Adds auth package with token auth backend

Docker-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Josh Hawn <josh.hawn@docker.com> (github: jlhawn)

auth/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// Resource describes a resource by type and name.
+type Resource struct {
+	Type string
+	Name string
+}
+
+// Access describes a specific action that is
+// requested or allowed for a given recource.
+type Access struct {
+	Resource
+	Action string
+}
+
+// Challenge is a special error type which is used for HTTP 401 Unauthorized
+// responses and is able to write the response with WWW-Authenticate challenge
+// header values based on the error.
+type Challenge interface {
+	error
+	Status() int
+	SetHeader(header http.Header)
+	ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
+}
+
+// AccessController controls access to registry resources based on a request
+// and required access levels for a request. Implementations can support both
+// complete denial and http authorization challenges.
+type AccessController interface {
+	// Authorized returns non-nil if the request is granted the request
+	// access. If the error is non-nil, access should always be denied. The
+	// error may be of type Challenge, in which case the caller may have the
+	// Challenge handle the request or choose what action to take based on the
+	// Challenge header or response status.
+	//
+	// In the future, other error types, besides Challenge, may be added to
+	// support more complex authorization flows.
+	Authorized(req *http.Request, access ...Access) error
+}
+
+// InitFunc is the type of an AccessController factory function and is used
+// to register the contsructor for different AccesController backends.
+type InitFunc func(options map[string]interface{}) (AccessController, error)
+
+var accessControllers map[string]InitFunc
+
+func init() {
+	accessControllers = make(map[string]InitFunc)
+}
+
+// Register is used to register an InitFunc for
+// an AccessController backend with the given name.
+func Register(name string, initFunc InitFunc) error {
+	if _, exists := accessControllers[name]; exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("name already registered: %s", name)
+	}
+
+	accessControllers[name] = initFunc
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAccessController constructs an AccessController
+// with the given options using the named backend.
+func GetAccessController(name string, options map[string]interface{}) (AccessController, error) {
+	if initFunc, exists := accessControllers[name]; exists {
+		return initFunc(options)
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no access controller registered with name: %s", name)
+}

auth/token/accesscontroller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker-registry/auth"
+	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
+)
+
+// accessSet maps a typed, named resource to
+// a set of actions requested or authorized.
+type accessSet map[auth.Resource]actionSet
+
+// newAccessSet constructs an accessSet from
+// a variable number of auth.Access items.
+func newAccessSet(accessItems ...auth.Access) accessSet {
+	accessSet := make(accessSet, len(accessItems))
+
+	for _, access := range accessItems {
+		resource := auth.Resource{
+			Type: access.Type,
+			Name: access.Name,
+		}
+
+		set := accessSet[resource]
+		if set == nil {
+			set = make(actionSet)
+			accessSet[resource] = set
+		}
+
+		set[access.Action] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return accessSet
+}
+
+// contains returns whether or not the given access is in this accessSet.
+func (s accessSet) contains(access auth.Access) bool {
+	actionSet, ok := s[access.Resource]
+	if ok {
+		return actionSet.contains(access.Action)
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// scopeParam returns a collection of scopes which can
+// be used for a WWW-Authenticate challenge parameter.
+// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750#section-3
+func (s accessSet) scopeParam() string {
+	scopes := make([]string, 0, len(s))
+
+	for resource, actionSet := range s {
+		actions := strings.Join(actionSet.keys(), ",")
+		scopes = append(scopes, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%s", resource.Type, resource.Name, actions))
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(scopes, " ")
+}
+
+// Errors used and exported by this package.
+var (
+	ErrInsufficientScope = errors.New("insufficient scope")
+	ErrTokenRequired     = errors.New("authorization token required")
+)
+
+// authChallenge implements the auth.Challenge interface.
+type authChallenge struct {
+	err       error
+	realm     string
+	service   string
+	accessSet accessSet
+}
+
+// Error returns the internal error string for this authChallenge.
+func (ac *authChallenge) Error() string {
+	return ac.err.Error()
+}
+
+// Status returns the HTTP Response Status Code for this authChallenge.
+func (ac *authChallenge) Status() int {
+	return http.StatusUnauthorized
+}
+
+// challengeParams constructs the value to be used in
+// the WWW-Authenticate response challenge header.
+// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750#section-3
+func (ac *authChallenge) challengeParams() string {
+	str := fmt.Sprintf("Bearer realm=%s,service=%s", strconv.Quote(ac.realm), strconv.Quote(ac.service))
+
+	if scope := ac.accessSet.scopeParam(); scope != "" {
+		str = fmt.Sprintf("%s,scope=%s", str, strconv.Quote(scope))
+	}
+
+	if ac.err == ErrInvalidToken || ac.err == ErrMalformedToken {
+		str = fmt.Sprintf("%s,error=%s", str, strconv.Quote("invalid_token"))
+	} else if ac.err == ErrInsufficientScope {
+		str = fmt.Sprintf("%s,error=%s", str, strconv.Quote("insufficient_scope"))
+	}
+
+	return str
+}
+
+// SetHeader sets the WWW-Authenticate value for the given header.
+func (ac *authChallenge) SetHeader(header http.Header) {
+	header.Add(http.CanonicalHeaderKey("WWW-Authenticate"), ac.challengeParams())
+}
+
+// ServeHttp handles writing the challenge response
+// by setting the challenge header and status code.
+func (ac *authChallenge) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ac.SetHeader(w.Header())
+	w.WriteHeader(ac.Status())
+}
+
+// accessController implements the auth.AccessController interface.
+type accessController struct {
+	realm       string
+	issuer      string
+	service     string
+	rootCerts   *x509.CertPool
+	trustedKeys map[string]libtrust.PublicKey
+}
+
+// tokenAccessOptions is a convenience type for handling
+// options to the contstructor of an accessController.
+type tokenAccessOptions struct {
+	realm          string
+	issuer         string
+	service        string
+	rootCertBundle string
+}
+
+// checkOptions gathers the necessary options
+// for an accessController from the given map.
+func checkOptions(options map[string]interface{}) (tokenAccessOptions, error) {
+	var opts tokenAccessOptions
+
+	keys := []string{"realm", "issuer", "service", "rootCertBundle"}
+	vals := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		val, ok := options[key].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return opts, fmt.Errorf("token auth requires a valid option string: %q", key)
+		}
+		vals = append(vals, val)
+	}
+
+	opts.realm, opts.issuer, opts.service, opts.rootCertBundle = vals[0], vals[1], vals[2], vals[3]
+
+	return opts, nil
+}
+
+// newAccessController creates an accessController using the given options.
+func newAccessController(options map[string]interface{}) (auth.AccessController, error) {
+	config, err := checkOptions(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	fp, err := os.Open(config.rootCertBundle)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to open token auth root certificate bundle file %q: %s", config.rootCertBundle, err)
+	}
+	defer fp.Close()
+
+	rawCertBundle, err := ioutil.ReadAll(fp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read token auth root certificate bundle file %q: %s", config.rootCertBundle, err)
+	}
+
+	var rootCerts []*x509.Certificate
+	pemBlock, rawCertBundle := pem.Decode(rawCertBundle)
+	for pemBlock != nil {
+		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(pemBlock.Bytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse token auth root certificate: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		rootCerts = append(rootCerts, cert)
+
+		pemBlock, rawCertBundle = pem.Decode(rawCertBundle)
+	}
+
+	if len(rootCerts) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("token auth requires at least one token signing root certificate")
+	}
+
+	rootPool := x509.NewCertPool()
+	trustedKeys := make(map[string]libtrust.PublicKey, len(rootCerts))
+	for _, rootCert := range rootCerts {
+		rootPool.AddCert(rootCert)
+		pubKey, err := libtrust.FromCryptoPublicKey(crypto.PublicKey(rootCert.PublicKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get public key from token auth root certificate: %s", err)
+		}
+		trustedKeys[pubKey.KeyID()] = pubKey
+	}
+
+	return &accessController{
+		realm:       config.realm,
+		issuer:      config.issuer,
+		service:     config.service,
+		rootCerts:   rootPool,
+		trustedKeys: trustedKeys,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Authorized handles checking whether the given request is authorized
+// for actions on resources described by the given access items.
