)                      \
   HIDDEN(SYM##_bcx0 = BCX_INT16((X) >> 48)); \
   HIDDEN(SYM##_bcx1 = BCX_INT16((X) >> 32)); \
@@ -99,12 +211,12 @@
  *
  * <p>This allows linker scripts to generate printf commands.
  */
-#define BCO_OCTET(X) (((X) & 0x7) + 0x30)
+#define BCO_OCTET(X) (((X)&0x7) + 0x30)
 #define BCOB_UNIT(X)                                           \
   ((BCO_OCTET((X) >> 0) << 24) | (BCO_OCTET((X) >> 3) << 16) | \
-   (BCO_OCTET(((X) & 0xff) >> 6) << 8) | 0x5c)
+   (BCO_OCTET(((X)&0xff) >> 6) << 8) | 0x5c)
 
-#define PFBYTE(SYM, X, I) HIDDEN(SYM##_bcs##I = BCOB_UNIT((X) >> ((I) * 8)))
+#define PFBYTE(SYM, X, I) HIDDEN(SYM##_bcs##I = BCOB_UNIT((X) >> ((I)*8)))
 #define PFSTUB2(SYM, X) \
   HIDDEN(SYM = (X));    \
   PFBYTE(SYM, X, 0);    \
@@ -141,16 +253,23 @@
    : (X) < 10000000  ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 1000))  \
    : (X) < 100000000 ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 10000)) \
                      : 0xffffffffffffffff)
-#define BCD_RIGHT(X)                                                   \
+#define BCD_RIGHT(X) \
-  (((X)) < 10000    ? 0x20202020                                       \
+  (((X)) < 10000     ? 0x20202020                  \
-   : (X) < 100000   ? 0x20202030 + (X) % 10                            \
+   : (X) < 100000    ? 0x20202030 +                \
-   : (X) < 1000000  ? 0x20203030 + ((X) / 10) % 10 + (X) % 10 * 0x100  \
+                       (X) % 10                    \
-   : (X) < 10000000 ? 0x20303030 + ((X) / 100) % 10 +                  \
+   : (X) < 1000000   ? 0x20203030 +                \
-                          ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x100 + (X) % 10 * 0x10000 \
+                       ((X) / 10) % 10 +           \
-   : (X) < 100000000                                                   \
+                       (X) % 10 * 0x100            \
-       ? 0x30303030 + ((X) / 1000) % 10 + ((X) / 100) % 10 * 0x100 +   \
+   : (X) < 10000000  ? 0x20303030 +                \
-             ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x10000 + (X) % 10 * 0x1000000          \
+                       ((X) / 100) % 10 +          \
-       : 0xffffffffffffffff)
+                       ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x100 +   \
+                       (X) % 10 * 0x10000          \
+   : (X) < 100000000 ? 0x30303030 +                \
+                       ((X) / 1000) % 10 +         \
+                       ((X) / 100) % 10 * 0x100 +  \
+                       ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x10000 + \
+                       (X) % 10 * 0x1000000        \
+                     : 0xffffffffffffffff)
 
 /**
  * Laying out the GDT entries for a TSS for bare metal operation.
@@ -159,11 +278,15 @@
   HIDDEN(SYM##_desc_ent0 = TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)); \
   HIDDEN(SYM##_desc_ent1 = TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE));      \
   ASSERT((LIM) >= 0 && (LIM) <= 0xffff, "bare metal TSS is suspiciously fat")
-#define TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)                                              \
+#define TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)                \
-  (((LIM) << 0 & 0x000000000000ffff) | ((BASE) << 16 & 0x000000ffffff0000) | \
+  (((LIM)        <<  0 & 0x000000000000ffff) | \
-   0x89 << 40 | ((LIM) >> 16 << 48 & 0x000f000000000000) | 0x2 << 52 |       \
+   ((BASE)       << 16 & 0x000000ffffff0000) | \
+    0x89         << 40                       | \
+   ((LIM)  >> 16 << 48 & 0x000f000000000000) | \
+    0x2          << 52                       | \
    ((BASE) >> 24 << 56 & 0xff00000000000000))
-#define TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE) ((BASE) >> 32 << 0 & 0x00000000ffffffff)
+#define TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE)                     \
+   ((BASE) >> 32 <<  0 & 0x00000000ffffffff)
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLER__ */
 #endif /* APE_MACROS_H_ */

ape/sections.internal.h

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_APE_SECTIONS_INTERNAL_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_APE_SECTIONS_INTERNAL_H_
+#if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
 
-extern const char __notices[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern const char __comment_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __executable_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __privileged_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _ehead[] __attribute__((__weak__));
@@ -16,17 +17,13 @@ extern unsigned char _tdata_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tbss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tbss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tls_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char _tdata_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char _tbss_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __test_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __ro[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char __data_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern uint8_t __data_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char __data_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern uint8_t __data_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char __bss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern uint8_t __bss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char __bss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern uint8_t __bss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned long __got_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned long __got_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern unsigned char ape_phdrs[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_END_
+#endif /* !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0) */
 #endif /* COSMOPOLITAN_APE_SECTIONS_INTERNAL_H_ */

