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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
menu "Memory Management options"
config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
def_bool y
depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
choice
prompt "Memory model"
depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
default FLATMEM_MANUAL
help
This option allows you to change some of the ways that
Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
only have one option here selected by the architecture
configuration. This is normal.
config FLATMEM_MANUAL
bool "Flat Memory"
depends on !ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
help
This option is best suited for non-NUMA systems with
flat address space. The FLATMEM is the most efficient
system in terms of performance and resource consumption
and it is the best option for smaller systems.
For systems that have holes in their physical address
spaces and for features like NUMA and memory hotplug,
choose "Sparse Memory".
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
bool "Sparse Memory"
depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
help
This will be the only option for some systems, including
memory hot-plug systems. This is normal.
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
This option provides efficient support for systems with
holes is their physical address space and allows memory
hot-plug and hot-remove.
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
endchoice
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
config SPARSEMEM
def_bool y
depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
config FLATMEM
def_bool y
depends on !SPARSEMEM || FLATMEM_MANUAL
[PATCH] sparsemem memory model Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[]. This kind of mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems. Sparsemem replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually become a complete replacement. A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated from CONFIG_NUMA. When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA and DISCONTIG are often confused. Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be contiguous. It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems, where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory. Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory. This is what allows the mem_map[] to be chopped up. In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page is encoded in page->flags. Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the page_zone() and sparsemem operations. However, on 32-bit architectures, the number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the page->flags type in certain conditions. Several things might force this to occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the number of used page->flags. One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags. It might provide speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is room. But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is used. This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM. It is used in almost all cases where there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM often have to compile out the same areas of code. Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23 07:07:54 +00:00
#
# SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
# allocations when sparse_init() is called. If this cannot
# be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
# statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
# consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
#
# This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
# with gcc 3.4 and later.
#
config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
bool
#
# Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
# must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
# an extremely sparse physical address space.
#
config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
def_bool y
depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
[PATCH] mm: split page table lock Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of a large anonymous area. This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single page_table_lock. (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.) In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled. Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access. Ideally, I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs. So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with NR_CPUS. But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps change that to 8 later. There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-30 01:16:40 +00:00
config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
bool
config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap"
depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
default y
help
SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP
bool
config HAVE_FAST_GUP
depends on MMU
bool
mm: introduce a general RCU get_user_pages_fast() This series implements general forms of get_user_pages_fast and __get_user_pages_fast in core code and activates them for arm and arm64. These are required for Transparent HugePages to function correctly, as a futex on a THP tail will otherwise result in an infinite loop (due to the core implementation of __get_user_pages_fast always returning 0). Unfortunately, a futex on THP tail can be quite common for certain workloads; thus THP is unreliable without a __get_user_pages_fast implementation. This series may also be beneficial for direct-IO heavy workloads and certain KVM workloads. This patch (of 6): get_user_pages_fast() attempts to pin user pages by walking the page tables directly and avoids taking locks. Thus the walker needs to be protected from page table pages being freed from under it, and needs to block any THP splits. One way to achieve this is to have the walker disable interrupts, and rely on IPIs from the TLB flushing code blocking before the page table pages are freed. On some platforms we have hardware broadcast of TLB invalidations, thus the TLB flushing code doesn't necessarily need to broadcast IPIs; and spuriously broadcasting IPIs can hurt system performance if done too often. This problem has been solved on PowerPC and Sparc by batching up page table pages belonging to more than one mm_user, then scheduling an rcu_sched callback to free the pages. This RCU page table free logic has been promoted to core code and is activated when one enables HAVE_RCU_TABLE_FREE. Unfortunately, these architectures implement their own get_user_pages_fast routines. The RCU page table free logic coupled with an IPI broadcast on THP split (which is a rare event), allows one to protect a page table walker by merely disabling the interrupts during the walk. This patch provides a general RCU implementation of get_user_pages_fast that can be used by architectures that perform hardware broadcast of TLB invalidations. It is based heavily on the PowerPC implementation by Nick Piggin. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: various comment fixes] Signed-off-by: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org> Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-09 22:29:14 +00:00
config HOLES_IN_ZONE
bool
# Don't discard allocated memory used to track "memory" and "reserved" memblocks
# after early boot, so it can still be used to test for validity of memory.
# Also, memblocks are updated with memory hot(un)plug.
mm: memblock: make keeping memblock memory opt-in rather than opt-out Most architectures do not need the memblock memory after the page allocator is initialized, but only few enable ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK in the arch Kconfig. Replacing ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK with ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK and inverting the logic makes it clear which architectures actually use memblock after system initialization and skips the necessity to add ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK to the architectures that are still missing that option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1556102150-32517-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org> Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-05-14 00:22:59 +00:00
config ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
bool
# Keep arch NUMA mapping infrastructure post-init.
config NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO
bool
config MEMORY_ISOLATION
bool
memory-hotplug: implement register_page_bootmem_info_section of sparse-vmemmap For removing memmap region of sparse-vmemmap which is allocated bootmem, memmap region of sparse-vmemmap needs to be registered by get_page_bootmem(). So the patch searches pages of virtual mapping and registers the pages by get_page_bootmem(). NOTE: register_page_bootmem_memmap() is not implemented for ia64, ppc, s390, and sparc. So introduce CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE and revert register_page_bootmem_info_node() when platform doesn't support it. It's implemented by adding a new Kconfig option named CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE, which will be automatically selected by memory-hotplug feature fully supported archs(currently only on x86_64). Since we have 2 config options called MEMORY_HOTPLUG and MEMORY_HOTREMOVE used for memory hot-add and hot-remove separately, and codes in function register_page_bootmem_info_node() are only used for collecting infomation for hot-remove, so reside it under MEMORY_HOTREMOVE. Besides page_isolation.c selected by MEMORY_ISOLATION under MEMORY_HOTPLUG is also such case, move it too. [mhocko@suse.cz: put register_page_bootmem_memmap inside CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE] [linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com: introduce CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE and revert register_page_bootmem_info_node()] [mhocko@suse.cz: remove the arch specific functions without any implementation] [linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com: mm/Kconfig: move auto selects from MEMORY_HOTPLUG to MEMORY_HOTREMOVE as needed] [rientjes@google.com: fix defined but not used warning] Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-23 00:33:00 +00:00