+func (ac *accessController) Authorized(req *http.Request, accessItems ...auth.Access) error {
+	challenge := &authChallenge{
+		realm:     ac.realm,
+		service:   ac.service,
+		accessSet: newAccessSet(accessItems...),
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(req.Header.Get("Authorization"), " ")
+
+	if len(parts) != 2 || strings.ToLower(parts[0]) != "bearer" {
+		challenge.err = ErrTokenRequired
+		return challenge
+	}
+
+	rawToken := parts[1]
+
+	token, err := NewToken(rawToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		challenge.err = err
+		return challenge
+	}
+
+	verifyOpts := VerifyOptions{
+		TrustedIssuers:    newStringSet(ac.issuer),
+		AccpetedAudiences: newStringSet(ac.service),
+		Roots:             ac.rootCerts,
+		TrustedKeys:       ac.trustedKeys,
+	}
+
+	if err = token.Verify(verifyOpts); err != nil {
+		challenge.err = err
+		return challenge
+	}
+
+	accessSet := token.accessSet()
+	for _, access := range accessItems {
+		if !accessSet.contains(access) {
+			challenge.err = ErrInsufficientScope
+			return challenge
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// init handles registering the token auth backend.
+func init() {
+	auth.Register("token", auth.InitFunc(newAccessController))
+}

auth/token/token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker-registry/auth"
+)
+
+const (
+	// TokenSeparator is the value which separates the header, claims, and
+	// signature in the compact serialization of a JSON Web Token.
+	TokenSeparator = "."
+)
+
+// Errors used by token parsing and verification.
+var (
+	ErrMalformedToken = errors.New("malformed token")
+	ErrInvalidToken   = errors.New("invalid token")
+)
+
+// ResourceActions stores allowed actions on a named and typed resource.
+type ResourceActions struct {
+	Type    string   `json:"type"`
+	Name    string   `json:"name"`
+	Actions []string `json:"actions"`
+}
+
+// ClaimSet describes the main section of a JSON Web Token.
+type ClaimSet struct {
+	// Public claims
+	Issuer     string `json:"iss"`
+	Subject    string `json:"sub"`
+	Audience   string `json:"aud"`
+	Expiration int64  `json:"exp"`
+	NotBefore  int64  `json:"nbf"`
+	IssuedAt   int64  `json:"iat"`
+	JWTID      string `json:"jti"`
+
+	// Private claims
+	Access []*ResourceActions
+}
+
+// Header describes the header section of a JSON Web Token.
+type Header struct {
+	Type       string             `json:"typ"`
+	SigningAlg string             `json:"alg"`
+	KeyID      string             `json:"kid,omitempty"`
+	RawJWK     json.RawMessage    `json:"jwk"`
+	SigningKey libtrust.PublicKey `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// CheckSigningKey parses the `jwk` field of a JOSE header and sets the
+// SigningKey field if it is valid.
+func (h *Header) CheckSigningKey() (err error) {
+	if len(h.RawJWK) == 0 {
+		// No signing key was specified.
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.SigningKey, err = libtrust.UnmarshalPublicKeyJWK([]byte(h.RawJWK))
+	h.RawJWK = nil // Don't need this anymore!
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Token describes a JSON Web Token.
+type Token struct {
+	Raw       string
+	Header    *Header
+	Claims    *ClaimSet
+	Signature []byte
+	Valid     bool
+}
+
+// VerifyOptions is used to specify
+// options when verifying a JSON Web Token.
+type VerifyOptions struct {
+	TrustedIssuers    stringSet
+	AccpetedAudiences stringSet
+	Roots             *x509.CertPool
+	TrustedKeys       map[string]libtrust.PublicKey
+}
+
+// NewToken parses the given raw token string
+// and constructs an unverified JSON Web Token.
+func NewToken(rawToken string) (*Token, error) {
+	parts := strings.Split(rawToken, TokenSeparator)
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	var (
+		rawHeader, rawClaims   = parts[0], parts[1]
+		headerJSON, claimsJSON []byte
+		err                    error
+	)
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("error while unmarshalling raw token: %s", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if headerJSON, err = joseBase64UrlDecode(rawHeader); err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unable to decode header: %s", err)
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	if claimsJSON, err = joseBase64UrlDecode(rawClaims); err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unable to decode claims: %s", err)
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	token := new(Token)
+	token.Header = new(Header)
+	token.Claims = new(ClaimSet)
+
+	token.Raw = strings.Join(parts[:2], TokenSeparator)
+	if token.Signature, err = joseBase64UrlDecode(parts[2]); err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unable to decode signature: %s", err)
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(headerJSON, token.Header); err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	if err = token.Header.CheckSigningKey(); err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(claimsJSON, token.Claims); err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformedToken
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+// Verify attempts to verify this token using the given options.