ape/specification.md

@@ -1,703 +0,0 @@
-# Actually Portable Executable Specification v0.1
-
-Actually Portable Executable (APE) is an executable file format that
-polyglots the Windows Portable Executable (PE) format with a UNIX Sixth
-Edition style shell script that doesn't have a shebang. This makes it
-possible to produce a single file binary that executes on the stock
-installations of the many OSes and architectures.
-
-## Supported OSes and Architectures
-
-- AMD64
-  - Linux
-  - MacOS
-  - Windows
-  - FreeBSD
-  - OpenBSD
-  - NetBSD
-  - BIOS
-
-- ARM64
-  - Linux
-  - MacOS
-  - FreeBSD
-  - Windows (non-native)
-
-## File Header
-
-APE defines three separate file magics, all of which are 8 characters
-long. Any file that starts with one of these magic values can be
-considered an APE program.
-
-### (1) APE MZ Magic
-
-- ASCII: `MZqFpD='`
-- Hex: 4d 5a 71 46 70 44 3d 27
-
-This is the canonical magic used by almost all APE programs. It enables
-maximum portability between OSes. When interpreted as a shell script, it
-is assigning a single quoted string to an unused variable. The shell
-will then ignore subsequent binary content that's placed inside the
-string.
-
-It is strongly recommended that this magic value be immediately followed
-by a newline (\n or hex 0a) character. Some shells, e.g. FreeBSD SH and
-Zsh impose a binary safety check before handing off files that don't
-have a shebang to `/bin/sh`. That check applies to the first line, which
-can't contain NUL characters.
-
-The letters were carefully chosen so as to be valid x86 instructions in
-all operating modes. This makes it possible to store a BIOS bootloader
-disk image inside an APE binary. For example, simple CLI programs built
-with Cosmopolitan Libc will boot from BIOS into long mode if they're
-treated as a floppy disk image.
-
-The letters also allow for the possibility of being treated on x86-64 as
-a flat executable, where the PE / ELF / Mach-O executable structures are
-ignored, and execution simply begins at the beginning of the file,
-similar to how MS-DOS .COM binaries work.
-
-The 0x4a relative offset of the magic causes execution to jump into the
-MS-DOS stub defined by Portable Executable. APE binaries built by Cosmo
-Libc use tricks in the MS-DOS stub to check the operating mode and then
-jump to the appropriate entrypoint, e.g. `_start()`.
-
-#### Decoded as i8086
-
-```asm
-  dec  %bp
-  pop  %dx
-  jno  0x4a
-  jo   0x4a
-```
-
-#### Decoded as i386
-
-```asm
-  push %ebp
-  pop  %edx
-  jno  0x4a
-  jo   0x4a
-```
-
-#### Decoded as x86-64
-
-```asm
-  rex.WRB
-  pop %r10
-  jno 0x4a
-  jo  0x4a
-```
-
-### (2) APE UNIX-Only Magic
-
-- ASCII: `jartsr='`
-- Hex: 6a 61 72 74 73 72 3d 27
-
-Being a novel executable format that was first published in 2020, the
-APE file format is less understood by industry tools compared to the PE,
-ELF, and Mach-O executable file formats, which have been around for
-decades. For this reason, APE programs that use the MZ magic above can
-attract attention from Windows AV software, which may be unwanted by
-developers who aren't interested in targeting the Windows platform.
-Therefore the `jartsr='` magic is defined which enables the creation of
-APE binaries that can safely target all non-Windows platforms. Even
-though this magic is less common, APE interpreters and binfmt-misc
-installations MUST support this.
-
-It is strongly recommended that this magic value be immediately followed
-by a newline (\n or hex 0a) character. Some shells, e.g. FreeBSD SH and
-Zsh impose a binary safety check before handing off files that don't
-have a shebang to `/bin/sh`. That check applies to the first line, which
-can't contain NUL characters.
-
-The letters were carefully chosen so as to be valid x86 instructions in
-all operating modes. This makes it possible to store a BIOS bootloader
-disk image inside an APE binary. For example, simple CLI programs built
-with Cosmopolitan Libc will boot from BIOS into long mode if they're
-treated as a floppy disk image.
-
-The letters also allow for the possibility of being treated on x86-64 as
-a flat executable, where the PE / ELF / Mach-O executable structures are
-ignored, and execution simply begins at the beginning of the file,
-similar to how MS-DOS .COM binaries work.
-
-The 0x78 relative offset of the magic causes execution to jump into the
-MS-DOS stub defined by Portable Executable. APE binaries built by Cosmo
-Libc use tricks in the MS-DOS stub to check the operating mode and then
-jump to the appropriate entrypoint, e.g. `_start()`.
-
-#### Decoded as i8086 / i386 / x86-64
-
-```asm
-  push $0x61
-  jb   0x78
-  jae  0x78
-```
-
-### (3) APE Debug Magic
-
-- ASCII: `APEDBG='`
-- Hex: 41 50 45 44 42 47 3d 27
-
-While APE files must be valid shell scripts, in practice, UNIX systems
-will oftentimes be configured to provide a faster safer alternative to
-loading an APE binary through `/bin/sh`. The Linux Kernel can be patched
-to have execve() recognize the APE format and directly load its embedded
-ELF header. Linux systems can also use binfmt-misc to recognize APE's MZ
-and jartsr magic, and pass them to a userspace program named `ape` that
-acts as an interpreter. In such environments, the need sometimes arises
-to be able to test that the `/bin/sh` is working correctly, in which
-case the `APEDBG='` magic is RECOMMENDED.
-
-APE interpreters, execve() implementations, and binfmt-misc installs
-MUST ignore this magic. If necessary, steps can be taken to help files
-with this magic be passed to `/bin/sh` like a normal shebang-less shell
-script for execution.
-
-## Embedded ELF Header
-
-APE binaries MAY embed an ELF header inside them. Unlike conventional
-executable file formats, this header is not stored at a fixed offset.
-It's instead encoded as octal escape codes in a shell script `printf`
-statement. For example:
-
-```
-printf '\177ELF\2\1\1\011\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\0\076\0\1\0\0\0\166\105\100\000\000\000\000\000\060\013\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\165\312\1\1\100\0\070\0\005\000\0\0\000\000\000\000'
-```
-
-This `printf` statement MUST appear in the first 8192 bytes of the APE
-executable, so as to limit how much of the initial portion of a file an
-interpreter must load.
-
-Multiple such `printf` statements MAY appear in the first 8192 bytes, in
-order to specify multiple architectures. For example, fat binaries built
-by the `apelink` program (provided by Cosmo Libc) will have two encoded
-ELF headers, for AMD64 and ARM64, each of which point into the proper
-file offsets for their respective native code. Therefore, kernels and
-interpreters which load the APE format directly MUST check the
-`e_machine` field of the `Elf64_Ehdr` that's decoded from the octal
-codes, before accepting a `printf` shell statement as valid.
-
-These printf statements MUST always use only unescaped ASCII characters
-or octal escape codes. These printf statements MUST NOT use space saving
-escape codes such as `\n`. For example, rather than saying `\n` it would
-be valid to say `\012` instead. It's also valid to say `\12` but only if
-the encoded characters that follow aren't an octal digit.
-
-For example, the following algorithm may be used for parsing octal:
-
-```c
-static int ape_parse_octal(const unsigned char page[8192], int i, int *pc)
-{
-        int c;
-        if ('0' <= page[i] && page[i] <= '7') {
-                c = page[i++] - '0';
-                if ('0' <= page[i] && page[i] <= '7') {
-                        c *= 8;
-                        c += page[i++] - '0';
-                        if ('0' <= page[i] && page[i] <= '7') {
-                                c *= 8;
-                                c += page[i++] - '0';
-                        }
-                }
-                *pc = c;
-        }
-        return i;
-}
-```
-
-APE aware interpreters SHOULD only take `e_machine` into consideration.
-It is the responsibility of the `_start()` function to detect the OS.
-Therefore, multiple `printf` statements are only embedded in the shell
-script for different CPU architectures.
-
-The OS ABI field of an APE embedded `Elf64_Ehdr` SHOULD be set to
-`ELFOSABI_FREEBSD`, since it's the only UNIX OS APE supports that
-actually checks the field. However different values MAY be chosen for
-binaries that don't intend to have FreeBSD in their support vector.
-
-Counter-intuitively, the ARM64 ELF header is used on the MacOS ARM64
-platform when loading from fat binaries.
-
-## Embedded Mach-O Header (x86-64 only)
-
-APE shell scripts that support MacOS on AMD64 must use the `dd` command
-in a very specific way to specify how the embedded binary Macho-O header
-is copied backward to the start of the file. For example:
-
-```
-dd if="$o" of="$o" bs=8 skip=433      count=66       conv=notrunc
-```
-
-These `dd` statements have traditionally been generated by the GNU as
-and ld.bfd programs by encoding ASCII into 64-bit linker relocations,
-which necessitated a fixed width for integer values. It took several
-iterations over APE's history before we eventually got it right:
-
-- `arg="  9293"` is how we originally had ape do it
-- `arg=$((  9293))` b/c busybox sh disliked quoted space
-- `arg=9293  ` is generated by modern apelink program
-
-Software that parses the APE file format, which needs to extract the
-Macho-O x86-64 header SHOULD support the old binaries that use the
-previous encodings. To make backwards compatibility simple the following
-regular expression may be used, which generalizes to all defined
-formats:
-
-```c
-regcomp(&rx,
-        "bs="              // dd block size arg
-        "(['\"] *)?"       //   #1 optional quote w/ space
-        "(\\$\\(\\( *)?"   //   #2 optional math w/ space
-        "([[:digit:]]+)"   //   #3
-        "( *\\)\\))?"      //   #4 optional math w/ space
-        "( *['\"])?"       //   #5 optional quote w/ space
-        " +"               //
-        "skip="            // dd skip arg
-        "(['\"] *)?"       //   #6 optional quote w/ space
-        "(\\$\\(\\( *)?"   //   #7 optional math w/ space
-        "([[:digit:]]+)"   //   #8
-        "( *\\)\\))?"      //   #9 optional math w/ space
-        "( *['\"])?"       //  #10 optional quote w/ space
-        " +"               //
-        "count="           // dd count arg
-        "(['\"] *)?"       //  #11 optional quote w/ space
-        "(\\$\\(\\( *)?"   //  #12 optional math w/ space
-        "([[:digit:]]+)",  //  #13
-        REG_EXTENDED);
-```
-
-For further details, see the canonical implementation in
-`cosmopolitan/tool/build/assimilate.c`.
-
-## Static Linking
-
-Actually Portable Executables are always statically linked. This
-revision of the specification does not define any facility for storing
-code in dynamic shared objects.
-
-Cosmopolitan Libc provides a solution that enables APE binaries have
-limited access to dlopen(). By manually loading a platform-specific
-executable and asking the OS-specific libc's dlopen() to load
-OS-specific libraries, it becomes possible to use GPUs and GUIs. This
-has worked great for AI projects like llamafile.
-
-There is no way for an Actually Portable Executable to interact with
-OS-specific dynamic shared object extension modules to programming
-languages. For example, a Lua interpreter compiled as an Actually
-Portable Executable would have no way of linking extension libraries
-downloaded from the Lua Rocks package manager. This is primarily because
-different OSes define incompatible ABIs.
-
-While it was possible to polyglot PE+ELF+MachO to create multi-OS
-executables, it simply isn't possible to do that same thing for
-DLL+DYLIB+SO. Therefore, in order to have DSOs, APE would need to either
-choose one of the existing formats or invent one of its own, and then
-develop its own parallel ecosystem of extension software. In the future,
-the APE specification may expand to encompass this. However the focus to
-date has been exclusively on executables with limited dlopen() support.
-
-## Application Binary Interface (ABI)
-
-APE binaries use the System V ABI, as defined by:
-
-- [System V ABI - AMD64 Architecture Processor Supplement](https://gitlab.com/x86-psABIs/x86-64-ABI)
-- AARCH64 has a uniform consensus defined by ARM Limited
-
-There are however a few changes we've had to make.
-
-### No Red Zone
-
-Actually Portable Executables that have Windows and/or bare metal in
-their support vector MUST be compiled using `-mno-red-zone`. This is
-because, on Windows, DLLs and other software lurking in the va-space
-might use tricks like SetThreadContext() to take control of a thread
-whereas on bare metal, it's also generally accepted that kernel-mode
-code cannot assume a red zone either due to hardware interrupts that
-pull the exact same kinds of stunts.
-
-APE software that only has truly System V ABI conformant OSes (e.g.
-Linux) in their support vector MAY use the red zone optimization.
-
-### Thread Local Storage
-
-#### aarch64
-
-Here's the TLS memory layout on aarch64:
-
-```
-           x28
-        %tpidr_el0
-            │
-            │    _Thread_local
-        ┌───┼───┬──────────┬──────────┐
-        │tib│dtv│  .tdata  │  .tbss   │
-        ├───┴───┴──────────┴──────────┘
-        │
-    __get_tls()
-```
-
-The ARM64 code in actually portable executables use the `x28` register
-to store the address of the thread information block. All aarch64 code
-linked into these executables SHOULD be compiled with `-ffixed-x28`
-which is supported by both Clang and GCC.
-
-The runtime library for an actually portable executables MAY choose to
-use `tpidr_el0` instead, if OSes like MacOS aren't being targeted. For
-example, if the goal is to create a Linux-only fat binary linker program
-for Musl Libc, then choosing to use the existing `tpidr_el0` convention
-would be friction-free alternative.
-
-It's not possible for an APE runtime that targets the full range of OSes
-to use the `tpidr_el0` register for TLS because Apple won't allow it. On
-MacOS ARM64 systems, this register can only be used by a runtime to
-implement the `sched_getcpu()` system call. It's reserved by MacOS.
-
-#### x86-64
-
-Here's the TLS memory layout on x86_64:
-
-```
-                          __get_tls()
-                              │
-                             %fs OpenBSD/NetBSD
-           _Thread_local      │
-    ┌───┬──────────┬──────────┼───┐
-    │pad│  .tdata  │  .tbss   │tib│
-    └───┴──────────┴──────────┼───┘
-                              │
-   Linux/FreeBSD/Windows/Mac %gs
-```
-
-Quite possibly the greatest challenge in Actually Portable Executable
-working, has been overcoming the incompatibilities between OSes in how
-thread-local storage works on x86-64. The AMD64 architecture defines two
-special segment registers. Every OS uses one of these segment registers
-to implement TLS support. However not all OSes agree on which register
-to use. Some OSes grant userspace the power to define either of these
-registers to hold any value that is desired. Some OSes only effectively
-allow a single one of them to be changed. Lastly, some OSes, e.g.
-Windows, claim ownership of the memory layout these registers point
-towards too.
-
-Here's a breakdown on how much power is granted to userspace runtimes by
-each OS when it comes to changing amd64 segment registers.
-
-|         | %fs          | %gs          |
-|---------|--------------|--------------|
-| Linux   | unrestricted | unrestricted |
-| MacOS   | inaccessible | unrestricted |
-| Windows | inaccessible | restricted   |
-| FreeBSD | unrestricted | unrestricted |
-| NetBSD  | unrestricted | broken       |
-| OpenBSD | unrestricted | inaccessible |
-
-Therefore, regardless of which register one we choose, some OSes are
-going to be incompatible.
-
-APE binaries are always built with a Linux compiler. So another issue
-arises in the fact that our Linux-flavored GCC and Clang toolchains