#
# Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
# feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
#
config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
def_bool n
mm: generalize ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_[HOTPLUG|HOTREMOVE] ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_[HOTPLUG|HOTREMOVE] configs have duplicate definitions on platforms that subscribe them. Instead, just make them generic options which can be selected on applicable platforms. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1617259448-22529-4-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [arm64] Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> [s390] Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-05-05 01:38:17 +00:00
config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
bool
# eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
config MEMORY_HOTPLUG
bool "Allow for memory hot-add"
mm/memory_hotplug: mark pageblocks MIGRATE_ISOLATE while onlining memory Currently, it can happen that pages are allocated (and freed) via the buddy before we finished basic memory onlining. For example, pages are exposed to the buddy and can be allocated before we actually mark the sections online. Allocated pages could suddenly fail pfn_to_online_page() checks. We had similar issues with pcp handling, when pages are allocated+freed before we reach zone_pcp_update() in online_pages() [1]. Instead, mark all pageblocks MIGRATE_ISOLATE, such that allocations are impossible. Once done with the heavy lifting, use undo_isolate_page_range() to move the pages to the MIGRATE_MOVABLE freelist, marking them ready for allocation. Similar to offline_pages(), we have to manually adjust zone->nr_isolate_pageblock. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1597150703-19003-1-git-send-email-charante@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200819175957.28465-11-david@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-10-16 03:08:23 +00:00
select MEMORY_ISOLATION
depends on SPARSEMEM || X86_64_ACPI_NUMA
depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
mm/memory_hotplug: disable the functionality for 32b Memory hotlug is broken for 32b systems at least since c6f03e2903c9 ("mm, memory_hotplug: remove zone restrictions") which has considerably reworked how can be memory associated with movable/kernel zones. The same is not really trivial to achieve in 32b where only lowmem is the kernel zone. While we can tweak this immediate problem around there are likely other land mines hidden at other places. It is also quite dubious that there is a real usecase for the memory hotplug on 32b in the first place. Low memory is just too small to be hotplugable (for hot add) and generally unusable for hotremove. Adding more memory to highmem is also dubious because it would increase the low mem or vmalloc space pressure for memmaps. Restrict the functionality to 64b systems. This will help future development to focus on usecases that have real life application. We can remove this restriction in future in presence of a real life usecase of course but until then make it explicit that hotplug on 32b is broken and requires a non trivial amount of work to fix. Robin said: "32-bit Arm doesn't support memory hotplug, and as far as I'm aware there's little likelihood of it ever wanting to. FWIW it looks like SuperH is the only pure-32-bit architecture to have hotplug support at all" Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Wei Yang <richardw.yang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Vamshi K Sthambamkadi <vamshi.k.sthambamkadi@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200218100532.GA4151@dhcp22.suse.cz Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206401 Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-06-04 23:48:51 +00:00
depends on 64BIT || BROKEN
select NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO if NUMA
config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
def_bool y
depends on SPARSEMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
memory_hotplug: introduce CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE This patchset continues the work I started with commit 31bc3858ea3e ("memory-hotplug: add automatic onlining policy for the newly added memory"). Initially I was going to stop there and bring the policy setting logic to userspace. I met two issues on this way: 1) It is possible to have memory hotplugged at boot (e.g. with QEMU). These blocks stay offlined if we turn the onlining policy on by userspace. 2) My attempt to bring this policy setting to systemd failed, systemd maintainers suggest to change the default in kernel or ... to use tmpfiles.d to alter the policy (which looks like a hack to me): https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/2938 Here I suggest to add a config option to set the default value for the policy and a kernel command line parameter to make the override. This patch (of 2): Introduce config option to set the default value for memory hotplug onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks). The reason one would want to turn this option on are to have early onlining for hotpluggable memory available at boot and to not require any userspace actions to make memory hotplug work. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak Kconfig text] Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com> Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 00:13:03 +00:00
config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE
bool "Online the newly added memory blocks by default"
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
help
memory_hotplug: introduce CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE This patchset continues the work I started with commit 31bc3858ea3e ("memory-hotplug: add automatic onlining policy for the newly added memory"). Initially I was going to stop there and bring the policy setting logic to userspace. I met two issues on this way: 1) It is possible to have memory hotplugged at boot (e.g. with QEMU). These blocks stay offlined if we turn the onlining policy on by userspace. 2) My attempt to bring this policy setting to systemd failed, systemd maintainers suggest to change the default in kernel or ... to use tmpfiles.d to alter the policy (which looks like a hack to me): https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/2938 Here I suggest to add a config option to set the default value for the policy and a kernel command line parameter to make the override. This patch (of 2): Introduce config option to set the default value for memory hotplug onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks). The reason one would want to turn this option on are to have early onlining for hotpluggable memory available at boot and to not require any userspace actions to make memory hotplug work. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak Kconfig text] Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com> Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 00:13:03 +00:00
This option sets the default policy setting for memory hotplug
onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks) which
determines what happens to newly added memory regions. Policy setting
can always be changed at runtime.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst for more information.
memory_hotplug: introduce CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE This patchset continues the work I started with commit 31bc3858ea3e ("memory-hotplug: add automatic onlining policy for the newly added memory"). Initially I was going to stop there and bring the policy setting logic to userspace. I met two issues on this way: 1) It is possible to have memory hotplugged at boot (e.g. with QEMU). These blocks stay offlined if we turn the onlining policy on by userspace. 2) My attempt to bring this policy setting to systemd failed, systemd maintainers suggest to change the default in kernel or ... to use tmpfiles.d to alter the policy (which looks like a hack to me): https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/2938 Here I suggest to add a config option to set the default value for the policy and a kernel command line parameter to make the override. This patch (of 2): Introduce config option to set the default value for memory hotplug onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks). The reason one would want to turn this option on are to have early onlining for hotpluggable memory available at boot and to not require any userspace actions to make memory hotplug work. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak Kconfig text] Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com> Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 00:13:03 +00:00
Say Y here if you want all hot-plugged memory blocks to appear in
'online' state by default.
Say N here if you want the default policy to keep all hot-plugged
memory blocks in 'offline' state.
