cosmopolitan/tool/decode/elf.c
Justine Tunney f4f4caab0e Add x86_64-linux-gnu emulator
I wanted a tiny scriptable meltdown proof way to run userspace programs
and visualize how program execution impacts memory. It helps to explain
how things like Actually Portable Executable works. It can show you how
the GCC generated code is going about manipulating matrices and more. I
didn't feel fully comfortable with Qemu and Bochs because I'm not smart
enough to understand them. I wanted something like gVisor but with much
stronger levels of assurances. I wanted a single binary that'll run, on
all major operating systems with an embedded GPL barrier ZIP filesystem
that is tiny enough to transpile to JavaScript and run in browsers too.

https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/emulator625.mp4
2020-08-25 04:43:42 -07:00

329 lines
14 KiB
C
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/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi│
╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney │
│ │
│ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify │
│ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by │
│ the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. │
│ │
│ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but │
│ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of │
│ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU │
│ General Public License for more details. │
│ │
│ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License │
│ along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software │
│ Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA │
│ 02110-1301 USA │
╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
#include "libc/conv/conv.h"
#include "libc/elf/elf.h"
#include "libc/elf/struct/rela.h"
#include "libc/elf/struct/shdr.h"
#include "libc/errno.h"
#include "libc/log/check.h"
#include "libc/log/log.h"
#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
#include "libc/str/str.h"
#include "libc/sysv/consts/map.h"
#include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
#include "tool/decode/lib/asmcodegen.h"
#include "tool/decode/lib/elfidnames.h"
#include "tool/decode/lib/flagger.h"
#include "tool/decode/lib/titlegen.h"
/**
* @fileoverview ELF executable metadata disassembler.
*/
static const char *path;
static struct stat st[1];
static Elf64_Ehdr *elf;
static void startfile(void) {
showtitle("αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε", "tool/decode/elf", basename(path),
NULL, &kModelineAsm);
printf("#include \"libc/elf.h\"\n\n", path);
}
static void printelfehdr(void) {
show(".ascii", format(b1, "%`'.*s", 4, (const char *)&elf->e_ident[0]),
"magic");
show(".byte",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(&kElfClassNames[0], elf->e_ident[EI_CLASS]),
format(b1, "%d", elf->e_ident[EI_CLASS])),
"elf->e_ident[EI_CLASS]");
show(".byte",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(kElfDataNames, elf->e_ident[EI_DATA]),
format(b1, "%d", elf->e_ident[EI_DATA])),
"elf->e_ident[EI_DATA]");
show(".byte", format(b1, "%d", elf->e_ident[EI_VERSION]),
"elf->e_ident[EI_VERSION]");
show(".byte",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(kElfOsabiNames, elf->e_ident[EI_OSABI]),
format(b1, "%d", elf->e_ident[EI_OSABI])),
"elf->e_ident[EI_OSABI]");
show(".byte", format(b1, "%d", elf->e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]),
"elf->e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]");
show(".byte",
format(b1, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d", elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 0],
elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 1], elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 2],
elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 3], elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 4],
elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 5], elf->e_ident[EI_PAD + 6]),
"padding");
show(".org", "0x10", NULL);
show(".short",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(kElfTypeNames, elf->e_type),
format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_type)),
"elf->e_type");
show(".short",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(kElfMachineNames, elf->e_machine),
format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_machine)),
"elf->e_machine");
show(".long", format(b1, "%d", elf->e_version), "elf->e_version");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", elf->e_entry), "elf->e_entry");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", elf->e_phoff), "elf->e_phoff");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", elf->e_shoff), "elf->e_shoff");