-(which are used to produce cross-OS binaries) are also only capable of
-producing TLS instructions that use the %fs convention.
-
-To solve these challenges, the `cosmocc` compiler will rewrite binary
-objects after they've been compiled by GCC, so that the `%gs` register
-is used, rather than `%fs`. Morphing x86-64 binaries after they've been
-compiled is normally difficult, due to the complexity of the machine
-instruction language. However GCC provides `-mno-tls-direct-seg-refs`
-which greatly reduces the complexity of this task. This flag forgoes
-some optimizations to make the generated code simpler. Rather than doing
-clever arithmetic with `%fs` prefixes, the compiler will always generate
-the thread information block address load as a separate instruction.
-
-```c
-// Change AMD code to use %gs:0x30 instead of %fs:0
-// We assume -mno-tls-direct-seg-refs has been used
-static void ChangeTlsFsToGs(unsigned char *p, size_t n) {
-  unsigned char *e = p + n - 9;
-  while (p <= e) {
-    // we're checking for the following expression:
-    //   0144 == p[0] &&           // %fs
-    //   0110 == (p[1] & 0373) &&  // rex.w (and ignore rex.r)
-    //   (0213 == p[2] ||          // mov reg/mem → reg (word-sized)
-    //   0003 == p[2]) &&          // add reg/mem → reg (word-sized)
-    //   0004 == (p[3] & 0307) &&  // mod/rm (4,reg,0) means sib → reg
-    //   0045 == p[4] &&           // sib (5,4,0) → (rbp,rsp,0) → disp32
-    //   0000 == p[5] &&           // displacement (von Neumann endian)
-    //   0000 == p[6] &&           // displacement
-    //   0000 == p[7] &&           // displacement
-    //   0000 == p[8]              // displacement
-    uint64_t w = READ64LE(p) & READ64LE("\377\373\377\307\377\377\377\377");
-    if ((w == READ64LE("\144\110\213\004\045\000\000\000") ||
-         w == READ64LE("\144\110\003\004\045\000\000\000")) &&
-        !p[8]) {
-      p[0] = 0145;  // change %fs to %gs
-      p[5] = 0x30;  // change 0 to 0x30
-      p += 9;
-    } else {
-      ++p;
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-By favoring `%gs` we've now ensured friction-free compatibility for the
-APE runtime on MacOS, Linux, and FreeBSD which are all able to conform
-easily to this convention. However additional work needs to be done at
-runtime when an APE program is started on Windows, OpenBSD, and NetBSD.
-On these platforms, all executable pages must be faulted and morphed to
-fixup the TLS instructions.
-
-On OpenBSD and NetBSD, this is as simple as undoing the example
-operation above. Earlier at compile-time we turned `%fs` into `%gs`.
-Now, at runtime, `%gs` must be turned back into `%fs`. Since the
-executable is morphing itself, this is easier said than done.
-
-OpenBSD for example enforces a `W^X` invariant. Code that's executing
-can't modify itself at the same time. The way Cosmopolitan solves this
-is by defining a special part of the binary called `.text.privileged`.
-This section is aligned to page boundaries. A GNU ld linker script is
-used to ensure that code which morphs code is placed into this section,
-through the use of a header-defined cosmo-specific keyword `privileged`.
-Additionally, the `fixupobj` program is used by the Cosmo build system
-to ensure that compiled objects don't contain privileged functions that
-call non-privileged functions. Needless to say, `mprotect()` needs to be
-a privileged function, so that it can be used to disable the execute bit
-on all other parts of the executable except for the privileged section,
-thereby making it writable. Once this has been done, code can change.
-
-On Windows the displacement bytes of the TLS instruction are changed to
-use the `%gs:0x1480+i*8` ABI where `i` is a number assigned by the WIN32
-`TlsAlloc()` API. This avoids the need to call `TlsGetValue()` which is
-implemented this exact same way under the hood. Even though 0x1480 isn't
-explicitly documented by MSDN, this ABI is believed to be stable because
-MSVC generates binaries that use this offset directly. The only caveat
-is that `TlsAlloc()` must be called as early in the runtime init as
-possible, to ensure an index less than 64 is returned.
-
-### Thread Information Block (TIB)
-
-The Actually Portable Executable Thread Information Block (TIB) is
-defined by this version of the specification as follows:
-
-- The 64-bit TIB self-pointer is stored at offset 0x00.
-- The 64-bit TIB self-pointer is also stored at offset 0x30.
-- The 32-bit `errno` value is stored at offset 0x3c.
-
-All other parts of the thread information block should be considered
-unspecified and therefore reserved for future specifications.
-
-The APE thread information block is aligned on a 64-byte boundary.
-
-Cosmopolitan Libc v3.5.8 (c. 2024-07-21) currently implements a thread
-information block that's 512 bytes in size.
-
-### Foreign Function Calls
-
-Even though APE programs always use the System V ABI, there arises the
-occasional need to interface with foreign functions, e.g. WIN32. The
-`__attribute__((__ms_abi__))` annotation introduced by GCC v6 is used
-for this purpose.
-
-The ability to change a function's ABI on a case-by-case basis is
-surprisingly enough supported by GCC, Clang, NVCC, and even the AMD HIP
-compilers for both UNIX systems and Windows. All of these compilers
-support both the System V ABI and the Microsoft x64 ABI.
-
-APE binaries will actually favor the Microsoft ABI even when running on
-UNIX OSes for certain dlopen() use-cases. For example, if we control the
-code to a CUDA module, which we compile on each OS separately from our
-main APE binary, then any function that's inside the APE binary whose
-pointer may be passed into a foreign module SHOULD be compiled to use
-the Microsoft ABI. This is because in practice the OS-specific module
-may need to be compiled by MSVC, where MS ABI is the *only* ABI, which
-forces our UNIX programs to partially conform. Thankfully, all UNIX
-compilers support doing it on a case-by-case basis.
-
-### Char Signedness
-
-Actually Portable Executable defines `char` as signed.
-
-Therefore conformant APE software MUST use `-fsigned-char` when building
-code for aarch64, as well as any other architecture that (unlike x86-64)
-would otherwise define `char` as being `unsigned char` by default.
-
-This decision was one of the cases where it made sense to offer a more
-consistent runtime experience for fat multi-arch binaries. However you
-SHOULD still write code to assume `char` can go either way. But if all
-you care about is using APE, then you CAN assume `char` is signed.
-
-### Long Double
-
-On AMD64 platforms, APE binaries define `long double` as 80-bit.
-
-On ARM64 platforms, APE binaries define `long double` as 128-bit.
-
-We accept inconsistency in this case, because hardware acceleration is
-far more valuable than stylistic consistency in the case of mathematics.
-
-One challenge arises on AMD64 for supporting `long double` across OSes.
-Unlike UNIX systems, the Windows Executive on x86-64 initializes the x87
-FPU to have double (64-bit) precision rather than 80-bit. That's because
-code compiled by MSVC treats `long double` as though it were `double` to
-prefer always using the more modern SSE instructions. However System V
-requires genuine 80-bit `long double` support on AMD64.
-
-Therefore, if an APE program detects that it's been started on a Windows
-x86-64 system, then it SHOULD use the following assembly to initialize
-the x87 FPU in System V ABI mode.
-
-```asm
-	fldcw	1f(%rip)
-	.rodata
-	.balign	2
-//	8087 FPU Control Word
-//	 IM: Invalid Operation ───────────────┐
-//	 DM: Denormal Operand ───────────────┐│
-//	 ZM: Zero Divide ───────────────────┐││
-//	 OM: Overflow ─────────────────────┐│││
-//	 UM: Underflow ───────────────────┐││││
-//	 PM: Precision ──────────────────┐│││││
-//	 PC: Precision Control ───────┐  ││││││
-//	  {float,∅,double,long double}│  ││││││
-//	 RC: Rounding Control ──────┐ │  ││││││
-//	  {even, →-∞, →+∞, →0}      │┌┤  ││││││
-//	                           ┌┤││  ││││││
-//	                          d││││rr││││││
-1:	.short	0b00000000000000000001101111111
-	.previous
-```
-
-## Executable File Alignment
-
-Actually Portable Executable is a statically-linked flat executable file
-format that is, as a thing in itself, agnostic to file alignments. For
-example, the shell script payload at the beginning of the file and its
-statements have no such requirements. Alignment requirements are however
-imposed by the executable formats that APE wraps.
-
-1. ELF requires that file offsets be congruent with virtual addresses
-   modulo the CPU page size. So when we add a shell script to the start
-   of an executable, we need to round up to the page size in order to
-   maintain ELF's invariant. Although no such roundup is required on the
-   program segments once the invariant is restored. ELF loaders will
-   happily map program headers from arbitrary file intervals (which may
-   overlap) onto arbitrarily virtual intervals (which don't need to be
-   contiguous). In order to do that, the loaders will generally use
-   UNIX's mmap() function which is more restrictive and only accepts
-   addresses and offsets that are page aligned. To make it possible to
-   map an unaligned ELF program header that could potentially start and
-   stop at any byte, ELF loaders round-out the intervals, which means
-   adjacent unrelated data might also get mapped, which may need to be
-   explicitly zero'd. Thanks to the cleverness of ELF, it's possible to
-   have an executable file be very tiny, without needing any alignment
-   bytes, and it'll be loaded into a properly aligned virtual space
-   where segments can be as sparse as we want them to be.
-
-2. PE doesn't care about congruence and instead defines two separate
-   kinds of alignment. First, PE requires that the layout of segment
-   memory inside the file be aligned on at minimum the classic 512 byte
-   MS-DOS page size. This means that, unlike ELF, some alignment padding
-   may need to be encoded into the file, making it slightly larger. Next
-   PE imposes an alignment restriction on segments once they've been
-   mapped into the virtual address space, which must be rounded to the
-   system page size. Like ELF, PE segments need to be properly ordered
-   but they're allowed to drift apart once mapped in a non-contiguous
-   sparsely mapped way. When inserting shell script content at the start
-   of a PE file, the most problematic thing is the need to round up to
-   the 64kb system granularity, which results in a lot of needless bytes
-   of padding being inserted by a naive second-pass linker.
-
-3. Apple's Mach-O format is the strictest of them all. While both ELF
-   and PE are defined in such a way that invites great creativity, XNU
-   will simply refuse to an executable that does anything creative with
-   alignment. All loaded segments need to both start and end on a page
-   aligned address. XNU also wants segments to be contiguous similar to
-   portable executable, except it applies to both the file and virtual
-   spaces, which must follow the same structure.
-
-Actually Portable Executables must conform to the strictest requirements
-demanded by the support vector. Therefore an APE binary that has headers
-for all three of the above executable formats MUST conform to the Apple
-way of doing things. GNU ld linker scripts aren't very good at producing
-ELF binaries that rigidly conform to this simple naive layout. There are
-so many ways things can go wrong, where third party code might slip its
-own custom section name in-between the linker script sections that are
-explicitly defined, thereby causing ELF's powerful features to manifest
-and the resulting content overlapping. The best `ld` flag that helps is
-`--orphan-handling=error` which can help with explaining such mysteries.
-
-While Cosmopolitan was originally defined to just use stock GNU tools,
-this proved intractable over time, and the project has been evolving in
-the direction of building its own. Inventing the `apelink` program was
-what enabled the project to achieve multi-architecture binaries whereas
-previously it was only possible to do multi-OS binaries. In the future,
-our hope is that a fast power linker like Mold can be adapted to produce
-fat APE binaries directly from object files in one pass.
-
-## Position Independent Code
-
-APE doesn't currently support position independent executable formats.
-This is because APE was originally written for the GNU linker, where PIC
-and PIE were after-thoughts and never fully incorporated with the older
-more powerful linker script techniques upon which APE relies. Future
-iterations of this specification are intended to converge on modern
-standards, as our tooling becomes developed enough to support it.
-
-However this only applies to the wrapped executable formats themselves.
-While our convention to date has been to always load ELF programs at the
-4mb mark, this is not guaranteed across OSes and architectures. Programs
-should have no expectations that a program will be loaded to any given
-address. For example, Cosmo currently implements APE on AARCH64 as
-loading executables to a starting address of 0x000800000000. This
-address occupies a sweet spot of requirements.
-
-## Address Space
-
-In order to create a single binary that supports as many platforms as
-possible without needing to be recompiled, there's a very narrow range
-of addresses that can be used. That range is somewhere between 32 bits
-and 39 bits.
-
-- Embedded devices that claim to be 64-bit will oftentimes only support
-  a virtual address space that's 39 bits in size.
-
-- We can't load executable images on AARCH64 beneath 0x100000000 (4gb)
-  because Apple forbids doing that, possibly in an effort to enforce a
-  best practice for spotting 32-bit to 64-bit transition bugs. Please
-  note that this restriction only applies to Apple ARM64 systems. The
-  x86-64 version of XNU will happily load APE binaries to 0x00400000.
-
-- The AMD64 architecture on desktops and servers can usually be counted
-  upon to provide a 47-bit address space. The Linux Kernel for instance
-  grants each userspace program full dominion over addresses 0x00200000
-  through 0x00007fffffffffff provided the hardware supports this. On
-  modern workstations supporting Intel and AMD's new PML5T feature which
-  virtualizes memory using a radix trie that's five layers deep, Linux
-  is able to offer userspace its choice of fixed addresses from
-  0x00200000 through 0x00ffffffffffffff. The only exception to this rule
-  we've encountered so far is that Windows 7 and Windows Vista behaved
-  similar to embedded devices in reducing the number of va bits.
-
-## Page Size
-
-APE software MUST be page size agnostic. For many years the industry had
-converged on a strong consensus of having a page size that's 4096 bytes.
-However this convention was never guaranteed. New computers have become
-extremely popular, such as Apple Silicon, that use a 16kb page size.
-
-By convention, Cosmopolitan Libc currently generates ELF headers for
-x86-64 that are strictly aligned on a 4096-byte page size. On ARM64
-Cosmopolitan is currently implemented to always generate ELF headers
-aligned on a 16kb page size.
-
-In addition to being page size agnostic, APE software that cares about
-working correctly on Windows needs to be aware of the concept of
-allocation granularity. While the page size on Windows is generally 4kb
-in size, memory mappings can only be created on addresses that aligned
-to the system allocation granularity, which is generally 64kb. If you
-use a function like mmap() with Cosmopolitan Libc, then the `addr` and
-`offset` parameters need to be aligned to `sysconf(_SC_GRANSIZE)` or
-else your software won't work on Windows. Windows has other limitations
-too, such as lacking the ability to carve or punch holes in mappings.