mm: generalize ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_[HOTPLUG|HOTREMOVE] ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_[HOTPLUG|HOTREMOVE] configs have duplicate definitions on platforms that subscribe them. Instead, just make them generic options which can be selected on applicable platforms. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1617259448-22529-4-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [arm64] Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> [s390] Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-05-05 01:38:17 +00:00
config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
bool
config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
depends on MIGRATION
mm,memory_hotplug: allocate memmap from the added memory range Physical memory hotadd has to allocate a memmap (struct page array) for the newly added memory section. Currently, alloc_pages_node() is used for those allocations. This has some disadvantages: a) an existing memory is consumed for that purpose (eg: ~2MB per 128MB memory section on x86_64) This can even lead to extreme cases where system goes OOM because the physically hotplugged memory depletes the available memory before it is onlined. b) if the whole node is movable then we have off-node struct pages which has performance drawbacks. c) It might be there are no PMD_ALIGNED chunks so memmap array gets populated with base pages. This can be improved when CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP is enabled. Vmemap page tables can map arbitrary memory. That means that we can reserve a part of the physically hotadded memory to back vmemmap page tables. This implementation uses the beginning of the hotplugged memory for that purpose. There are some non-obviously things to consider though. Vmemmap pages are allocated/freed during the memory hotplug events (add_memory_resource(), try_remove_memory()) when the memory is added/removed. This means that the reserved physical range is not online although it is used. The most obvious side effect is that pfn_to_online_page() returns NULL for those pfns. The current design expects that this should be OK as the hotplugged memory is considered a garbage until it is onlined. For example hibernation wouldn't save the content of those vmmemmaps into the image so it wouldn't be restored on resume but this should be OK as there no real content to recover anyway while metadata is reachable from other data structures (e.g. vmemmap page tables). The reserved space is therefore (de)initialized during the {on,off}line events (mhp_{de}init_memmap_on_memory). That is done by extracting page allocator independent initialization from the regular onlining path. The primary reason to handle the reserved space outside of {on,off}line_pages is to make each initialization specific to the purpose rather than special case them in a single function. As per above, the functions that are introduced are: - mhp_init_memmap_on_memory: Initializes vmemmap pages by calling move_pfn_range_to_zone(), calls kasan_add_zero_shadow(), and onlines as many sections as vmemmap pages fully span. - mhp_deinit_memmap_on_memory: Offlines as many sections as vmemmap pages fully span, removes the range from zhe zone by remove_pfn_range_from_zone(), and calls kasan_remove_zero_shadow() for the range. The new function memory_block_online() calls mhp_init_memmap_on_memory() before doing the actual online_pages(). Should online_pages() fail, we clean up by calling mhp_deinit_memmap_on_memory(). Adjusting of present_pages is done at the end once we know that online_pages() succedeed. On offline, memory_block_offline() needs to unaccount vmemmap pages from present_pages() before calling offline_pages(). This is necessary because offline_pages() tears down some structures based on the fact whether the node or the zone become empty. If offline_pages() fails, we account back vmemmap pages. If it succeeds, we call mhp_deinit_memmap_on_memory(). Hot-remove: We need to be careful when removing memory, as adding and removing memory needs to be done with the same granularity. To check that this assumption is not violated, we check the memory range we want to remove and if a) any memory block has vmemmap pages and b) the range spans more than a single memory block, we scream out loud and refuse to proceed. If all is good and the range was using memmap on memory (aka vmemmap pages), we construct an altmap structure so free_hugepage_table does the right thing and calls vmem_altmap_free instead of free_pagetable. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210421102701.25051-5-osalvador@suse.de Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-05-05 01:39:42 +00:00
config MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY
def_bool y
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
depends on ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE
[PATCH] mm: split page table lock Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of a large anonymous area. This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single page_table_lock. (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.) In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled. Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access. Ideally, I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs. So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with NR_CPUS. But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps change that to 8 later. There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-30 01:16:40 +00:00
# Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
# page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
# space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
# Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
# ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
# PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
# SPARC32 allocates multiple pte tables within a single page, and therefore
# a per-page lock leads to problems when multiple tables need to be locked
# at the same time (e.g. copy_page_range()).
mm: stop ptlock enlarging struct page CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK adds 12 or 16 bytes to a 32- or 64-bit spinlock_t, and CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC adds another 12 or 24 bytes to it: lockdep enables both of those, and CONFIG_LOCK_STAT adds 8 or 16 bytes to that. When 2.6.15 placed the split page table lock inside struct page (usually sized 32 or 56 bytes), only CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK was a possibility, and we ignored the enlargement (but fitted in CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK's 4 by letting the spinlock_t occupy both page->private and page->mapping). Should these debugging options be allowed to double the size of a struct page, when only one minority use of the page (as a page table) needs to fit a spinlock in there? Perhaps not. Take the easy way out: switch off SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS when DEBUG_SPINLOCK or DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is in force. I've sometimes tried to be cleverer, kmallocing a cacheline for the spinlock when it doesn't fit, but given up each time. Falling back to mm->page_table_lock (as we do when ptlock is not split) lets lockdep check out the strictest path anyway. And now that some arches allow 8192 cpus, use 999999 for infinity. (What has this got to do with KSM swapping? It doesn't care about the size of struct page, but may care about random junk in page->mapping - to be explained separately later.) Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:59:02 +00:00
# DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
[PATCH] mm: split page table lock Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of a large anonymous area. This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single page_table_lock. (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.) In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled. Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access. Ideally, I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs. So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with NR_CPUS. But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps change that to 8 later. There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-30 01:16:40 +00:00
#
config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
int
default "999999" if !MMU
mm: stop ptlock enlarging struct page CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK adds 12 or 16 bytes to a 32- or 64-bit spinlock_t, and CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC adds another 12 or 24 bytes to it: lockdep enables both of those, and CONFIG_LOCK_STAT adds 8 or 16 bytes to that. When 2.6.15 placed the split page table lock inside struct page (usually sized 32 or 56 bytes), only CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK was a possibility, and we ignored the enlargement (but fitted in CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK's 4 by letting the spinlock_t occupy both page->private and page->mapping). Should these debugging options be allowed to double the size of a struct page, when only one minority use of the page (as a page table) needs to fit a spinlock in there? Perhaps not. Take the easy way out: switch off SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS when DEBUG_SPINLOCK or DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is in force. I've sometimes tried to be cleverer, kmallocing a cacheline for the spinlock when it doesn't fit, but given up each time. Falling back to mm->page_table_lock (as we do when ptlock is not split) lets lockdep check out the strictest path anyway. And now that some arches allow 8192 cpus, use 999999 for infinity. (What has this got to do with KSM swapping? It doesn't care about the size of struct page, but may care about random junk in page->mapping - to be explained separately later.) Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:59:02 +00:00
default "999999" if ARM && !CPU_CACHE_VIPT
default "999999" if PARISC && !PA20
default "999999" if SPARC32
[PATCH] mm: split page table lock Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of a large anonymous area. This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single page_table_lock. (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.) In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled. Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access. Ideally, I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs. So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with NR_CPUS. But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps change that to 8 later. There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-30 01:16:40 +00:00
default "4"
mm: implement split page table lock for PMD level The basic idea is the same as with PTE level: the lock is embedded into struct page of table's page. We can't use mm->pmd_huge_pte to store pgtables for THP, since we don't take mm->page_table_lock anymore. Let's reuse page->lru of table's page for that. pgtable_pmd_page_ctor() returns true, if initialization is successful and false otherwise. Current implementation never fails, but assumption that constructor can fail will help to port it to -rt where spinlock_t is rather huge and cannot be embedded into struct page -- dynamic allocation is required. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-14 22:31:07 +00:00
config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
bool
mm: implement split page table lock for PMD level The basic idea is the same as with PTE level: the lock is embedded into struct page of table's page. We can't use mm->pmd_huge_pte to store pgtables for THP, since we don't take mm->page_table_lock anymore. Let's reuse page->lru of table's page for that. pgtable_pmd_page_ctor() returns true, if initialization is successful and false otherwise. Current implementation never fails, but assumption that constructor can fail will help to port it to -rt where spinlock_t is rather huge and cannot be embedded into struct page -- dynamic allocation is required. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com> Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-14 22:31:07 +00:00
#
# support for memory balloon
config MEMORY_BALLOON
bool
#
# support for memory balloon compaction
config BALLOON_COMPACTION
bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
def_bool y
depends on COMPACTION && MEMORY_BALLOON
help
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
#
# support for memory compaction
config COMPACTION
bool "Allow for memory compaction"
def_bool y
select MIGRATION
depends on MMU
help
Compaction is the only memory management component to form
high order (larger physically contiguous) memory blocks
reliably. The page allocator relies on compaction heavily and
the lack of the feature can lead to unexpected OOM killer
invocations for high order memory requests. You shouldn't
disable this option unless there really is a strong reason for
it and then we would be really interested to hear about that at
linux-mm@kvack.org.