+// Returns a nil error if the token is valid.
+func (t *Token) Verify(verifyOpts VerifyOptions) error {
+	if t.Valid {
+		// Token was already verified.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Verify that the Issuer claim is a trusted authority.
+	if !verifyOpts.TrustedIssuers.contains(t.Claims.Issuer) {
+		log.Errorf("token from untrusted issuer: %q", t.Claims.Issuer)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// Verify that the Audience claim is allowed.
+	if !verifyOpts.AccpetedAudiences.contains(t.Claims.Audience) {
+		log.Errorf("token intended for another audience: %q", t.Claims.Audience)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// Verify that the token is currently usable and not expired.
+	currentUnixTime := time.Now().Unix()
+	if !(t.Claims.NotBefore <= currentUnixTime && currentUnixTime <= t.Claims.Expiration) {
+		log.Errorf("token not to be used before %d or after %d - currently %d", t.Claims.NotBefore, t.Claims.Expiration, currentUnixTime)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// Verify the token signature.
+	if len(t.Signature) == 0 {
+		log.Error("token has no signature")
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// If the token header has a SigningKey field, verify the signature
+	// using that key and its included x509 certificate chain if necessary.
+	// If the Header's SigningKey field is nil, try using the KeyID field.
+	signingKey := t.Header.SigningKey
+
+	if signingKey == nil {
+		// Find the key in the given collection of trusted keys.
+		trustedKey, ok := verifyOpts.TrustedKeys[t.Header.KeyID]
+		if !ok {
+			log.Errorf("token signed by untrusted key with ID: %q", t.Header.KeyID)
+			return ErrInvalidToken
+		}
+		signingKey = trustedKey
+	}
+
+	// First verify the signature of the token using the key which signed it.
+	if err := signingKey.Verify(strings.NewReader(t.Raw), t.Header.SigningAlg, t.Signature); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("unable to verify token signature: %s", err)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// Next, check if the signing key is one of the trusted keys.
+	if _, isTrustedKey := verifyOpts.TrustedKeys[signingKey.KeyID()]; isTrustedKey {
+		// We're done! The token was signed by a trusted key and has been verified!
+		t.Valid = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, we need to check the sigining keys included certificate chain.
+	return t.verifyCertificateChain(signingKey, verifyOpts.Roots)
+}
+
+// verifyCertificateChain attempts to verify the token using the "x5c" field
+// of the given leafKey which was used to sign it. Returns a nil error if
+// the key's certificate chain is valid and rooted an one of the given roots.
+func (t *Token) verifyCertificateChain(leafKey libtrust.PublicKey, roots *x509.CertPool) error {
+	// In this case, the token signature is valid, but the key that signed it
+	// is not in our set of trusted keys. So, we'll need to check if the
+	// token's signing key included an x509 certificate chain that can be
+	// verified up to one of our trusted roots.
+	x5cVal, ok := leafKey.GetExtendedField("x5c").([]interface{})
+	if !ok || x5cVal == nil {
+		log.Error("unable to verify token signature: signed by untrusted key with no valid certificate chain")
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// Ensure each item is of the correct type.
+	x5c := make([]string, len(x5cVal))
+	for i, val := range x5cVal {
+		certString, ok := val.(string)
+		if !ok || len(certString) == 0 {
+			log.Error("unable to verify token signature: signed by untrusted key with malformed certificate chain")
+			return ErrInvalidToken
+		}
+		x5c[i] = certString
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the first element is encoded correctly.
+	leafCertDer, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(x5c[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("unable to decode signing key leaf cert: %s", err)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// And that it is a valid x509 certificate.
+	leafCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(leafCertDer)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("unable to parse signing key leaf cert: %s", err)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// Verify that the public key in the leaf cert *is* the signing key.