ape/start.S

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "ape/ape.h"
-#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 
 #ifdef __aarch64__
 
 _start:	mov	x1,sp
-	and     sp,x1,#-16
 	mov	x29,0
 	bl	ApeLoader
 	.endfn	_start,globl
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ XnuEntrypoint:
 	mov	$_HOSTXNU,%dl			// xnu's not unix!
 ElfEntrypoint:
 	mov	%rsp,%rsi			// save real stack
-	andq    $-16,%rsp                       // force SSE alignment
 	call	ApeLoader
 	.endfn	ElfEntrypoint,globl
 	.endfn	XnuEntrypoint,globl

ape/systemcall.S

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 
 //	Invokes system call.
 //

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-addr2line

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/aarch64}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-addr2line"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-apecopy

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+apecopy

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-ar

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+PROG=${0##*/}
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+
+fatal_error() {
+  echo "$PROG: $1" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+if [ ! -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-ar" ]; then
+  fatal_error "you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update"
+fi
+
+exec "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-ar" "$@"

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-as

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/aarch64}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-as"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-nm

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/aarch64}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-nm"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-objcopy

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/aarch64}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-objcopy"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-objdump

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/aarch64}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-objdump"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/aarch64-unknown-cosmo-strip

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-${m:-aarch64}}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/aarch64}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-strip"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/ape-install

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+PROG=${0##*/}
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ ! -f ape/loader.c ]; then
+  cd "$COSMO" || exit
+fi
+
+if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
+  SUDO=
+else
+  SUDO=sudo
+fi
+
+echo "Actually Portable Executable (APE) Installer" >&2
+echo "Author:  Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com>"  >&2
+
+################################################################################
+# INSTALL APE LOADER SYSTEMWIDE
+
+if [ -f o/depend ] && make -j8 o//ape; then
+  echo "successfully recompiled ape loader" >&2
+elif [ -x o//ape/ape.elf ] && [ -x o//ape/ape.macho ]; then
+  echo "using ape loader you compiled earlier" >&2
+elif [ -d build/bootstrap ]; then
+  # if make isn't being used then it's unlikely the user changed the sources
+  # in that case the prebuilt binaries should be completely up-to-date
+  echo "using prebuilt ape loader from cosmo repo" >&2
+  mkdir -p o//ape || exit
+  cp -af build/bootstrap/ape.elf o//ape/ape.elf || exit
+  cp -af build/bootstrap/ape.macho o//ape/ape.macho || exit
+else
+  echo "no cosmopolitan libc repository here" >&2
+  echo "fetching ape loader from justine.lol"  >&2
+  mkdir -p o//ape || exit
+  if command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    wget -qO o//ape/ape.elf https://justine.lol/ape.elf || exit
+    wget -qO o//ape/ape.macho https://justine.lol/ape.macho || exit
+  else
+    curl -Rso o//ape/ape.elf https://justine.lol/ape.elf || exit
+    curl -Rso o//ape/ape.macho https://justine.lol/ape.macho || exit
+  fi
+  chmod +x o//ape/ape.elf || exit
+  chmod +x o//ape/ape.macho || exit
+fi
+
+if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ]; then
+  if ! [ /usr/bin/ape -nt o//ape/ape.macho ]; then
+    echo >&2
+    echo "installing o//ape/ape.elf to /usr/bin/ape" >&2
+    echo "$SUDO mv -f o//ape/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape" >&2
+    $SUDO cp -f o//ape/ape.macho /usr/bin/ape || exit
+    echo "done" >&2
+  fi
+else
+  if ! [ /usr/bin/ape -nt o//ape/ape.elf ]; then
+    echo >&2
+    echo "installing o//ape/ape.elf to /usr/bin/ape" >&2
+    echo "$SUDO mv -f o//ape/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape" >&2
+    $SUDO cp -f o//ape/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape || exit
+    echo "done" >&2
+  fi
+fi
+
+################################################################################
+# REGISTER APE LOADER WITH BINFMT_MISC TOO (LINUX-ONLY)
+
+if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xLinux ]; then
+
+  if [ -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE ]; then
+    echo >&2
+    echo it looks like APE is already registered with binfmt_misc >&2
+    echo To reinstall please run ape/apeuninstall.sh first >&2
+    echo please check that it is mapped to ape not /bin/sh >&2
+    echo cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE >&2
+    cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE >&2
+    exit
+  fi
+
+  if ! [ -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc ]; then
+    echo >&2
+    echo loading binfmt_misc into your kernel >&2
+    echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
+    echo $SUDO modprobe binfmt_misc >&2
+    $SUDO modprobe binfmt_misc || exit
+    echo done >&2
+  fi
+
+  if ! [ -e /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register ]; then
+    echo >&2
+    echo mounting binfmt_misc into your kernel >&2
+    echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
+    echo $SUDO mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc >&2
+    $SUDO mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc || exit
+    echo done >&2
+  fi
+
+  echo >&2
+  echo registering APE with binfmt_misc >&2
+  echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
+  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:'"'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
+  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
+  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:'"'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
+  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
+  echo done >&2
+
+  if [ x"$(cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status)" = xdisabled ]; then
+    echo >&2
+    echo enabling binfmt_misc >&2
+    echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
+    echo $SUDO sh -c 'echo 1 >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status' >&2
+    $SUDO sh -c 'echo 1 >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status' || exit
+    echo done >&2
+  fi
+
+fi
+
+################################################################################
+
+{
+  echo
+  echo "------------------------------------------------------------------"
+  echo
+  echo "APE INSTALL COMPLETE"
+  echo
+  echo "If you decide to uninstall APE later on"
+  echo "you may do so using ape/apeuninstall.sh"
+  echo
+  echo "Enjoy your APE loader (>'.')>"
+  echo
+} >&2

bin/ape-uninstall

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+PROG=${0##*/}
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ ! -f ape/loader.c ]; then
+  cd "$COSMO" || exit
+fi
+
+if [ "$UID" = "0" ]; then
+  SUDO=
+else
+  SUDO=sudo
+fi
+
+{
+  echo
+  echo "APE Uninstaller intends to run (in pseudo-shell)"
+  echo
+  echo "    sudo echo -1 into /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE*"
+  echo "    sudo rm -f /usr/bin/ape ~/.ape /tmp/.ape # etc."
+  echo
+  echo "You may then use ape/apeinstall.sh to reinstall it"
+  echo
+} >&2
+
+set -ex
+for f in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/APE*; do
+  if [ -f $f ]; then
+    $SUDO sh -c "echo -1 >$f" || exit
+  fi
+done
+
+# system installation
+if [ -f /usr/bin/ape ]; then
+  $SUDO rm -f /usr/bin/ape
+fi
+
+# legacy installations
+rm -f o/tmp/ape /tmp/ape "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/ape"
+
+# ad-hoc installations
+for x in .ape \
+         .ape-1.1 \
+         .ape-1.3 \
+         .ape-1.4 \
+         .ape-1.5 \
+         .ape-1.6 \
+         .ape-1.7 \
+         .ape-1.8 \
+         .ape-blink-0.9.2 \
+         .ape-blink-1.0.0; do
+  rm -f \
+     ~/$x \
+     /tmp/$x \
+     o/tmp/$x \
+     "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/$x"
+done

bin/apecopy

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+PROG=${0##*/}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+
+if [ x"$1" = x"--version" ]; then
+cat <<EOF
+$PROG 0.1
+Copyright (c) 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+Cosmopolitan Libc and LLVM libcxx/compiler-rt are subject to non-GPL
+notice licenses, e.g. ISC, MIT, etc. Your compiled programs must embed
+our copyright notices. This toolchain is configured to do so default.
+Cosmopolitan comes with absolutely NO WARRANTY of any kind.
+For more information, see the Cosmopolitan LICENSE files.
+Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+This launches GNU GCC/Binutils subprocesses, which is free software; see
+Cosmopolitan's third_party/gcc/ for source code and copying conditions.
+There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+EOF
+exit
+fi
+
+if [ x"$1" = x"--help" ]; then
+cat <<EOF
+Usage: $PROG INPUT OUTPUT
+Converts an executable linked by cosmocc to the Actually Portable
+Executable file format. See $PROG --version for other details.
+EOF
+exit
+fi
+
+fatal_error() {
+  echo "$PROG: fatal error: $1" >&2
+  echo "operation terminated." >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+CROSS=1
+ARCH=${PROG%%-*}  # split(prog, '-')[0]
+if [ x"$ARCH" = x"$PROG" ]; then
+  ARCH=x86_64
+  CROSS=0
+fi
+
+if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+  MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+else
+  MODE=${MODE:-${m:-$ARCH}}
+fi
+
+if [ $CROSS -eq 0 ]; then
+  COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+else
+  COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/$ARCH}
+fi
+
+if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+  OBJCOPYFLAGS="-S -O binary"
+elif [ x"$ARCH" = x"aarch64" ]; then
+  OBJCOPYFLAGS="-S"
+else
+  fatal_error "$ARCH: unsupported architecture"
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d "$COSMO" ]; then
+  fatal_error "you need to clone cosmopolitan to your $COSMO directory"
+fi
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$COSMO/o//tool/build/zipcopy.com" ] ||
+   [ ! -f "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$ARCH-linux-$BRAND-objcopy" ]; then
+  if [ $CROSS -eq 0 ]; then
+    fatal_error "you need to run: cosmocc --update"
+  else
+    fatal_error "you need to run: $ARCH-unknown-cosmo-cosmocc --update"
+  fi
+fi
+
+INPUT=$1
+OUTPUT=$2
+if [ ! -f "$INPUT" ]; then
+  fatal_error "$INPUT: missing input and output arguments"
+elif [ ! -f "$INPUT" ]; then
+  fatal_error "$INPUT: no such file"
+elif [ ! -f "$INPUT" ]; then
+  fatal_error "$INPUT: missing output argument"
+elif [ x"$INPUT" = x"$OUTPUT" ]; then
+  fatal_error "$INPUT: input and output file can't be the same"
+fi
+
+"$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$ARCH-linux-$BRAND-objcopy" \
+  $OBJCOPYFLAGS \
+  "$INPUT" \
+  "$OUTPUT" || exit
+"$COSMO/o//tool/build/zipcopy.com" \
+  "$INPUT" \
+  "$OUTPUT" || exit

bin/apelink

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+exec "$COSMO/o//tool/build/apelink.com" "$@"