mm: introduce Reported pages In order to pave the way for free page reporting in virtualized environments we will need a way to get pages out of the free lists and identify those pages after they have been returned. To accomplish this, this patch adds the concept of a Reported Buddy, which is essentially meant to just be the Uptodate flag used in conjunction with the Buddy page type. To prevent the reported pages from leaking outside of the buddy lists I added a check to clear the PageReported bit in the del_page_from_free_list function. As a result any reported page that is split, merged, or allocated will have the flag cleared prior to the PageBuddy value being cleared. The process for reporting pages is fairly simple. Once we free a page that meets the minimum order for page reporting we will schedule a worker thread to start 2s or more in the future. That worker thread will begin working from the lowest supported page reporting order up to MAX_ORDER - 1 pulling unreported pages from the free list and storing them in the scatterlist. When processing each individual free list it is necessary for the worker thread to release the zone lock when it needs to stop and report the full scatterlist of pages. To reduce the work of the next iteration the worker thread will rotate the free list so that the first unreported page in the free list becomes the first entry in the list. It will then call a reporting function providing information on how many entries are in the scatterlist. Once the function completes it will return the pages to the free area from which they were allocated and start over pulling more pages from the free areas until there are no longer enough pages to report on to keep the worker busy, or we have processed as many pages as were contained in the free area when we started processing the list. The worker thread will work in a round-robin fashion making its way though each zone requesting reporting, and through each reportable free list within that zone. Once all free areas within the zone have been processed it will check to see if there have been any requests for reporting while it was processing. If so it will reschedule the worker thread to start up again in roughly 2s and exit. Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Nitesh Narayan Lal <nitesh@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pagupta@redhat.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Wei Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com> Cc: Yang Zhang <yang.zhang.wz@gmail.com> Cc: wei qi <weiqi4@huawei.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200211224635.29318.19750.stgit@localhost.localdomain Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-04-07 03:04:56 +00:00
#
# support for free page reporting
config PAGE_REPORTING
bool "Free page reporting"
def_bool n
help
Free page reporting allows for the incremental acquisition of
free pages from the buddy allocator for the purpose of reporting
those pages to another entity, such as a hypervisor, so that the
memory can be freed within the host for other uses.
#
# support for page migration
#
config MIGRATION
bool "Page migration"
def_bool y
depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
help
Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
allocation instead of reclaiming.
config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
bool
config ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
bool
config HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
def_bool n
help
Allows the pageblock_order value to be dynamic instead of just standard
HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER when there are multiple HugeTLB page sizes available
on a platform.
config CONTIG_ALLOC
def_bool (MEMORY_ISOLATION && COMPACTION) || CMA
config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
def_bool 64BIT
config BOUNCE
bool "Enable bounce buffers"
default y
depends on BLOCK && MMU && HIGHMEM
help
Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access the full range of
memory available to the CPU. Enabled by default when HIGHMEM is
selected, but you may say n to override this.
config VIRT_TO_BUS
bool
help
An architecture should select this if it implements the
deprecated interface virt_to_bus(). All new architectures
should probably not select this.
mmu-notifiers: core With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages. There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too. sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte (and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and reused. Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released (so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in the secondary MMU). The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed, avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for each fixed number of spte unmapped. To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example. This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating primary-mmu pte). At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows several other optimizations that simplify life considerably. Dependencies: 1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical section could later immediately be freed without any further ->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap locks must be taken too. 2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n). This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM are all =n. The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers. Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and -ENOMEM failure paths exists already. struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void) { struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL); + int err; if (!kvm) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages); + kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops; + err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm); + if (err) { + kfree(kvm); + return ERR_PTR(err); + } + return kvm; } mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable. The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need them by luck). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com> Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com> Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com> Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-28 22:46:29 +00:00
config MMU_NOTIFIER
bool
select SRCU
mm/mmu_notifier: add an interval tree notifier Of the 13 users of mmu_notifiers, 8 of them use only invalidate_range_start/end() and immediately intersect the mmu_notifier_range with some kind of internal list of VAs. 4 use an interval tree (i915_gem, radeon_mn, umem_odp, hfi1). 4 use a linked list of some kind (scif_dma, vhost, gntdev, hmm) And the remaining 5 either don't use invalidate_range_start() or do some special thing with it. It turns out that building a correct scheme with an interval tree is pretty complicated, particularly if the use case is synchronizing against another thread doing get_user_pages(). Many of these implementations have various subtle and difficult to fix races. This approach puts the interval tree as common code at the top of the mmu notifier call tree and implements a shareable locking scheme. It includes: - An interval tree tracking VA ranges, with per-range callbacks - A read/write locking scheme for the interval tree that avoids sleeping in the notifier path (for OOM killer) - A sequence counter based collision-retry locking scheme to tell device page fault that a VA range is being concurrently invalidated. This is based on various ideas: - hmm accumulates invalidated VA ranges and releases them when all invalidates are done, via active_invalidate_ranges count. This approach avoids having to intersect the interval tree twice (as umem_odp does) at the potential cost of a longer device page fault. - kvm/umem_odp use a sequence counter to drive the collision retry, via invalidate_seq - a deferred work todo list on unlock scheme like RTNL, via deferred_list. This makes adding/removing interval tree members more deterministic - seqlock, except this version makes the seqlock idea multi-holder on the write side by protecting it with active_invalidate_ranges and a spinlock To minimize MM overhead when only the interval tree is being used, the entire SRCU and hlist overheads are dropped using some simple branches. Similarly the interval tree overhead is dropped when in hlist mode. The overhead from the mandatory spinlock is broadly the same as most of existing users which already had a lock (or two) of some sort on the invalidation path. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191112202231.3856-3-jgg@ziepe.ca Acked-by: Christian König <christian.koenig@amd.com> Tested-by: Philip Yang <Philip.Yang@amd.com> Tested-by: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com>
2019-11-12 20:22:19 +00:00
select INTERVAL_TREE
nommu: make the initial mmap allocation excess behaviour Kconfig configurable NOMMU mmap() has an option controlled by a sysctl variable that determines whether the allocations made by do_mmap_private() should have the excess space trimmed off and returned to the allocator. Make the initial setting of this variable a Kconfig configuration option. The reason there can be excess space is that the allocator only allocates in power-of-2 size chunks, but mmap()'s can be made in sizes that aren't a power of 2. There are two alternatives: (1) Keep the excess as dead space. The dead space then remains unused for the lifetime of the mapping. Mappings of shared objects such as libc, ld.so or busybox's text segment may retain their dead space forever. (2) Return the excess to the allocator. This means that the dead space is limited to less than a page per mapping, but it means that for a transient process, there's more chance of fragmentation as the excess space may be reused fairly quickly. During the boot process, a lot of transient processes are created, and this can cause a lot of fragmentation as the pagecache and various slabs grow greatly during this time. By turning off the trimming of excess space during boot and disabling batching of frees, Coldfire can manage to boot. A better way of doing things might be to have /sbin/init turn this option off. By that point libc, ld.so and init - which are all long-duration processes - have all been loaded and trimmed. Reported-by: Lanttor Guo <lanttor.guo@freescale.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Tested-by: Lanttor Guo <lanttor.guo@freescale.com> Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-05-06 23:03:05 +00:00
ksm: the mm interface to ksm This patch presents the mm interface to a dummy version of ksm.c, for better scrutiny of that interface: the real ksm.c follows later. When CONFIG_KSM is not set, madvise(2) reject MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE with EINVAL, since that seems more helpful than pretending that they can be serviced. But when CONFIG_KSM=y, accept them even if KSM is not currently running, and even on areas which KSM will not touch (e.g. hugetlb or shared file or special driver mappings). Like other madvices, report ENOMEM despite success if any area in the range is unmapped, and use EAGAIN to report out of memory. Define vma flag VM_MERGEABLE to identify an area on which KSM may try merging pages: leave it to ksm_madvise() to decide whether to set it. Define mm flag MMF_VM_MERGEABLE to identify an mm which might contain VM_MERGEABLE areas, to minimize callouts when forking or exiting. Based upon earlier patches by Chris Wright and Izik Eidus. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 00:01:57 +00:00
config KSM
bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
depends on MMU
select XXHASH