+	leafCryptoKey, ok := leafCert.PublicKey.(crypto.PublicKey)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Error("unable to get signing key leaf cert public key value")
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	leafPubKey, err := libtrust.FromCryptoPublicKey(leafCryptoKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("unable to make libtrust public key from signing key leaf cert: %s", err)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	if leafPubKey.KeyID() != leafKey.KeyID() {
+		log.Error("token signing key ID and leaf certificate public key ID do not match")
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// The rest of the x5c array are intermediate certificates.
+	intermediates := x509.NewCertPool()
+	for i := 1; i < len(x5c); i++ {
+		intermediateCertDer, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(x5c[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("unable to decode signing key intermediate cert: %s", err)
+			return ErrInvalidToken
+		}
+
+		intermediateCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(intermediateCertDer)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("unable to parse signing key intermediate cert: %s", err)
+			return ErrInvalidToken
+		}
+
+		intermediates.AddCert(intermediateCert)
+	}
+
+	verifyOpts := x509.VerifyOptions{
+		Intermediates: intermediates,
+		Roots:         roots,
+		KeyUsages:     []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageAny},
+	}
+
+	// TODO: this call returns certificate chains which we ignore for now, but
+	// we should check them for revocations if we have the ability later.
+	if _, err = leafCert.Verify(verifyOpts); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("unable to verify signing key certificate: %s", err)
+		return ErrInvalidToken
+	}
+
+	// The signing key's x509 chain is valid!
+	t.Valid = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// accessSet returns a set of actions available for the resource
+// actions listed in the `access` section of this token.
+func (t *Token) accessSet() accessSet {
+	if t.Claims == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	accessSet := make(accessSet, len(t.Claims.Access))
+
+	for _, resourceActions := range t.Claims.Access {
+		resource := auth.Resource{
+			Type: resourceActions.Type,
+			Name: resourceActions.Name,
+		}
+
+		set := accessSet[resource]
+		if set == nil {
+			set = make(actionSet)
+			accessSet[resource] = set
+		}
+
+		for _, action := range resourceActions.Actions {
+			set[action] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return accessSet
+}
+
+func (t *Token) compactRaw() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", t.Raw, joseBase64UrlEncode(t.Signature))
+}

auth/token/token_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker-registry/auth"
+	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
+)
+
+func makeRootKeys(numKeys int) ([]libtrust.PrivateKey, error) {
+	keys := make([]libtrust.PrivateKey, 0, numKeys)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numKeys; i++ {
+		key, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+
+	return keys, nil
+}
+
+func makeSigningKeyWithChain(rootKey libtrust.PrivateKey, depth int) (libtrust.PrivateKey, error) {
+	if depth == 0 {
+		// Don't need to build a chain.
+		return rootKey, nil
+	}
+
+	var (
+		x5c       = make([]string, depth)
+		parentKey = rootKey
+		key       libtrust.PrivateKey
+		cert      *x509.Certificate
+		err       error
+	)
+
+	for depth > 0 {
+		if key, err = libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if cert, err = libtrust.GenerateCACert(parentKey, key); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		depth--
+		x5c[depth] = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cert.Raw)
+		parentKey = key
+	}
+
+	key.AddExtendedField("x5c", x5c)
+
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func makeRootCerts(rootKeys []libtrust.PrivateKey) ([]*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	certs := make([]*x509.Certificate, 0, len(rootKeys))
+
+	for _, key := range rootKeys {
+		cert, err := libtrust.GenerateCACert(key, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		certs = append(certs, cert)
+	}
+
+	return certs, nil
+}
+
+func makeTrustedKeyMap(rootKeys []libtrust.PrivateKey) map[string]libtrust.PublicKey {
+	trustedKeys := make(map[string]libtrust.PublicKey, len(rootKeys))
+
+	for _, key := range rootKeys {
+		trustedKeys[key.KeyID()] = key.PublicKey()
+	}
+
+	return trustedKeys
+}
+
+func makeTestToken(issuer, audience string, access []*ResourceActions, rootKey libtrust.PrivateKey, depth int) (*Token, error) {
+	signingKey, err := makeSigningKeyWithChain(rootKey, depth)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to amke signing key with chain: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	rawJWK, err := signingKey.PublicKey().MarshalJSON()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to marshal signing key to JSON: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	joseHeader := &Header{