bin/cosmoaddr2line

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+
+set -- -apifCe "$@"
+
+if [ -n "$ADDR2LINE" ]; then
+  exec "$ADDR2LINE" "$@"
+fi
+
+find_addr2line() {
+  if [ -x o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-addr2line ]; then
+    ADDR2LINE=o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-addr2line
+  elif [ -x o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-addr2line ]; then
+    ADDR2LINE=o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-addr2line
+  elif [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-addr2line" ]; then
+    ADDR2LINE="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-addr2line"
+  elif [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-addr2line" ]; then
+    ADDR2LINE="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-addr2line"
+  else
+    echo "error: toolchain not found (try running 'cosmocc --update' or 'make' in the cosmo monorepo)" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+for ARCH in x86_64 aarch64; do
+  find_addr2line $ARCH
+  "$ADDR2LINE" "$@" 2>/dev/null && exit
+done
+
+echo "error: addr2line failed" >&2
+exit 1

bin/cosmocc

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# cosmopolitan c/c++ compiler
+#
+# getting started
+#
+#     sudo chmod 1777 /opt  # sticky bit isn't required
+#     git clone https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan /opt/cosmo
+#     export PATH="/opt/cosmo/bin:/opt/cosmos/bin:$PATH"
+#     echo 'export PATH="/opt/cosmo/bin:/opt/cosmos/bin:$PATH"' >>~/.profile
+#     ape-install  # optionally install a faster systemwide ape loader
+#     cosmocc --update  # pull and rebuild toolchain artifacts
+#
+# getting started synopsis
+#
+#     cosmocc -o hello.com hello.c
+#     ./foo.com
+#     ./foo.com --strace
+#     ./foo.com --ftrace
+#
+# how to build a project like lua 5.4.6
+#
+#     make all test CC=cosmocc
+#     src/lua -e 'print("hi")'
+#     make install INSTALL_TOP=/opt/cosmos
+#     apecopy src/lua src/lua.com  # convert to portable ape binary
+#
+# how to cross compile a project like lua 5.4.6
+#
+#     aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update
+#     make clean all test CC=aarch64-unknown-cosmo-cc AR='aarch64-unknown-cosmo-ar rc' -j8
+#     qemu-aarch64 src/lua -e 'print("hi")'
+#     make install INSTALL_TOP=/opt/cosmos/aarch64
+#
+# building in tiny mode
+#
+#     export MODE=tiny
+#     cosmocc --update
+#     cosmocc -Os -o foo.com foo.c
+#
+# building in tiniest mode (linux only)
+#
+#     export MODE=tinylinux
+#     cosmocc --update
+#     cosmocc -Os -o foo.com foo.c
+#
+# hardening programs with memory safety
+#
+#     export MODE=asan
+#     cosmocc --update
+#     cosmocc -o foo.com foo.c
+#
+# detecting this environment
+#
+#   - `__COSMOCC__` is defined when this compiler is in play
+#   - `__COSMOPOLITAN__` is always defined by Cosmopolitan Libc
+#
+# some notes on this compiler
+#
+#   - the underlying compiler itself is gcc
+#   - we use cosmopoiltan libc rather than glibc
+#   - we use llvm's compiler-rt and libcxx runtimes
+#   - we patched gcc so switch case can have symbols
+#   - our scanf() implementation is somewhat troubled
+#
+# compiler flags that aren't supported
+#
+#   - `-r` partial linking not implemented yet (todo)
+#   - `-S` you need to put your assembly behind #ifdefs instead
+#   - `-fexceptions` cosmopolitan doesn't support c++ exceptions yet
+#   - `-frtti` cosmopolitan doesn't support c++ runtime reflection yet
+#   - `-mred-zone` the system v red zone doesn't exist on windows and metal
+#   - `-fpic`, '-fPIC', `-shared`, `-pie`, etc. no shared object support yet
+#   - `-fsanitize=thread` cosmopolitan doesn't have thread sanitizer runtime yet
+#   - `-fomit-frame-pointer` is partially supported (apple forbids full removal)
+#
+# for further details, run `man gcc`
+
+PROG=${0##*/}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+GCC_VERSION=11.2.0
+
+if [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
+cat <<EOF
+$PROG (GCC) $GCC_VERSION
+Copyright (c) 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+Cosmopolitan Libc and LLVM libcxx/compiler-rt are subject to non-GPL
+notice licenses, e.g. ISC, MIT, etc. Your compiled programs must embed
+our copyright notices. This toolchain is configured to do so default.
+Cosmopolitan comes with absolutely NO WARRANTY of any kind.
+For more information, see the Cosmopolitan LICENSE files.
+Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+This launches GNU GCC/Binutils subprocesses, which is free software; see
+Cosmopolitan's third_party/gcc/ for source code and copying conditions.
+There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+EOF
+exit
+fi
+
+fatal_error() {
+  echo "$PROG: fatal error: $1" >&2
+  echo "compilation terminated." >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+log_command() {
+  if [ -n "$BUILDLOG" ]; then
+    printf '# %s\n(cd %s; %s)\n' "$ORIGINAL" "$PWD" "$*" >>"$BUILDLOG"
+  fi
+}
+
+ORIGINAL="$0 $*"
+PLATFORM="-D__COSMOPOLITAN__ -D__COSMOCC__"
+PREDEF="-include libc/integral/normalize.inc"
+CFLAGS="-fportcosmo -fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm -fno-unwind-tables -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-semantic-interposition"
+CPPFLAGS="-fno-pie -nostdinc -fno-math-errno -iquote $COSMO"
+LDFLAGS="-static -no-pie -nostdlib -fuse-ld=bfd"
+APEFLAGS="-Wl,--gc-sections"
+PRECIOUS="-fno-omit-frame-pointer"
+
+CROSS=1
+ARCH=${PROG%%-*}  # split(prog, '-')[0]
+if [ x"$ARCH" = x"$PROG" ]; then
+  ARCH=x86_64
+  CROSS=0
+fi
+
+if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+  MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+else
+  MODE=${MODE:-${m:-$ARCH}}
+fi
+
+if [ $CROSS -eq 0 ]; then
+  COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+else
+  COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos/$ARCH}
+fi
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+CC="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$ARCH-linux-$BRAND-gcc"
+CRT="$COSMO/o/$MODE/libc/crt/crt.o"
+LDLIBS="$COSMO/o/$MODE/cosmopolitan.a"
+CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -isystem $COSMOS/include -isystem $COSMO/libc/isystem"
+LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L$COSMOS/lib"
+if [ x"$PROG" != x"${PROG%++}" ]; then
+  CC="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$ARCH-linux-$BRAND-g++"
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fuse-cxa-atexit"
+  LDLIBS="$COSMO/o/$MODE/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a $LDLIBS"
+fi
+
+PAGESZ=4096
+if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+  OBJCOPYFLAGS="-S -O binary"
+  CRT="$COSMO/o/$MODE/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o $CRT"
+  CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -mno-red-zone"
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -mno-tls-direct-seg-refs"
+  LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-T,$COSMO/o/$MODE/ape/ape.lds"
+  if [ x"$MODE" = x"aarch64" ]; then
+    fatal_error '$MODE must not be aarch64 when using x86_64 cross compiler'
+  elif [ x"$MODE" != x"${MODE#* }" ]; then
+    fatal_error '$MODE must not contain hyphens when targeting x86_64'
+  fi
+elif [ x"$ARCH" = x"aarch64" ]; then
+  OBJCOPYFLAGS="-S"
+  PAGESZ=16384
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -ffixed-x18 -ffixed-x28 -mno-outline-atomics"
+  LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-T,$COSMO/o/$MODE/ape/aarch64.lds"
+  if [ x"$MODE" != x"aarch64" ] && [ x"$MODE" = x"${MODE#aarch64-*}" ]; then
+    fatal_error '$MODE must be either "aarch64" or "aarch64-FOO" when using aarch64 cross compiler'
+  fi
+else
+  fatal_error "$ARCH: unsupported architecture"
+fi
+
+LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-z,common-page-size=$PAGESZ -Wl,-z,max-page-size=16384"
+
+if [ ! -d "$COSMO" ]; then
+  fatal_error "you need to clone cosmopolitan to your $COSMO directory"
+fi
+
+if [ "$1" = "--update" ]; then
+  cd $COSMO || exit
+  echo "building cosmo host toolchain..." >&2
+  make --silent -j toolchain MODE= ARCH=x86_64 || exit
+  echo "building cosmo target (MODE=$MODE) toolchain..." >&2
+  make --silent -j toolchain MODE="$MODE" || exit
+  echo "setting up your cosmos..." >&2
+  mkdir -p "$COSMOS/lib" || exit
+  for lib in c dl gcc_s m pthread resolv rt dl z stdc++; do
+    if [ ! -f "$COSMOS/lib/lib${lib}.a" ]; then
+      printf '\041\074\141\162\143\150\076\012' >"$COSMOS/lib/lib${lib}.a" || exit
+    fi
+  done
+  echo "successfully updated your cosmo toolchain" >&2
+  exit
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$COSMOS/lib/libc.a" ] ||
+   [ ! -f "$COSMO/o/$MODE/cosmopolitan.a" ]; then
+  fatal_error "you need to run: $PROG --update"
+fi
+
+OPT=
+FIRST=1
+OUTPUT=
+SFLAG=0
+INTENT=ld
+GOT_SOME=0
+NEED_OUTPUT=
+RELOCATABLE=0
+for x; do
+  if [ $FIRST -eq 1 ]; then
+    set --
+    FIRST=0
+  fi
+  if [ -n "$NEED_OUTPUT" ]; then
+    NEED_OUTPUT=
+    OUTPUT=$x
+    set -- "$@" "$x"
+    continue
+  fi
+  if [ x"$x" = x"-" ] ||           # is an argument
+     [ x"$x" = x"${x#-*}" ]; then  # !startswith(x, "-")
+    GOT_SOME=1
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-static-libstdc++" ]; then
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-static-libgcc" ]; then
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#-O}" ]; then
+    OPT=$x
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-c" ]; then
+    INTENT=cc
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-s" ]; then
+    SFLAG=1
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-r" ]; then
+    RELOCATABLE=1
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-E" ]; then
+    INTENT=cpp
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-o" ]; then
+    NEED_OUTPUT=1
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-mcosmo" ]; then
+    CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_COSMO_SOURCE"
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#-o}" ]; then
+    OUTPUT=${x#-o}
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fpic" ]; then
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fPIC" ]; then
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-r" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-pie" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-frtti" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-shared" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-nostdlib" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-mred-zone" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fexceptions" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=thread" ]; then
+    echo "$PROG: $x not supported" >&2
+    exit 1
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=all" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=address" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=undefined" ]; then
+    echo "$PROG: use cosmo MODE=dbg or MODE=asan rather than passing $x" >&2
+    exit 1
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fomit-frame-pointer" ]; then
+    # Quoth Apple "The frame pointer register must always address a
+    # valid frame record. Some functions — such as leaf functions or
+    # tail calls — may opt not to create an entry in this list. As a
+    # result, stack traces are always meaningful, even without debug
+    # information."
+    set -- "$@" -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -foptimize-sibling-calls
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#-Werror}" ] || \
+       [ x"$x" = x"-pedantic-errors" ]; then
+    # this toolchain is intended for building other people's code
+    # elevating warnings into errors, should only be done by devs
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-march=native" ]; then
+    if [ $CROSS -eq 0 ]; then
+      set -- "$@" $("$COSMO/o//tool/build/march-native.com")
+    else
+      fatal_error "-march=native can't be used when cross compiling"
+    fi
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-dumpversion" ]; then
+    echo $GCC_VERSION
+    exit 0
+  fi
+  set -- "$@" "$x"
+done
+
+if [ "$GOT_SOME" -eq 0 ]; then
+  fatal_error "no input files"
+fi
+
+if [ $RELOCATABLE -eq 1 ]; then
+  LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -r"
+fi
+
+if [ x"$MODE" = x"nox87" ]; then
+  CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -mlong-double-64"
+fi
+
+# support --ftrace unless optimizing for size
+if [ x"$OPT" != x"-Os" ] &&                # $OPT != -Os
+   [ x"${MODE%tiny}" = x"${MODE}" ]; then  # $MODE not in (tiny, aarch64-tiny)
+  if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fpatchable-function-entry=18,16"
+  elif [ x"$ARCH" = x"aarch64" ]; then
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fpatchable-function-entry=7,6"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# ask compiler to generate sanitization code in debug mode
+if [ x"$MODE" != x"${MODE%*dbg}" ]; then  # endswith($MODE, "dbg")
+  if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+    CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined"
+  else
+    CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -fsanitize=undefined"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# ask compiler to generate memory safety code in asan mode
+if [ x"$MODE" != x"${MODE%*asan}" ]; then  # endswith($MODE, "asan")
+  if [ x"$ARCH" = x"x86_64" ]; then
+    CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -fsanitize=address"
+  else
+    fatal_error "address sanitizer not supported on non-x86 yet"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# maximize frame pointers unless optimizing for size
+if [ x"$OPT" != x"-Os" ] &&               # $OPT != "-Os"
+   [ x"$MODE" != x"${MODE%tiny}" ]; then  # endswith($MODE, "tiny")
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer"
+fi
+
+if [ $INTENT = cpp ]; then
+  set -- "$CC" $PLATFORM $CPPFLAGS "$@"
+elif [ $INTENT = cc ]; then
+  set -- "$CC" $PLATFORM $PREDEF $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS "$@" $PRECIOUS
+else
+  set -- "$CC" $PLATFORM $PREDEF $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $CRT "$@" $LDFLAGS $LDLIBS $PRECIOUS
+fi
+
+log_command "$@"
+"$@" || exit
+
+if [ -n "$OUTPUT" ] && [ -f "$OUTPUT" ]; then
+  if [ $INTENT = cc ] || [ $INTENT = ld ]; then
+    "$COSMO/o//tool/build/fixupobj.com" \
+      "$OUTPUT" || exit
+  fi
+  if [ $INTENT = ld ]; then
+    if [ x"$OUTPUT" != x"${OUTPUT%.com}" ] ||
+       [ x"$OUTPUT" != x"${OUTPUT%.exe}" ]; then
+      # cosmocc -o foo.com ...
+      # -> foo.com (ape)
+      # -> foo.com.dbg (elf)
+      mv -f "$OUTPUT" "$OUTPUT.dbg" || exit
+      "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$ARCH-linux-$BRAND-objcopy" \
+        $OBJCOPYFLAGS \
+        "$OUTPUT.dbg" \
+        "$OUTPUT" || exit
+      "$COSMO/o//tool/build/zipcopy.com" \
+        "$OUTPUT.dbg" \
+        "$OUTPUT" || exit
+    elif [ $SFLAG -eq 1 ]; then
+      "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$ARCH-linux-$BRAND-strip" \
+        "$OUTPUT" || exit
+    fi
+  fi
+fi