ksm: the mm interface to ksm This patch presents the mm interface to a dummy version of ksm.c, for better scrutiny of that interface: the real ksm.c follows later. When CONFIG_KSM is not set, madvise(2) reject MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE with EINVAL, since that seems more helpful than pretending that they can be serviced. But when CONFIG_KSM=y, accept them even if KSM is not currently running, and even on areas which KSM will not touch (e.g. hugetlb or shared file or special driver mappings). Like other madvices, report ENOMEM despite success if any area in the range is unmapped, and use EAGAIN to report out of memory. Define vma flag VM_MERGEABLE to identify an area on which KSM may try merging pages: leave it to ksm_madvise() to decide whether to set it. Define mm flag MMF_VM_MERGEABLE to identify an mm which might contain VM_MERGEABLE areas, to minimize callouts when forking or exiting. Based upon earlier patches by Chris Wright and Izik Eidus. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 00:01:57 +00:00
help
Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
the many instances by a single page with that content, so
ksm: the mm interface to ksm This patch presents the mm interface to a dummy version of ksm.c, for better scrutiny of that interface: the real ksm.c follows later. When CONFIG_KSM is not set, madvise(2) reject MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE with EINVAL, since that seems more helpful than pretending that they can be serviced. But when CONFIG_KSM=y, accept them even if KSM is not currently running, and even on areas which KSM will not touch (e.g. hugetlb or shared file or special driver mappings). Like other madvices, report ENOMEM despite success if any area in the range is unmapped, and use EAGAIN to report out of memory. Define vma flag VM_MERGEABLE to identify an area on which KSM may try merging pages: leave it to ksm_madvise() to decide whether to set it. Define mm flag MMF_VM_MERGEABLE to identify an mm which might contain VM_MERGEABLE areas, to minimize callouts when forking or exiting. Based upon earlier patches by Chris Wright and Izik Eidus. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 00:01:57 +00:00
saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
See Documentation/vm/ksm.rst for more information: KSM is inactive
until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
ksm: the mm interface to ksm This patch presents the mm interface to a dummy version of ksm.c, for better scrutiny of that interface: the real ksm.c follows later. When CONFIG_KSM is not set, madvise(2) reject MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE with EINVAL, since that seems more helpful than pretending that they can be serviced. But when CONFIG_KSM=y, accept them even if KSM is not currently running, and even on areas which KSM will not touch (e.g. hugetlb or shared file or special driver mappings). Like other madvices, report ENOMEM despite success if any area in the range is unmapped, and use EAGAIN to report out of memory. Define vma flag VM_MERGEABLE to identify an area on which KSM may try merging pages: leave it to ksm_madvise() to decide whether to set it. Define mm flag MMF_VM_MERGEABLE to identify an mm which might contain VM_MERGEABLE areas, to minimize callouts when forking or exiting. Based upon earlier patches by Chris Wright and Izik Eidus. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-22 00:01:57 +00:00
config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
depends on MMU
default 4096
help
This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
For most ia64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
protection by setting the value to 0.
This value can be changed after boot using the
/proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
bool
HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7 Add the high level memory handler that poisons pages that got corrupted by hardware (typically by a two bit flip in a DIMM or a cache) on the Linux level. The goal is to prevent everyone from accessing these pages in the future. This done at the VM level by marking a page hwpoisoned and doing the appropriate action based on the type of page it is. The code that does this is portable and lives in mm/memory-failure.c To quote the overview comment: High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache failure. This focuses on pages detected as corrupted in the background. When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead when that happens another machine check will happen. Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere, possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the error handling takes potentially a long time. Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected to be rare we hope we can get away with this. There are in principle two strategies to kill processes on poison: - just unmap the data and wait for an actual reference before killing - kill as soon as corruption is detected. Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used in different situations. Right now both are implemented and can be switched with a new sysctl vm.memory_failure_early_kill The default is early kill. The patch does some rmap data structure walking on its own to collect processes to kill. This is unusual because normally all rmap data structure knowledge is in rmap.c only. I put it here for now to keep everything together and rmap knowledge has been seeping out anyways Includes contributions from Johannes Weiner, Chris Mason, Fengguang Wu, Nick Piggin (who did a lot of great work) and others. Cc: npiggin@suse.de Cc: riel@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
2009-09-16 09:50:15 +00:00
config MEMORY_FAILURE
depends on MMU
depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7 Add the high level memory handler that poisons pages that got corrupted by hardware (typically by a two bit flip in a DIMM or a cache) on the Linux level. The goal is to prevent everyone from accessing these pages in the future. This done at the VM level by marking a page hwpoisoned and doing the appropriate action based on the type of page it is. The code that does this is portable and lives in mm/memory-failure.c To quote the overview comment: High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache failure. This focuses on pages detected as corrupted in the background. When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead when that happens another machine check will happen. Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere, possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the error handling takes potentially a long time. Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected to be rare we hope we can get away with this. There are in principle two strategies to kill processes on poison: - just unmap the data and wait for an actual reference before killing - kill as soon as corruption is detected. Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used in different situations. Right now both are implemented and can be switched with a new sysctl vm.memory_failure_early_kill The default is early kill. The patch does some rmap data structure walking on its own to collect processes to kill. This is unusual because normally all rmap data structure knowledge is in rmap.c only. I put it here for now to keep everything together and rmap knowledge has been seeping out anyways Includes contributions from Johannes Weiner, Chris Mason, Fengguang Wu, Nick Piggin (who did a lot of great work) and others. Cc: npiggin@suse.de Cc: riel@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
2009-09-16 09:50:15 +00:00
bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
select MEMORY_ISOLATION
select RAS
HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7 Add the high level memory handler that poisons pages that got corrupted by hardware (typically by a two bit flip in a DIMM or a cache) on the Linux level. The goal is to prevent everyone from accessing these pages in the future. This done at the VM level by marking a page hwpoisoned and doing the appropriate action based on the type of page it is. The code that does this is portable and lives in mm/memory-failure.c To quote the overview comment: High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache failure. This focuses on pages detected as corrupted in the background. When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead when that happens another machine check will happen. Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere, possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the error handling takes potentially a long time. Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected to be rare we hope we can get away with this. There are in principle two strategies to kill processes on poison: - just unmap the data and wait for an actual reference before killing - kill as soon as corruption is detected. Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used in different situations. Right now both are implemented and can be switched with a new sysctl vm.memory_failure_early_kill The default is early kill. The patch does some rmap data structure walking on its own to collect processes to kill. This is unusual because normally all rmap data structure knowledge is in rmap.c only. I put it here for now to keep everything together and rmap knowledge has been seeping out anyways Includes contributions from Johannes Weiner, Chris Mason, Fengguang Wu, Nick Piggin (who did a lot of great work) and others. Cc: npiggin@suse.de Cc: riel@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
2009-09-16 09:50:15 +00:00
help
Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
config HWPOISON_INJECT
tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
nommu: make the initial mmap allocation excess behaviour Kconfig configurable NOMMU mmap() has an option controlled by a sysctl variable that determines whether the allocations made by do_mmap_private() should have the excess space trimmed off and returned to the allocator. Make the initial setting of this variable a Kconfig configuration option. The reason there can be excess space is that the allocator only allocates in power-of-2 size chunks, but mmap()'s can be made in sizes that aren't a power of 2. There are two alternatives: (1) Keep the excess as dead space. The dead space then remains unused for the lifetime of the mapping. Mappings of shared objects such as libc, ld.so or busybox's text segment may retain their dead space forever. (2) Return the excess to the allocator. This means that the dead space is limited to less than a page per mapping, but it means that for a transient process, there's more chance of fragmentation as the excess space may be reused fairly quickly. During the boot process, a lot of transient processes are created, and this can cause a lot of fragmentation as the pagecache and various slabs grow greatly during this time. By turning off the trimming of excess space during boot and disabling batching of frees, Coldfire can manage to boot. A better way of doing things might be to have /sbin/init turn this option off. By that point libc, ld.so and init - which are all long-duration processes - have all been loaded and trimmed. Reported-by: Lanttor Guo <lanttor.guo@freescale.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Tested-by: Lanttor Guo <lanttor.guo@freescale.com> Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-05-06 23:03:05 +00:00
config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
depends on !MMU
default 1
help
The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
the excess and return it to the allocator.
If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
if there are a lot of transient processes.
If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
(/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
no trimming is to occur.
This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information.
config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
select COMPACTION
select XARRAY_MULTI
help
Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
This feature can improve computing performance to certain
applications by speeding up page faults during memory
allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
up the pagetable walking.
If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
choice
prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
help
Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
bool "always"
help
Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
bool "madvise"
help
Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
performance improvement benefit to the applications using
madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
benefit.
endchoice
mm, THP, swap: delay splitting THP during swap out Patch series "THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out", v11. This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page (THP) swap. Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize THP swap performance. The advantages of the THP swap support include: - Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space, adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap. - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too. - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be free up after THP swapping out. - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management too. There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc. This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support. The plan is to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP during the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole. As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the swap cache management. With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about 3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. This patch (of 5): In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out throughput. This is the first step for the THP swap optimization. The plan is to delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP finally. In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each THP swapped out. So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512). For other architectures which want such THP swap optimization, ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file for the architecture. In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size by 2 times on x86_64. Which may make it harder to find a free cluster when the swap space becomes fragmented. So that, this may reduce the continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory. The performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this. In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the swap_cluster_info data structure. The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole. The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a swap cluster for a THP. A fair simple algorithm is used for swap cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster. The function will fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to allocate a single swap slot instead. This works good enough for normal cases. If the difference of the number of the free swap clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible that some THPs are split earlier than necessary. For example, this could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices. The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages. This may be enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree. But because we will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't make much sense for this first step. The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in swap cache during swapping out. The page lock will be held during allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and splitting the THP. So in the code path other than swapping out, if the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false. The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD. [ying.huang@intel.com: fix two issues in THP optimize patch] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87k25ed8zo.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-2-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option] Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h] Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06 22:37:18 +00:00
config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
def_bool n
mm, THP, swap: delay splitting THP during swap out Patch series "THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out", v11. This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page (THP) swap. Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize THP swap performance. The advantages of the THP swap support include: - Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space, adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap. - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too. - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be free up after THP swapping out. - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management too. There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc. This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support. The plan is to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP during the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole. As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the swap cache management. With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about 3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. This patch (of 5): In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out throughput. This is the first step for the THP swap optimization. The plan is to delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP finally. In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each THP swapped out. So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512). For other architectures which want such THP swap optimization, ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file for the architecture. In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size by 2 times on x86_64. Which may make it harder to find a free cluster when the swap space becomes fragmented. So that, this may reduce the continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory. The performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this. In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the swap_cluster_info data structure. The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole. The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a swap cluster for a THP. A fair simple algorithm is used for swap cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster. The function will fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to allocate a single swap slot instead. This works good enough for normal cases. If the difference of the number of the free swap clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible that some THPs are split earlier than necessary. For example, this could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices. The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages. This may be enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree. But because we will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't make much sense for this first step. The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in swap cache during swapping out. The page lock will be held during allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and splitting the THP. So in the code path other than swapping out, if the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false. The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD. [ying.huang@intel.com: fix two issues in THP optimize patch] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87k25ed8zo.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-2-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option] Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h] Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06 22:37:18 +00:00
config THP_SWAP
def_bool y
depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP && SWAP
mm, THP, swap: delay splitting THP during swap out Patch series "THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out", v11. This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page (THP) swap. Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize THP swap performance. The advantages of the THP swap support include: - Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space, adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap. - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too. - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be free up after THP swapping out. - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management too. There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc. This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support. The plan is to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP during the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole. As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the swap cache management. With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about 3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. This patch (of 5): In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out throughput. This is the first step for the THP swap optimization. The plan is to delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP finally. In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each THP swapped out. So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512). For other architectures which want such THP swap optimization, ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file for the architecture. In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size by 2 times on x86_64. Which may make it harder to find a free cluster when the swap space becomes fragmented. So that, this may reduce the continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory. The performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this. In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the swap_cluster_info data structure. The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole. The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a swap cluster for a THP. A fair simple algorithm is used for swap cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster. The function will fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to allocate a single swap slot instead. This works good enough for normal cases. If the difference of the number of the free swap clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible that some THPs are split earlier than necessary. For example, this could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices. The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages. This may be enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree. But because we will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't make much sense for this first step. The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in swap cache during swapping out. The page lock will be held during allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and splitting the THP. So in the code path other than swapping out, if the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false. The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD. [ying.huang@intel.com: fix two issues in THP optimize patch] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87k25ed8zo.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-2-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option] Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h] Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06 22:37:18 +00:00
help
Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting.