+		Type:       "JWT",
+		SigningAlg: "ES256",
+		RawJWK:     json.RawMessage(rawJWK),
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	randomBytes := make([]byte, 15)
+	if _, err = rand.Read(randomBytes); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read random bytes for jwt id: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	claimSet := &ClaimSet{
+		Issuer:     issuer,
+		Subject:    "foo",
+		Audience:   audience,
+		Expiration: now.Add(5 * time.Minute).Unix(),
+		NotBefore:  now.Unix(),
+		IssuedAt:   now.Unix(),
+		JWTID:      base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(randomBytes),
+		Access:     access,
+	}
+
+	var joseHeaderBytes, claimSetBytes []byte
+
+	if joseHeaderBytes, err = json.Marshal(joseHeader); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to marshal jose header: %s", err)
+	}
+	if claimSetBytes, err = json.Marshal(claimSet); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to marshal claim set: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	encodedJoseHeader := joseBase64UrlEncode(joseHeaderBytes)
+	encodedClaimSet := joseBase64UrlEncode(claimSetBytes)
+	encodingToSign := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", encodedJoseHeader, encodedClaimSet)
+
+	var signatureBytes []byte
+	if signatureBytes, _, err = signingKey.Sign(strings.NewReader(encodingToSign), crypto.SHA256); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to sign jwt payload: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	signature := joseBase64UrlEncode(signatureBytes)
+	tokenString := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", encodingToSign, signature)
+
+	return NewToken(tokenString)
+}
+
+// This test makes 4 tokens with a varying number of intermediate
+// certificates ranging from no intermediate chain to a length of 3
+// intermediates.
+func TestTokenVerify(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		numTokens = 4
+		issuer    = "test-issuer"
+		audience  = "test-audience"
+		access    = []*ResourceActions{
+			{
+				Type:    "repository",
+				Name:    "foo/bar",
+				Actions: []string{"pull", "push"},
+			},
+		}
+	)
+
+	rootKeys, err := makeRootKeys(numTokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rootCerts, err := makeRootCerts(rootKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rootPool := x509.NewCertPool()
+	for _, rootCert := range rootCerts {
+		rootPool.AddCert(rootCert)
+	}
+
+	trustedKeys := makeTrustedKeyMap(rootKeys)
+
+	tokens := make([]*Token, 0, numTokens)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numTokens; i++ {
+		token, err := makeTestToken(issuer, audience, access, rootKeys[i], i)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		tokens = append(tokens, token)
+	}
+
+	verifyOps := VerifyOptions{
+		TrustedIssuers:    newStringSet(issuer),
+		AccpetedAudiences: newStringSet(audience),
+		Roots:             rootPool,
+		TrustedKeys:       trustedKeys,
+	}
+
+	for _, token := range tokens {
+		if err := token.Verify(verifyOps); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if !token.Valid {
+			t.Fatal("token not marked as Valid")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func writeTempRootCerts(rootKeys []libtrust.PrivateKey) (filename string, err error) {
+	rootCerts, err := makeRootCerts(rootKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	tempFile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "rootCertBundle")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer tempFile.Close()
+
+	for _, cert := range rootCerts {
+		if err = pem.Encode(tempFile, &pem.Block{
+			Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+			Bytes: cert.Raw,
+		}); err != nil {
+			os.Remove(tempFile.Name())
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return tempFile.Name(), nil
+}
+
+// TestAccessController tests complete integration of the token auth package.
+// It starts by mocking the options for a token auth accessController which
+// it creates. It then tries a few mock requests:
+// 		- don't supply a token; should error with challenge
+//		- supply an invalid token; should error with challenge
+// 		- supply a token with insufficient access; should error with challenge
+//		- supply a valid token; should not error
+func TestAccessController(t *testing.T) {
+	// Make 2 keys; only the first is to be a trusted root key.
+	rootKeys, err := makeRootKeys(2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rootCertBundleFilename, err := writeTempRootCerts(rootKeys[:1])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(rootCertBundleFilename)
+
+	realm := "https://auth.example.com/token/"
+	issuer := "test-issuer.example.com"
+	service := "test-service.example.com"
+
+	options := map[string]interface{}{
+		"realm":          realm,
+		"issuer":         issuer,
+		"service":        service,
+		"rootCertBundle": rootCertBundleFilename,
+	}
+
+	accessController, err := newAccessController(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// 1. Make a mock http.Request with no token.