bin/fatcosmoar

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+PROG=${0##*/}
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+
+fatal_error() {
+  echo "$PROG: $1" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+if [ ! -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-ar" ]; then
+  fatal_error "you need to run: fatcosmocc --update"
+fi
+
+AR_X86_64="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-ar"
+AR_AARCH64="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-ar"
+if [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
+  # note: only the underlying gnu compiler binaries are gpl
+  #       our shell script is released with the isc license
+  cat <<EOF
+$PROG (GNU Binutils) 2.38
+Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
+the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
+This program has absolutely no warranty.
+EOF
+  exit 0
+elif [ "$1" = "--help" ]; then
+  "$AR_X86_64" --help |
+    sed "s!$AR_X86_64!$PROG!g" 2>/dev/null ||
+    "$AR_X86_64" --help
+  exit
+fi
+
+FIRST=1
+STATE=0
+OUTPUT_X86_64=
+OUTPUT_AARCH64=
+INPUTS=
+for x; do
+  if [ $FIRST -eq 1 ]; then
+    set --
+    FIRST=0
+  fi
+  if [ $STATE -eq 0 ]; then
+    if [ x"$x" != x"${x#--*}" ]; then  # startswith(x, "--")
+      set -- "$@" "$x"  # this is a flag
+    else
+      set -- "$@" "$x"  # command argument, e.g. rcu, rcsD
+      STATE=1
+    fi
+  elif [ $STATE -eq 1 ]; then
+    OUTPUT_X86_64=$x
+    STATE=2
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#* }" ]; then
+    fatal_error "input arguments containing spaces unsupported"
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#@}" ]; then
+    fatal_error "input argument @file not supported yet"
+  elif [ -z "$INPUTS" ]; then
+    INPUTS=$x
+  else
+    INPUTS="$INPUTS $x"
+  fi
+done
+if [ -z "$OUTPUT_X86_64" ]; then
+  fatal_error "missing output path"
+fi
+
+mangle_object_path() {
+  path=$1
+  arch=$2
+  outdir=${path%/*}
+  outbas=${path##*/}
+  if [ x"$outdir" = x"$path" ]; then
+    outdir=
+  elif [ -n "$outdir" ]; then
+    outdir="$outdir/"
+  fi
+  if [ ! -d "$outdir.$arch" ]; then
+    mkdir -p "$outdir.$arch" || Exit
+  fi
+  mangled_path="${outdir}.$arch/$outbas"
+}
+
+OBJECTS_X86_64=
+OBJECTS_AARCH64=
+for x in $INPUTS; do
+  if [ ! -f "$x" ]; then
+    fatal_error "$x: no such file"
+  fi
+  mangle_object_path "$x" aarch64
+  if [ ! -f "$mangled_path" ]; then
+    fatal_error "$x: missing concomitant $mangled_path file"
+  fi
+  OBJECTS_X86_64="${OBJECTS_X86_64} $x"
+  OBJECTS_AARCH64="${OBJECTS_AARCH64} $mangled_path"
+done
+
+mangle_object_path "$OUTPUT_X86_64" aarch64
+OUTPUT_AARCH64="$mangled_path"
+
+"$AR_X86_64" "$@" "$OUTPUT_X86_64" $OBJECTS_X86_64 &
+pid1=$!
+
+"$AR_AARCH64" "$@" "$OUTPUT_AARCH64" $OBJECTS_AARCH64 &
+pid2=$!
+
+if ! wait $pid1; then
+  kill $pid2 2>/dev/null
+  wait
+  exit 1
+fi
+wait $pid2 || exit