XXX: For now, swap cluster backing transparent huge page
will be split after swapout.
mm, THP, swap: delay splitting THP during swap out Patch series "THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out", v11. This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page (THP) swap. Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize THP swap performance. The advantages of the THP swap support include: - Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space, adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap. - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too. - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be free up after THP swapping out. - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management too. There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc. This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support. The plan is to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP during the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole. As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the swap cache management. With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about 3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. This patch (of 5): In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out throughput. This is the first step for the THP swap optimization. The plan is to delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP finally. In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each THP swapped out. So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512). For other architectures which want such THP swap optimization, ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file for the architecture. In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size by 2 times on x86_64. Which may make it harder to find a free cluster when the swap space becomes fragmented. So that, this may reduce the continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory. The performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this. In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the swap_cluster_info data structure. The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole. The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a swap cluster for a THP. A fair simple algorithm is used for swap cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster. The function will fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to allocate a single swap slot instead. This works good enough for normal cases. If the difference of the number of the free swap clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible that some THPs are split earlier than necessary. For example, this could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices. The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages. This may be enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree. But because we will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't make much sense for this first step. The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in swap cache during swapping out. The page lock will be held during allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and splitting the THP. So in the code path other than swapping out, if the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false. The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD. [ying.huang@intel.com: fix two issues in THP optimize patch] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87k25ed8zo.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-2-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option] Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h] Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-06 22:37:18 +00:00
For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes.
#
# UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
#
config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
depends on !SMP
bool
default y
mm: cleancache core ops functions and config This third patch of eight in this cleancache series provides the core code for cleancache that interfaces between the hooks in VFS and individual filesystems and a cleancache backend. It also includes build and config patches. Two new files are added: mm/cleancache.c and include/linux/cleancache.h. Note that CONFIG_CLEANCACHE can default to on; in systems that do not provide a cleancache backend, all hooks devolve to a simple check of a global enable flag, so performance impact should be negligible but can be reduced to zero impact if config'ed off. However for this first commit, it defaults to off. Details and a FAQ can be found in Documentation/vm/cleancache.txt Credits: Cleancache_ops design derived from Jeremy Fitzhardinge design for tmem [v8: dan.magenheimer@oracle.com: fix exportfs call affecting btrfs] [v8: akpm@linux-foundation.org: use static inline function, not macro] [v7: dan.magenheimer@oracle.com: cleanup sysfs and remove cleancache prefix] [v6: JBeulich@novell.com: robustly handle buggy fs encode_fh actor definition] [v5: jeremy@goop.org: clean up global usage and static var names] [v5: jeremy@goop.org: simplify init hook and any future fs init changes] [v5: hch@infradead.org: cleaner non-global interface for ops registration] [v4: adilger@sun.com: interface must support exportfs FS's] [v4: hch@infradead.org: interface must support 64-bit FS on 32-bit kernel] [v3: akpm@linux-foundation.org: use one ops struct to avoid pointer hops] [v3: akpm@linux-foundation.org: document and ensure PageLocked reqts are met] [v3: ngupta@vflare.org: fix success/fail codes, change funcs to void] [v2: viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk: use sane types] Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Acked-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@sun.com> Acked-by: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik Van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Ted Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
2011-05-26 16:01:36 +00:00
config CLEANCACHE
bool "Enable cleancache driver to cache clean pages if tmem is present"
help
Cleancache can be thought of as a page-granularity victim cache
for clean pages that the kernel's pageframe replacement algorithm
(PFRA) would like to keep around, but can't since there isn't enough
memory. So when the PFRA "evicts" a page, it first attempts to use
cleancache code to put the data contained in that page into
mm: cleancache core ops functions and config This third patch of eight in this cleancache series provides the core code for cleancache that interfaces between the hooks in VFS and individual filesystems and a cleancache backend. It also includes build and config patches. Two new files are added: mm/cleancache.c and include/linux/cleancache.h. Note that CONFIG_CLEANCACHE can default to on; in systems that do not provide a cleancache backend, all hooks devolve to a simple check of a global enable flag, so performance impact should be negligible but can be reduced to zero impact if config'ed off. However for this first commit, it defaults to off. Details and a FAQ can be found in Documentation/vm/cleancache.txt Credits: Cleancache_ops design derived from Jeremy Fitzhardinge design for tmem [v8: dan.magenheimer@oracle.com: fix exportfs call affecting btrfs] [v8: akpm@linux-foundation.org: use static inline function, not macro] [v7: dan.magenheimer@oracle.com: cleanup sysfs and remove cleancache prefix] [v6: JBeulich@novell.com: robustly handle buggy fs encode_fh actor definition] [v5: jeremy@goop.org: clean up global usage and static var names] [v5: jeremy@goop.org: simplify init hook and any future fs init changes] [v5: hch@infradead.org: cleaner non-global interface for ops registration] [v4: adilger@sun.com: interface must support exportfs FS's] [v4: hch@infradead.org: interface must support 64-bit FS on 32-bit kernel] [v3: akpm@linux-foundation.org: use one ops struct to avoid pointer hops] [v3: akpm@linux-foundation.org: document and ensure PageLocked reqts are met] [v3: ngupta@vflare.org: fix success/fail codes, change funcs to void] [v2: viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk: use sane types] Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Acked-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@sun.com> Acked-by: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik Van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Ted Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
2011-05-26 16:01:36 +00:00
"transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
time-varying size. And when a cleancache-enabled
filesystem wishes to access a page in a file on disk, it first
checks cleancache to see if it already contains it; if it does,
the page is copied into the kernel and a disk access is avoided.
When a transcendent memory driver is available (such as zcache or
Xen transcendent memory), a significant I/O reduction
may be achieved. When none is available, all cleancache calls
are reduced to a single pointer-compare-against-NULL resulting
in a negligible performance hit.