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.com/foo", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	testAccess := auth.Access{
+		Resource: auth.Resource{
+			Type: "foo",
+			Name: "bar",
+		},
+		Action: "baz",
+	}
+
+	err = accessController.Authorized(req, testAccess)
+	challenge, ok := err.(auth.Challenge)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("accessController did not return a challenge")
+	}
+
+	if challenge.Error() != ErrTokenRequired.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("accessControler did not get expected error - got %s - expected %s", challenge, ErrTokenRequired)
+	}
+
+	// 2. Supply an invalid token.
+	token, err := makeTestToken(
+		issuer, service,
+		[]*ResourceActions{{
+			Type:    testAccess.Type,
+			Name:    testAccess.Name,
+			Actions: []string{testAccess.Action},
+		}},
+		rootKeys[1], 1, // Everything is valid except the key which signed it.
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token.compactRaw()))
+
+	err = accessController.Authorized(req, testAccess)
+	challenge, ok = err.(auth.Challenge)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("accessController did not return a challenge")
+	}
+
+	if challenge.Error() != ErrInvalidToken.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("accessControler did not get expected error - got %s - expected %s", challenge, ErrTokenRequired)
+	}
+
+	// 3. Supply a token with insufficient access.
+	token, err = makeTestToken(
+		issuer, service,
+		[]*ResourceActions{}, // No access specified.
+		rootKeys[0], 1,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token.compactRaw()))
+
+	err = accessController.Authorized(req, testAccess)
+	challenge, ok = err.(auth.Challenge)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("accessController did not return a challenge")
+	}
+
+	if challenge.Error() != ErrInsufficientScope.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("accessControler did not get expected error - got %s - expected %s", challenge, ErrInsufficientScope)
+	}
+
+	// 4. Supply the token we need, or deserve, or whatever.
+	token, err = makeTestToken(
+		issuer, service,
+		[]*ResourceActions{{
+			Type:    testAccess.Type,
+			Name:    testAccess.Name,
+			Actions: []string{testAccess.Action},
+		}},
+		rootKeys[0], 1, // Everything is valid except the key which signed it.
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token.compactRaw()))
+
+	if err = accessController.Authorized(req, testAccess); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("accessController returned unexpected error: %s", err)
+	}
+}

auth/token/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// joseBase64UrlEncode encodes the given data using the standard base64 url
+// encoding format but with all trailing '=' characters ommitted in accordance
+// with the jose specification.
+// http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature-31#section-2
+func joseBase64UrlEncode(b []byte) string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), "=")
+}
+
+// joseBase64UrlDecode decodes the given string using the standard base64 url
+// decoder but first adds the appropriate number of trailing '=' characters in
+// accordance with the jose specification.
+// http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature-31#section-2
+func joseBase64UrlDecode(s string) ([]byte, error) {
+	switch len(s) % 4 {
+	case 0:
+	case 2:
+		s += "=="
+	case 3:
+		s += "="
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("illegal base64url string")
+	}
+	return base64.URLEncoding.DecodeString(s)
+}
+
+// stringSet is a useful type for looking up strings.
+type stringSet map[string]struct{}
+
+func newStringSet(strs ...string) stringSet {
+	set := make(stringSet, len(strs))
+	for _, str := range strs {
+		set[str] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return set
+}
+
+// contains returns whether the given key is in this StringSet.
+func (ss stringSet) contains(key string) bool {
+	_, ok := ss[key]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// keys returns a slice of all keys in this stringSet.
+func (ss stringSet) keys() []string {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(ss))
+
+	for key := range ss {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+
+	return keys
+}
+
+// actionSet is a special type of stringSet.
+type actionSet stringSet
+
+// contains calls stringSet.contains() for
+// either "*" or the given action string.
+func (s actionSet) contains(action string) bool {
+	ss := stringSet(s)
+
+	return ss.contains("*") || ss.contains(action)
+}
+
+// keys wraps stringSet.keys()
+func (s actionSet) keys() []string {
+	return stringSet(s).keys()
+}