bin/fatcosmoc++

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fatcosmocc

bin/fatcosmocc

@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# fat cosmopolitan c/c++ compiler
+#
+#   - this command is a drop-in replacement for the cc or gcc command.
+#     the difference is that (1) your binaries will be linked with the
+#     cosmopolitan c library, rather than your system specific tooling
+#     and (2) they'll be fat ape executables that run on the platforms
+#
+#     * amd64
+#       + linux
+#       + macos
+#       + windows
+#       + freebsd
+#       + openbsd
+#       + netbsd
+#     * arm64
+#       + linux
+#       + macos
+#       + windows (non-native)
+#
+#   - you need to use linux to build your binaries currently, but you
+#     can scp and distribute the output files to the above platforms!
+#
+# installation
+#
+#     sudo chmod 1777 /opt  # sticky bit isn't required
+#     git clone https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan /opt/cosmo
+#     export PATH="/opt/cosmo/bin:/opt/cosmos/bin:$PATH"
+#     echo 'export PATH="/opt/cosmo/bin:/opt/cosmos/bin:$PATH"' >>~/.profile
+#     ape-install  # optionally install a faster systemwide ape loader
+#     fatcosmocc --update  # pull and rebuild toolchain artifacts
+#
+# getting started
+#
+#     fatcosmocc -o hello.com hello.c
+#     ./foo.com
+#     unzip -vl ./foo.com
+#     ./foo.com --strace
+#     ./foo.com --ftrace
+#
+# building in tiny mode
+#
+#     export MODE=tiny
+#     fatcosmocc --update
+#     fatcosmocc -Os -o foo.com foo.c
+#
+# building in debug mode
+#
+#     export MODE=dbg
+#     fatcosmocc --update
+#     fatcosmocc -g -o foo.com foo.c
+#
+# how to build a project like lua 5.4.6
+#
+#     make all test CC=fatcosmocc AR='fatcosmoar rcu'
+#     make install INSTALL_TOP=/opt/cosmos INSTALL=fatcosmoinstall
+#
+# how to build a project like ncurses 6.4
+#
+#     ./configure CC=fatcosmocc \
+#                 CXX=fatcosmoc++ \
+#                 AR=fatcosmoar \
+#                 INSTALL="$(command -v fatcosmoinstall)" \
+#                 --prefix=/opt/cosmos \
+#                 --disable-shared
+#     make -j8
+#     make install
+#
+# detecting this environment
+#
+#   - `__FATCOSMOCC__` is defined by fatcosmocc
+#   - `__COSMOCC__` is defined by cosmocc and fatcosmocc
+#   - `__COSMOPOLITAN__` is always defined by cosmopolitan
+#
+# some notes on this compiler
+#
+#   - the underlying compiler itself is gcc
+#   - we use cosmopolitan libc rather than glibc
+#   - we use llvm's compiler-rt and libcxx runtimes
+#   - we patched gcc so switch case can have symbols
+#   - our scanf() implementation is somewhat troubled
+#   - you may need to recalibrate `make -jN` as `N/2`
+#
+# compiler flags that work differently
+#
+#   - `-v` will log fatcosmocc subcommands to stderr
+#          you can also use `export BUILDLOG=/tmp/build.log`
+#   - `-s` will ask apelink to not embed symbol tables in zip
+#   - `-E` can't be fat and runs once with x86_64 macros undefined
+#   - `-save-temps` will prevent deleting your arch-specific executables
+#
+# compiler flags that aren't supported
+#
+#   - `-fexceptions` cosmopolitan doesn't support c++ exceptions yet
+#   - `-frtti` cosmopolitan doesn't support c++ runtime reflection yet
+#   - `-mred-zone` the system v red zone doesn't exist on windows and metal
+#   - `-fpic`, '-fPIC', `-shared`, `-pie`, etc. no shared object support yet
+#   - `-fsanitize=thread` cosmopolitan doesn't have thread sanitizer runtime yet
+#   - `-fomit-frame-pointer` is partially supported (apple forbids full removal)
+#
+# for further details, run `man gcc`
+
+PROG=${0##*/}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+ORIGINAL="$0 $*"
+TMPDIR=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+GCC_VERSION=11.2.0
+
+if [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
+cat <<EOF
+$PROG (GCC) $GCC_VERSION
+Copyright (c) 2023 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+Cosmopolitan Libc and LLVM libcxx/compiler-rt are subject to non-GPL
+notice licenses, e.g. ISC, MIT, etc. Your compiled programs must embed
+our copyright notices. This toolchain is configured to do so default.
+Cosmopolitan comes with absolutely NO WARRANTY of any kind.
+For more information, see the Cosmopolitan LICENSE files.
+Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+This launches GNU GCC/Binutils subprocesses, which is free software; see
+Cosmopolitan's third_party/gcc/ for source code and copying conditions.
+There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+EOF
+exit
+fi
+
+if [ "$1" = "--help" ]; then
+  if [ -t 1 ]; then
+    exec less "$0"
+  else
+    exec cat "$0"
+  fi
+fi
+
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+if [ x"$MODE" = x"" ]; then
+  MODE_AARCH64=aarch64
+elif [ x"$MODE" = x"tiny" ]; then
+  MODE_AARCH64=aarch64-tiny
+elif [ x"$MODE" = x"zero" ]; then
+  MODE_AARCH64=aarch64-zero
+elif [ x"$MODE" = x"dbg" ]; then
+  MODE_AARCH64=aarch64-dbg
+else
+  echo "$PROG: build MODE=$MODE not supported by fatcosmocc" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$1" = "--update" ]; then
+  cd $COSMO || exit
+  echo "building cosmo host toolchain..." >&2
+  make --silent -j toolchain MODE= || exit
+  echo "building cosmo x86_64 target (MODE=$MODE) toolchain..." >&2
+  make --silent -j toolchain MODE="$MODE" || exit
+  echo "building cosmo aarch64 target (MODE=$MODE_AARCH64) toolchain..." >&2
+  make --silent -j toolchain MODE="$MODE_AARCH64" || exit
+  echo "setting up your cosmos..." >&2
+  for arch in "" .aarch64/; do
+    mkdir -p "$COSMOS/lib/$arch" || exit
+    for lib in c dl gcc_s m pthread resolv rt dl z stdc++; do
+      if [ ! -f "$COSMOS/lib/${arch}lib${lib}.a" ]; then
+        printf '\041\074\141\162\143\150\076\012' >"$COSMOS/lib/${arch}lib${lib}.a" || exit
+      fi
+    done
+  done
+  echo "successfully updated your cosmo toolchain" >&2
+  exit
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d "$COSMO" ]; then
+  echo "$PROG: you need to clone cosmopolitan to your $COSMO directory" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$COSMOS/lib/libc.a" ] ||
+   [ ! -f "$COSMOS/lib/.aarch64/libc.a" ] ||
+   [ ! -f "$COSMO/o/$MODE/cosmopolitan.a" ] ||
+   [ ! -f "$COSMO/o/$MODE_AARCH64/cosmopolitan.a" ]; then
+  echo "$PROG: you need to run: $PROG --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+FIXUPOBJ="$COSMO/o//tool/build/fixupobj.com"
+TEMP_FILES=
+SAVE_TEMPS=0
+
+Exit() {
+  rc=${1:-$?}
+  if [ $SAVE_TEMPS -eq 0 ]; then
+    rm -f $TEMP_FILES
+  fi
+  exit $rc
+}
+
+show_warning() {
+  echo "$PROG: warning: $1" >&2
+}
+
+fatal_error() {
+  echo "$PROG: fatal error: $1" >&2
+  echo "compilation terminated." >&2
+  Exit 1
+}
+
+log_original() {
+  if [ -n "$BUILDLOG" ]; then
+    printf '# %s\n' "$ORIGINAL" >>"$BUILDLOG"
+  fi
+}
+
+log_command() {
+  if [ -n "$BUILDLOG" ]; then
+    printf '(cd %s; %s)\n' "$PWD" "$*" >>"$BUILDLOG"
+  fi
+}
+
+if [ x"$TMPDIR" != x"${TMPDIR#* }" ]; then
+  fatal_error '$TMPDIR containing spaces not supported'
+elif [ ! -d "$TMPDIR" ]; then
+  if ! mkdir -p "$TMPDIR" 2>/dev/null; then
+    fatal_error "$TMPDIR: not a directory"
+  fi
+fi
+
+OPT=
+ARGS=
+FLAGS=
+OUTPUT=
+MCOSMO=0
+INTENT=ld
+NEED_JOIN=
+NEED_EQUAL=
+NEED_OUTPUT=
+APELINKFLAGS=
+INPUT_FILE_COUNT=0
+for x; do
+  if [ x"$x" != x"${x#* }" ]; then
+    fatal_error "arguments containing spaces unsupported: $x"
+  fi
+  if [ -n "$NEED_OUTPUT" ]; then
+    NEED_OUTPUT=
+    OUTPUT=$x
+    continue
+  elif [ -n "$NEED_JOIN" ]; then
+    x="${NEED_JOIN}${x}"
+    NEED_JOIN=
+  elif [ -n "$NEED_EQUAL" ]; then
+    x="${NEED_EQUAL}=${x}"
+    NEED_EQUAL=
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-" ] ||           # is alias for stdin
+       [ x"$x" = x"${x#-*}" ]; then  # !startswith(x, "-")
+    if [ x"$x" != x"${x%.s}" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" != x"${x%.S}" ]; then
+      fatal_error "$x: assembler input files not supported"
+    elif [ x"$x" != x"${x%.so}" ] ||
+         [ x"$x" != x"${x%.dll}" ] ||
+         [ x"$x" != x"${x%.dylib}" ]; then
+      fatal_error "$x: dynamic shared object input files not supported"
+    elif [ x"$x" != x"-" ] && [ ! -f "$x" ]; then
+      fatal_error "$x: no such file"
+    fi
+    INPUT_FILE_COUNT=$((INPUT_FILE_COUNT + 1))
+    ARGS="$ARGS $x"  # don't add to $FLAGS array
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-o" ]; then
+    NEED_OUTPUT=1
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#-o}" ]; then  # startswith(x, "-o")
+    OUTPUT=${x#-o}
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" != x"${x#-O}" ]; then  # startswith(x, "-O")
+    OPT=$x
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-c" ]; then
+    INTENT=cc
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-E" ]; then
+    INTENT=cpp
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-s" ]; then
+    APELINKFLAGS="$APELINKFLAGS -s"
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-v" ]; then
+    exec 3<&2  # dup2(2, 3) b/c stderr will be redirected later
+    BUILDLOG=/dev/fd/3
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-save-temps" ]; then
+    SAVE_TEMPS=1
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-mcosmo" ]; then
+    MCOSMO=1
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fomit-frame-pointer" ]; then
+    # Quoth Apple: "The frame pointer register must always address a
+    # valid frame record. Some functions — such as leaf functions or
+    # tail calls — may opt not to create an entry in this list. As a
+    # result, stack traces are always meaningful, even without debug
+    # information."
+    x="-momit-leaf-frame-pointer -foptimize-sibling-calls"
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-r" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-S" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-pie" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-frtti" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-shared" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-nostdlib" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-mred-zone" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fexceptions" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=thread" ]; then
+    fatal_error "$x flag not supported"
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=all" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=address" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-fsanitize=undefined" ]; then
+    fatal_error "use cosmo MODE=dbg rather than passing $x"
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-mno-red-zone" ]; then
+    # "Any memory below the stack beyond the red zone is considered
+    # volatile and may be modified by the operating system at any time."
+    # https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20190111-00/?p=100685
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-fpic" ] || [ x"$x" = x"-fPIC" ]; then
+    # no support for building dynamic shared objects yet. reports
+    # indicate that ignoring these flags, helps let autoconf know
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-Werror" ] || \
+       [ x"$x" = x"-pedantic-errors" ]; then
+    # this toolchain is intended for building other people's code
+    # elevating warnings into errors, should only be done by devs
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-static-libgcc" ] || \
+       [ x"$x" = x"-shared-libgcc" ]; then
+    # cosmopolitan.a always has llvm compiler runtime static code
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-march=native" ]; then
+    fatal_error "-march=native can't be used when building fat binaries"
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-dumpversion" ]; then
+    echo $GCC_VERSION
+    Exit 0
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"-e" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-z" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-T" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-L" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-I" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-D" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-U" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-iquote" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-isystem" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" = x"-include" ]; then
+    NEED_JOIN=$x
+    continue
+  elif [ x"$x" = x"--param" ]; then
+    NEED_EQUAL=$x
+    continue
+  fi
+  FLAGS="$FLAGS $x"
+  ARGS="$ARGS $x"
+done
+
+if [ $INPUT_FILE_COUNT -eq 0 ]; then
+  fatal_error "no input files"
+elif [ -z "$INPUT" ] &&
+     [ $INTENT != ld ] &&
+     [ $INPUT_FILE_COUNT -gt 1 ]; then
+  fatal_error "cannot specify '-o' with '-c', or '-E' with multiple files"
+fi
+
+PLATFORM="-D__COSMOPOLITAN__ -D__COSMOCC__ -D__FATCOSMOCC__"
+PREDEF="-include libc/integral/normalize.inc"
+CPPFLAGS="-fno-pie -nostdinc -fno-math-errno -iquote $COSMO -isystem $COSMOS/include -isystem $COSMO/libc/isystem"
+CFLAGS="-fportcosmo -fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm -fno-unwind-tables -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-semantic-interposition"
+LDFLAGS="-static -nostdlib -no-pie -fuse-ld=bfd -Wl,-z,norelro -Wl,--gc-sections"
+PRECIOUS="-fno-omit-frame-pointer"
+
+if [ x"$OPT" != x"-Os" ] && [ x"$MODE" != x"tiny" ]; then
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer"
+fi
+
+CC_X86_64="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-gcc"
+CC_AARCH64="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-gcc"
+if [ x"$PROG" != x"${PROG%++}" ]; then
+  CC_X86_64="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-g++"
+  CC_AARCH64="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-$BRAND-g++"
+  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fuse-cxa-atexit"
+fi
+
+CRT_X86_64="$COSMO/o/$MODE/ape/ape.o $COSMO/o/$MODE/libc/crt/crt.o"
+CPPFLAGS_X86_64="$CPPFLAGS -mno-red-zone"
+CFLAGS_X86_64="$CFLAGS -mno-tls-direct-seg-refs"
+LDFLAGS_X86_64="$LDFLAGS -L$COSMOS/lib -Wl,-T,$COSMO/o/$MODE/ape/ape.lds -Wl,-z,common-page-size=4096 -Wl,-z,max-page-size=16384"
+LDLIBS_X86_64="$COSMO/o/$MODE/cosmopolitan.a"
+if [ $MCOSMO -eq 1 ]; then
+  CPPFLAGS_X86_64="${CPPFLAGS_X86_64} -D_COSMO_SOURCE"
+fi
+
+CRT_AARCH64="$COSMO/o/$MODE_AARCH64/libc/crt/crt.o"
+CPPFLAGS_AARCH64="$CPPFLAGS"
+CFLAGS_AARCH64="$CFLAGS -ffixed-x18 -ffixed-x28 -mno-outline-atomics"
+LDFLAGS_AARCH64="$LDFLAGS -L$COSMOS/lib/.aarch64 -Wl,-T,$COSMO/o/${MODE_AARCH64}/ape/aarch64.lds -Wl,-z,common-page-size=16384 -Wl,-z,max-page-size=16384"
+LDLIBS_AARCH64="$COSMO/o/${MODE_AARCH64}/cosmopolitan.a"
+
+if [ x"$OPT" != x"-Os" ] && [ x"$MODE" != x"tiny" ]; then
+  CFLAGS_X86_64="${CFLAGS_X86_64} -fpatchable-function-entry=18,16"
+  CFLAGS_AARCH64="${CFLAGS_AARCH64} -fpatchable-function-entry=7,6"
+fi
+
+if [ x"$PROG" != x"${PROG%++}" ]; then
+  LDLIBS_X86_64="$COSMO/o/$MODE/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a ${LDLIBS_X86_64}"
+  LDLIBS_AARCH64="$COSMO/o/${MODE_AARCH64}/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a ${LDLIBS_AARCH64}"
+fi
+
+if [ x"$MODE" = x"dbg" ]; then
+  CPPFLAGS_X86_64="${CPPFLAGS_X86_64} -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined"
+  CPPFLAGS_AARCH64="${CPPFLAGS_AARCH64} -fsanitize=undefined"
+fi
+
+log_original
+
+if [ $INTENT = cpp ]; then
+  if [ -n "$OUTPUT" ]; then
+    ARGS="$ARGS -o$OUTPUT"
+  fi
+  set -- \
+      "$CC_X86_64" \
+      -U__k8 \
+      -U__k8__ \
+      -U__amd64 \
+      -U__amd64__ \
+      -U__x86_64 \
+      -U__x86_64__ \
+      -U__SSE__ \
+      -U__SSE2__ \
+      -U__SSE2_MATH__ \
+      -mno-red-zone \
+      $PLATFORM \
+      $CPPFLAGS \
+      $ARGS
+  log_command "$@"
+  MODE="$MODE" exec "$@"
+fi
+
+mangle_object_path() {
+  path=$1
+  arch=$2
+  outdir=${path%/*}
+  outbas=${path##*/}
+  if [ x"$outdir" = x"$path" ]; then
+    outdir=
+  elif [ -n "$outdir" ]; then
+    outdir="$outdir/"
+  fi
+  if [ ! -d "$outdir.$arch" ]; then
+    mkdir -p "$outdir.$arch" || Exit
+  fi
+  mangled_path="${outdir}.$arch/$outbas"
+}
+
+mktemper() {
+  "$COSMO/o//tool/build/mktemper.com" \
+    "$TMPDIR/fatcosmocc.XXXXXXXXXXXXX$1"
+}
+
+build_object() {
+  out2=$(mktemper .txt) || Exit
+  TEMP_FILES="${TEMP_FILES} $out2"
+  (
+    set -- \
+        "$CC_X86_64" \
+        -o"$OUTPUT_X86_64" \
+        $PLATFORM \
+        $PREDEF \
+        $CFLAGS_X86_64 \
+        $CPPFLAGS_X86_64 \
+        "$@" \
+        $PRECIOUS
+    log_command "$@"
+    "$@" || exit
+    set -- \
+        "$COSMO/o//tool/build/fixupobj.com" \
+        "$OUTPUT_X86_64"
+    log_command "$@"
+    exec "$@"
+  ) &
+  pid1=$!
+  (
+    set -- \
+        "$CC_AARCH64" \
+        -o"$OUTPUT_AARCH64" \
+        $PLATFORM \
+        $PREDEF \
+        $CFLAGS_AARCH64 \
+        $CPPFLAGS_AARCH64 \
+        "$@" \
+        $PRECIOUS &&
+    log_command "$@"
+    "$@" || exit
+    set -- \
+        "$COSMO/o//tool/build/fixupobj.com" \
+        "$OUTPUT_AARCH64"
+    log_command "$@"
+    exec "$@"
+  ) 2>"$out2" &
+  pid2=$!
+  if ! wait $pid1; then
+    kill $pid2 2>/dev/null
+    wait
+    Exit 1
+  fi
+  if ! wait $pid2; then
+    echo "$PROG: x86_64 succeeded but aarch64 failed to build object" >&2
+    cat "$out2" >&2
+    Exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# turn source files into objects
+LDARGS_X86_64=
+LDARGS_AARCH64=
+for x in $ARGS; do
+  if [ x"$x" != x"-" ] &&           # is alias for stdin
+     [ x"$x" != x"${x#-*}" ]; then  # startswith(x, "-")
+    # this argument is a flag
+    LDARGS_X86_64="${LDARGS_X86_64} $x"
+    if [ x"$x" != x"${x#-L}" ]; then  # startswith(x, "-L")
+      x="$x/.aarch64"
+    fi
+    LDARGS_AARCH64="${LDARGS_AARCH64} $x"
+  else
+    # this argument is an input file
+    if [ x"$x" != x"${x%.o}" ] ||
+       [ x"$x" != x"${x%.a}" ]; then
+      if [ $INTENT = cc ]; then
+        show_warning "$x: linker input file unused because linking not done"
+      else
+        mangle_object_path "$x" aarch64
+        if [ ! -f "$mangled_path" ]; then
+          fatal_error "$x: linker input missing concomitant $mangled_path file"
+        fi
+        LDARGS_X86_64="${LDARGS_X86_64} $x"
+        LDARGS_AARCH64="${LDARGS_AARCH64} $mangled_path"
+      fi
+    elif [ $INTENT = cc ]; then
+      if [ -n "$OUTPUT" ]; then
+        # e.g. `cc -c -o bar.o foo.c` is specified by user
+        OUTPUT_X86_64=$OUTPUT
+        mangle_object_path "$OUTPUT" aarch64
+        OUTPUT_AARCH64="$mangled_path"
+        build_object $FLAGS -c "$x"
+      else
+        # e.g. `cc -c dir/foo.c` builds foo.o
+        o=${x##*/}
+        OUTPUT_X86_64="${o%.*}.o"
+        mangle_object_path "${o%.*}.o" aarch64
+        OUTPUT_AARCH64="$mangled_path"
+        build_object $FLAGS -c "$x"
+      fi
+    else
+      # e.g. `cc foo.c` should build a.out
+      if [ -z "$OUTPUT" ]; then
+        OUTPUT=a.out
+      fi
+      # e.g. `cc -o foo foo.c` should *not* build foo.o
+      OUTPUT_X86_64=$(mktemper .o) || Exit
+      OUTPUT_AARCH64=$(mktemper .o) || Exit
+      TEMP_FILES="${TEMP_FILES} ${OUTPUT_X86_64} ${OUTPUT_AARCH64}"
+      build_object $FLAGS -c "$x"
+      LDARGS_X86_64="${LDARGS_X86_64} ${OUTPUT_X86_64}"
+      LDARGS_AARCH64="${LDARGS_AARCH64} ${OUTPUT_AARCH64}"
+    fi
+  fi
+done
+
+if [ $INTENT != ld ]; then
+  Exit
+fi
+
+OUTPUT_X86_64=$(mktemper ".com.dbg") || Exit
+OUTPUT_AARCH64=$(mktemper ".aarch64.elf") || Exit
+
+out2=$(mktemper .txt) || Exit
+TEMP_FILES="${TEMP_FILES} $out2"
+(
+  set -- \
+      "$CC_X86_64" \
+      -o"$OUTPUT_X86_64"\
+      $CRT_X86_64 \
+      $LDFLAGS_X86_64 \
+      $LDARGS_X86_64 \
+      $LDLIBS_X86_64
+  log_command "$@"
+  "$@" || exit
+  set -- \
+      "$COSMO/o//tool/build/fixupobj.com" \
+      "$OUTPUT_X86_64"
+  log_command "$@"
+  exec "$@"
+) &
+pid1=$!
+(
+  set -- \
+      "$CC_AARCH64" \
+      -o"$OUTPUT_AARCH64"\
+      $CRT_AARCH64 \
+      $LDFLAGS_AARCH64 \
+      $LDARGS_AARCH64 \
+      $LDLIBS_AARCH64
+  log_command "$@"
+  "$@" || exit
+  set -- \
+      "$COSMO/o//tool/build/fixupobj.com" \
+      "$OUTPUT_AARCH64"
+  log_command "$@"
+  exec "$@"
+) 2>"$out2" &
+pid2=$!
+if ! wait $pid1; then
+  kill $pid2 2>/dev/null
+  wait
+  Exit 1
+fi
+if ! wait $pid2; then
+  echo "$PROG: x86_64 succeeded but aarch64 failed to link executable" >&2
+  cat "$out2" >&2
+  Exit 1
+fi
+
+set -- \
+"$COSMO/o//tool/build/apelink.com" \
+  -l "$COSMO/o/$MODE/ape/ape.elf" \
+  -l "$COSMO/o/$MODE_AARCH64/ape/ape.elf" \
+  -M "$COSMO/ape/ape-m1.c" \
+  -o "$OUTPUT" \
+  $APELINKFLAGS \
+  "$OUTPUT_X86_64" \
+  "$OUTPUT_AARCH64"
+log_command "$@"
+"$@" || Exit
+
+set -- \
+"$COSMO/o//tool/build/pecheck.com" "$OUTPUT"
+log_command "$@"
+"$@" || Exit
+
+if [ $INTENT = ld ] && [ $SAVE_TEMPS -eq 0 ]; then
+  mv -f "$OUTPUT_X86_64" "${OUTPUT%.com}.com.dbg" || Exit
+  mv -f "$OUTPUT_AARCH64" "${OUTPUT%.com}.aarch64.elf" || Exit
+fi
+
+Exit