show(".long", format(b1, "%#x", elf->e_flags), "elf->e_flags");
show(".short", format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_ehsize), "elf->e_ehsize");
show(".short", format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_phentsize), "elf->e_phentsize");
show(".short", format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_phnum), "elf->e_phnum");
show(".short", format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_shentsize), "elf->e_shentsize");
show(".short", format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_shnum), "elf->e_shnum");
show(".short", format(b1, "%hd", elf->e_shstrndx), "elf->e_shstrndx");
}
static void printelfsegmentheader(int i) {
Elf64_Phdr *phdr = getelfsegmentheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, i);
printf("/\tElf64_Phdr *phdr = getelfsegmentheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, "
"%d)\n",
i);
printf(".Lph%d:", i);
show(".long",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(kElfSegmentTypeNames, phdr->p_type),
format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_type)),
"phdr->p_type");
show(".long", RecreateFlags(kElfSegmentFlagNames, phdr->p_flags),
"phdr->p_flags");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_offset), "phdr->p_offset");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_vaddr), "phdr->p_vaddr");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_paddr), "phdr->p_paddr");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_filesz), "phdr->p_filesz");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_memsz), "phdr->p_memsz");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", phdr->p_align), "phdr->p_align");
fflush(stdout);
}
static void printelfsegmentheaders(void) {
printf("\n");
printf("\t.org\t%#x\n", elf->e_phoff);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < elf->e_phnum; ++i) printelfsegmentheader(i);
}
static void printelfsectionheader(int i, char *shstrtab) {
Elf64_Shdr *shdr;
shdr = getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, i);
printf("/\tElf64_Shdr *shdr = getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, "
"%d)\n",
i);
printf(".Lsh%d:", i);
show(".long", format(b1, "%d", shdr->sh_name),
format(b2,
"%`'s == getelfstring(elf, st->st_size, shstrtab, shdr->sh_name)",
getelfstring(elf, st->st_size, shstrtab, shdr->sh_name)));
show(".long",
firstnonnull(findnamebyid(kElfSectionTypeNames, shdr->sh_type),
format(b1, "%d", shdr->sh_type)),
"shdr->sh_type");
show(".long", RecreateFlags(kElfSectionFlagNames, shdr->sh_flags),
"shdr->sh_flags");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_addr), "shdr->sh_addr");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_offset), "shdr->sh_offset");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_size), "shdr->sh_size");
show(".long", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_link), "shdr->sh_link");
show(".long", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_info), "shdr->sh_info");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_addralign), "shdr->sh_addralign");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", shdr->sh_entsize), "shdr->sh_entsize");
fflush(stdout);
}
static void printelfsectionheaders(void) {
Elf64_Half i;
char *shstrtab = getelfsectionnamestringtable(elf, st->st_size);
if (shstrtab) {
printf("\n");
printf("\t.org\t%#x\n", elf->e_shoff);
for (i = 0; i < elf->e_shnum; ++i) {
printelfsectionheader(i, shstrtab);
}
printf("\n/\t%s\n", "elf->e_shstrndx");
printf("\t.org\t%#x\n",
getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, elf->e_shstrndx)
->sh_offset);
for (i = 0; i < elf->e_shnum; ++i) {
Elf64_Shdr *shdr = getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, i);
const char *str = getelfstring(elf, st->st_size, shstrtab, shdr->sh_name);
show(".asciz", format(b1, "%`'s", str), NULL);
}
}
}
static void printelfsymbolinfo(Elf64_Sym *sym) {
int bind = (sym->st_info >> 4) & 0xf;
const char *bindname = findnamebyid(kElfSymbolBindNames, bind);
int type = (sym->st_info >> 0) & 0xf;
const char *typename = findnamebyid(kElfSymbolTypeNames, type);
show(".byte",
format(b1, "%s%s%s", bindname ? format(b2, "%s<<4", bindname) : "",
bindname && typename ? "|" : "", firstnonnull(typename, "")),
"sym->st_info");
}
static void printelfsymbolother(Elf64_Sym *sym) {
int visibility = sym->st_other & 0x3;
const char *visibilityname =
findnamebyid(kElfSymbolVisibilityNames, visibility);
int other = sym->st_other & ~0x3;
show(".byte",
