cosmopolitan/libc/tinymath/exp2.c
2022-08-11 12:13:18 -07:00

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/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:t;c-basic-offset:8;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
│vi: set et ft=c ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi│
╚──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╝
│ │
│ Musl Libc │
│ Copyright © 2005-2014 Rich Felker, et al. │
│ │
│ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining │
│ a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the │
│ "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including │
│ without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, │
│ distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to │
│ permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to │
│ the following conditions: │
│ │
│ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be │
│ included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. │
│ │
│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, │
│ EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF │
│ MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. │
│ IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY │
│ CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, │
│ TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE │
│ SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. │
│ │
╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
#include "libc/intrin/likely.h"
#include "libc/math.h"
#include "libc/tinymath/exp_data.internal.h"
#include "libc/tinymath/internal.h"
#ifndef TINY
asm(".ident\t\"\\n\\n\
Double-precision math functions (MIT License)\\n\
Copyright 2018 ARM Limited\"");
asm(".include \"libc/disclaimer.inc\"");
/* clang-format off */
/*
* Double-precision 2^x function.
*
* Copyright (c) 2018, Arm Limited.
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
#define N (1 << EXP_TABLE_BITS)
#define Shift __exp_data.exp2_shift
#define T __exp_data.tab
#define C1 __exp_data.exp2_poly[0]
#define C2 __exp_data.exp2_poly[1]
#define C3 __exp_data.exp2_poly[2]
#define C4 __exp_data.exp2_poly[3]
#define C5 __exp_data.exp2_poly[4]
/* Handle cases that may overflow or underflow when computing the result that
is scale*(1+TMP) without intermediate rounding. The bit representation of
scale is in SBITS, however it has a computed exponent that may have
overflown into the sign bit so that needs to be adjusted before using it as
a double. (int32_t)KI is the k used in the argument reduction and exponent
adjustment of scale, positive k here means the result may overflow and
negative k means the result may underflow. */
static inline double specialcase(double_t tmp, uint64_t sbits, uint64_t ki)
{
double_t scale, y;
if ((ki & 0x80000000) == 0) {
/* k > 0, the exponent of scale might have overflowed by 1. */
sbits -= 1ull << 52;
scale = asdouble(sbits);
y = 2 * (scale + scale * tmp);
return eval_as_double(y);
}
/* k < 0, need special care in the subnormal range. */
sbits += 1022ull << 52;
scale = asdouble(sbits);
y = scale + scale * tmp;
if (y < 1.0) {
/* Round y to the right precision before scaling it into the subnormal
range to avoid double rounding that can cause 0.5+E/2 ulp error where
E is the worst-case ulp error outside the subnormal range. So this
is only useful if the goal is better than 1 ulp worst-case error. */
double_t hi, lo;
lo = scale - y + scale * tmp;
hi = 1.0 + y;
lo = 1.0 - hi + y + lo;
y = eval_as_double(hi + lo) - 1.0;
/* Avoid -0.0 with downward rounding. */
if (WANT_ROUNDING && y == 0.0)
y = 0.0;
/* The underflow exception needs to be signaled explicitly. */
fp_force_eval(fp_barrier(0x1p-1022) * 0x1p-1022);
}
y = 0x1p-1022 * y;
return eval_as_double(y);
}
/* Top 12 bits of a double (sign and exponent bits). */
static inline uint32_t top12(double x)
{
return asuint64(x) >> 52;
}
/**
* Returns 2^𝑥.
*/
double exp2(double x)
{
uint32_t abstop;
uint64_t ki, idx, top, sbits;
double_t kd, r, r2, scale, tail, tmp;
abstop = top12(x) & 0x7ff;
if (UNLIKELY(abstop - top12(0x1p-54) >= top12(512.0) - top12(0x1p-54))) {
if (abstop - top12(0x1p-54) >= 0x80000000)
/* Avoid spurious underflow for tiny x. */
/* Note: 0 is common input. */
return WANT_ROUNDING ? 1.0 + x : 1.0;
if (abstop >= top12(1024.0)) {
if (asuint64(x) == asuint64(-INFINITY))
return 0.0;
if (abstop >= top12(INFINITY))
return 1.0 + x;
if (!(asuint64(x) >> 63))
return __math_oflow(0);
else if (asuint64(x) >= asuint64(-1075.0))
return __math_uflow(0);
}
if (2 * asuint64(x) > 2 * asuint64(928.0))
/* Large x is special cased below. */
abstop = 0;
}
/* exp2(x) = 2^(k/N) * 2^r, with 2^r in [2^(-1/2N),2^(1/2N)]. */
/* x = k/N + r, with int k and r in [-1/2N, 1/2N]. */
kd = eval_as_double(x + Shift);
ki = asuint64(kd); /* k. */
kd -= Shift; /* k/N for int k. */
r = x - kd;
/* 2^(k/N) ~= scale * (1 + tail). */
idx = 2 * (ki % N);
top = ki << (52 - EXP_TABLE_BITS);
tail = asdouble(T[idx]);
/* This is only a valid scale when -1023*N < k < 1024*N. */
sbits = T[idx + 1] + top;
/* exp2(x) = 2^(k/N) * 2^r ~= scale + scale * (tail + 2^r - 1). */
/* Evaluation is optimized assuming superscalar pipelined execution. */
r2 = r * r;
/* Without fma the worst case error is 0.5/N ulp larger. */
/* Worst case error is less than 0.5+0.86/N+(abs poly error * 2^53) ulp. */
tmp = tail + r * C1 + r2 * (C2 + r * C3) + r2 * r2 * (C4 + r * C5);
if (UNLIKELY(abstop == 0))
return specialcase(tmp, sbits, ki);
scale = asdouble(sbits);
/* Note: tmp == 0 or |tmp| > 2^-65 and scale > 2^-928, so there
is no spurious underflow here even without fma. */
return eval_as_double(scale + scale * tmp);
}
#endif /* !TINY */