bin/unknown-unknown-cosmo-ar

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fatcosmoar

bin/unknown-unknown-cosmo-c++

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fatcosmocc

bin/unknown-unknown-cosmo-cc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fatcosmocc

bin/unknown-unknown-cosmo-install

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fatcosmoinstall

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-addr2line

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-addr2line"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-apecopy

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+apecopy

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-ar

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+PROG=${0##*/}
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+
+fatal_error() {
+  echo "$PROG: $1" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+if [ ! -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-ar" ]; then
+  fatal_error "you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update"
+fi
+
+exec "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-ar" "$@"

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-as

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-as"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-c++

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cosmocc

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cosmocc

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-nm

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-nm"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-objcopy

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-objcopy"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-objdump

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-objdump"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

bin/x86_64-unknown-cosmo-strip

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+MODE=${MODE:-$m}
+COSMO=${COSMO:-/opt/cosmo}
+COSMOS=${COSMOS:-/opt/cosmos}
+
+if [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+  BRAND=musl
+else
+  BRAND=cosmo
+fi
+
+TOOL="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-$BRAND-strip"
+
+if [ ! -x "$TOOL" ]; then
+  echo "$0: you need to run: x86_64-unknown-cosmo-cc --update" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+exec "$TOOL" "$@"

build/bootstrap/gcc-only-flags.txt

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
---nocompress-debug-sections
---noexecstack
--Wa,--nocompress-debug-sections
--Wa,--noexecstack
--Wa,-msse2avx
--Werror=maybe-uninitialized
--Wno-literal-suffix
--Wno-unused-but-set-variable
--Wunsafe-loop-optimizations
--fbranch-target-load-optimize
--fcx-limited-range
--fdelete-dead-exceptions
--femit-struct-debug-baseonly
--ffp-int-builtin-inexact
--finline-functions-called-once
--fipa-pta
--fivopts
--flimit-function-alignment
--fmerge-constants
--fmodulo-sched
--fmodulo-sched-allow-regmoves
--fno-align-jumps
--fno-align-labels
--fno-align-loops
--fno-code-hoisting
--fno-cx-limited-range
--fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact
--fno-gnu-unique
--fno-inline-functions-called-once
--fno-instrument-functions
--fno-schedule-insns2
--fno-whole-program
--fopt-info-vec
--fopt-info-vec-missed
--freg-struct-return
--freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops
--frounding-math
--fsched2-use-superblocks
--fschedule-insns
--fschedule-insns2
--fshrink-wrap
--fshrink-wrap-separate
--fsignaling-nans
--fstack-clash-protection
--ftracer
--ftrapv
--ftree-loop-im
--ftree-loop-vectorize
--funsafe-loop-optimizations
--fversion-loops-for-strides
--fwhole-program
--gdescribe-dies
--gstabs
--mcall-ms2sysv-xlogues
--mdispatch-scheduler
--mfpmath=sse+387
--mmitigate-rop
--mno-fentry