format(b1, "%s%s%s", firstnonnull(visibilityname, ""),
other && visibilityname ? "+" : "",
other ? format(b2, "%d", other) : ""),
"sym->st_other");
}
static void printelfsymbol(Elf64_Sym *sym, char *strtab, char *shstrtab) {
show(".long", format(b1, "%d", sym->st_name),
format(b2, "%`'s (sym->st_name)",
getelfstring(elf, st->st_size, strtab, sym->st_name)));
printelfsymbolinfo(sym);
printelfsymbolother(sym);
show(".short", format(b1, "%d", sym->st_shndx),
format(b2, "%s sym->st_shndx",
sym->st_shndx < 0xff00
? format(b1, "%`'s",
getelfstring(elf, st->st_size, shstrtab,
getelfsectionheaderaddress(
elf, st->st_size, sym->st_shndx)
->sh_name))
: findnamebyid(kElfSpecialSectionNames, sym->st_shndx)));
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", sym->st_value), "sym->st_value");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#x", sym->st_size), "sym->st_size");
}
static void printelfsymboltable(void) {
size_t i, symcount = 0;
Elf64_Sym *symtab = getelfsymboltable(elf, st->st_size, &symcount);
char *strtab = getelfstringtable(elf, st->st_size);
char *shstrtab = getelfsectionnamestringtable(elf, st->st_size);
if (symtab && strtab) {
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t.org\t%#x\n", (intptr_t)symtab - (intptr_t)elf);
for (i = 0; i < symcount; ++i) {
printf(".Lsym%d:\n", i);
printelfsymbol(&symtab[i], strtab, shstrtab);
}
}
}
static char *getelfsymbolname(const Elf64_Ehdr *elf, size_t mapsize,
const char *strtab, const char *shstrtab,
const Elf64_Sym *sym) {
char *res;
const Elf64_Shdr *shdr;
if (elf && sym &&
((shstrtab && !sym->st_name &&
ELF64_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) == STT_SECTION &&
(shdr = getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, mapsize, sym->st_shndx)) &&
(res = getelfstring(elf, mapsize, shstrtab, shdr->sh_name))) ||
(strtab && (res = getelfstring(elf, mapsize, strtab, sym->st_name))))) {
return res;
} else {
return NULL;
}
}
static void printelfrelocations(void) {
int sym;
size_t i, j;
const Elf64_Sym *syms;
const Elf64_Rela *rela;
const Elf64_Shdr *shdr, *boop;
char *strtab, *shstrtab, *symbolname;
strtab = getelfstringtable(elf, st->st_size);
shstrtab = getelfsectionnamestringtable(elf, st->st_size);
for (i = 0; i < elf->e_shnum; ++i) {
if ((shdr = getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, i)) &&
shdr->sh_type == SHT_RELA &&
(rela = getelfsectionaddress(elf, st->st_size, shdr))) {
printf("\n/\t%s\n", getelfsectionname(elf, st->st_size, shdr));
printf("\t.org\t%#x\n", (intptr_t)rela - (intptr_t)elf);
for (j = 0; ((uintptr_t)rela + sizeof(Elf64_Rela) <=
min((uintptr_t)elf + st->st_size,
(uintptr_t)elf + shdr->sh_offset + shdr->sh_size));
++rela, ++j) {
boop = getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, shdr->sh_link);
syms = getelfsectionaddress(elf, st->st_size, boop);
sym = ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info);
symbolname =
getelfsymbolname(elf, st->st_size, strtab, shstrtab, &syms[sym]);
printf("/\t%s+%#lx → %s%c%#lx\n",
getelfstring(
elf, st->st_size, shstrtab,
getelfsectionheaderaddress(elf, st->st_size, shdr->sh_info)
->sh_name),
rela->r_offset, symbolname, rela->r_addend >= 0 ? '+' : '-',
abs(rela->r_addend));
printf("%s_%zu_%zu:\n", ".Lrela", i, j);
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#lx", rela->r_offset), "rela->r_offset");
show(".long",
format(b1, "%s%s", "R_X86_64_",
findnamebyid(kElfNexgen32eRelocationNames,
ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info))),
"ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info)");
show(".long", format(b1, "%d", ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info)),
"ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info)");
show(".quad", format(b1, "%#lx", rela->r_addend), "rela->r_addend");
}
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
showcrashreports();
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %`s FILE: %s\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
path = argv[1];
int64_t fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1) {
if (errno == ENOENT) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: %`s not found\n", path);
exit(1);
}
perror("open");
exit(1);
}
fstat(fd, st);
CHECK_NE(MAP_FAILED,
(elf = mmap(NULL, st->st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)));
if (memcmp(elf->e_ident, ELFMAG, 4) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: not an elf executable: %'s\n", path);
exit(1);
}
startfile();
printelfehdr();
printelfsegmentheaders();
printelfsectionheaders();
printelfrelocations();
printelfsymboltable();
munmap(elf, st->st_size);
close(fd);
return 0;
}