If unsure, say Y to enable cleancache
config FRONTSWAP
bool "Enable frontswap to cache swap pages if tmem is present"
depends on SWAP
help
Frontswap is so named because it can be thought of as the opposite
of a "backing" store for a swap device. The data is stored into
"transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
time-varying size. When space in transcendent memory is available,
a significant swap I/O reduction may be achieved. When none is
available, all frontswap calls are reduced to a single pointer-
compare-against-NULL resulting in a negligible performance hit
and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
config CMA
bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
mm: remove CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK All architecures use memblock for early memory management. There is no need for the CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK configuration option. [rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com: of/fdt: fixup #ifdefs] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180919103457.GA20545@rapoport-lnx [rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com: csky: fixups after bootmem removal] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180926112744.GC4628@rapoport-lnx [rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com: remove stale #else and the code it protects] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1538067825-24835-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536927045-23536-4-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Tested-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-30 22:07:44 +00:00
depends on MMU
select MIGRATION
select MEMORY_ISOLATION
help
This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
If unsure, say "n".
config CMA_DEBUG
bool "CMA debug messages (DEVELOPMENT)"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && CMA
help
Turns on debug messages in CMA. This produces KERN_DEBUG
messages for every CMA call as well as various messages while
processing calls such as dma_alloc_from_contiguous().
This option does not affect warning and error messages.
config CMA_DEBUGFS
bool "CMA debugfs interface"
depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS
help
Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA.
mm: cma: support sysfs Since CMA is getting used more widely, it's more important to keep monitoring CMA statistics for system health since it's directly related to user experience. This patch introduces sysfs statistics for CMA, in order to provide some basic monitoring of the CMA allocator. * the number of CMA page successful allocations * the number of CMA page allocation failures These two values allow the user to calcuate the allocation failure rate for each CMA area. e.g.) /sys/kernel/mm/cma/WIFI/alloc_pages_[success|fail] /sys/kernel/mm/cma/SENSOR/alloc_pages_[success|fail] /sys/kernel/mm/cma/BLUETOOTH/alloc_pages_[success|fail] The cma_stat was intentionally allocated by dynamic allocation to harmonize with kobject lifetime management. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/YCOAmXqt6dZkCQYs@kroah.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210324230759.2213957-1-minchan@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20210316100433.17665-1-colin.king@canonical.com/ Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Tested-by: Dmitry Osipenko <digetx@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Osipenko <digetx@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-05-05 01:37:28 +00:00
config CMA_SYSFS
bool "CMA information through sysfs interface"
depends on CMA && SYSFS
help
This option exposes some sysfs attributes to get information
from CMA.
CMA: generalize CMA reserved area management functionality Currently, there are two users on CMA functionality, one is the DMA subsystem and the other is the KVM on powerpc. They have their own code to manage CMA reserved area even if they looks really similar. From my guess, it is caused by some needs on bitmap management. KVM side wants to maintain bitmap not for 1 page, but for more size. Eventually it use bitmap where one bit represents 64 pages. When I implement CMA related patches, I should change those two places to apply my change and it seem to be painful to me. I want to change this situation and reduce future code management overhead through this patch. This change could also help developer who want to use CMA in their new feature development, since they can use CMA easily without copying & pasting this reserved area management code. In previous patches, we have prepared some features to generalize CMA reserved area management and now it's time to do it. This patch moves core functions to mm/cma.c and change DMA APIs to use these functions. There is no functional change in DMA APIs. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org> Acked-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Tested-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 23:05:25 +00:00
config CMA_AREAS
int "Maximum count of the CMA areas"
depends on CMA
default 19 if NUMA
CMA: generalize CMA reserved area management functionality Currently, there are two users on CMA functionality, one is the DMA subsystem and the other is the KVM on powerpc. They have their own code to manage CMA reserved area even if they looks really similar. From my guess, it is caused by some needs on bitmap management. KVM side wants to maintain bitmap not for 1 page, but for more size. Eventually it use bitmap where one bit represents 64 pages. When I implement CMA related patches, I should change those two places to apply my change and it seem to be painful to me. I want to change this situation and reduce future code management overhead through this patch. This change could also help developer who want to use CMA in their new feature development, since they can use CMA easily without copying & pasting this reserved area management code. In previous patches, we have prepared some features to generalize CMA reserved area management and now it's time to do it. This patch moves core functions to mm/cma.c and change DMA APIs to use these functions. There is no functional change in DMA APIs. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org> Acked-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Tested-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 23:05:25 +00:00
default 7
help
CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly,
used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum
number of CMA area in the system.
If unsure, leave the default value "7" in UMA and "19" in NUMA.
CMA: generalize CMA reserved area management functionality Currently, there are two users on CMA functionality, one is the DMA subsystem and the other is the KVM on powerpc. They have their own code to manage CMA reserved area even if they looks really similar. From my guess, it is caused by some needs on bitmap management. KVM side wants to maintain bitmap not for 1 page, but for more size. Eventually it use bitmap where one bit represents 64 pages. When I implement CMA related patches, I should change those two places to apply my change and it seem to be painful to me. I want to change this situation and reduce future code management overhead through this patch. This change could also help developer who want to use CMA in their new feature development, since they can use CMA easily without copying & pasting this reserved area management code. In previous patches, we have prepared some features to generalize CMA reserved area management and now it's time to do it. This patch moves core functions to mm/cma.c and change DMA APIs to use these functions. There is no functional change in DMA APIs. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org> Acked-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Tested-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 23:05:25 +00:00
config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
bool "Track memory changes"
depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
zbud: add to mm/ zbud is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher density approach when reclaim will be used. zbud works by storing compressed pages, or "zpages", together in pairs in a single memory page called a "zbud page". The first buddy is "left justifed" at the beginning of the zbud page, and the last buddy is "right justified" at the end of the zbud page. The benefit is that if either buddy is freed, the freed buddy space, coalesced with whatever slack space that existed between the buddies, results in the largest possible free region within the zbud page. zbud also provides an attractive lower bound on density. The ratio of zpages to zbud pages can not be less than 1. This ensures that zbud can never "do harm" by using more pages to store zpages than the uncompressed zpages would have used on their own. This implementation is a rewrite of the zbud allocator internally used by zcache in the driver/staging tree. The rewrite was necessary to remove some of the zcache specific elements that were ingrained throughout and provide a generic allocation interface that can later be used by zsmalloc and others. This patch adds zbud to mm/ for later use by zswap. Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Jenifer Hopper <jhopper@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-10 23:04:55 +00:00
help
This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
it can be cleared by hands.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst for more details.
zbud: add to mm/ zbud is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher density approach when reclaim will be used. zbud works by storing compressed pages, or "zpages", together in pairs in a single memory page called a "zbud page". The first buddy is "left justifed" at the beginning of the zbud page, and the last buddy is "right justified" at the end of the zbud page. The benefit is that if either buddy is freed, the freed buddy space, coalesced with whatever slack space that existed between the buddies, results in the largest possible free region within the zbud page. zbud also provides an attractive lower bound on density. The ratio of zpages to zbud pages can not be less than 1. This ensures that zbud can never "do harm" by using more pages to store zpages than the uncompressed zpages would have used on their own. This implementation is a rewrite of the zbud allocator internally used by zcache in the driver/staging tree. The rewrite was necessary to remove some of the zcache specific elements that were ingrained throughout and provide a generic allocation interface that can later be used by zsmalloc and others. This patch adds zbud to mm/ for later use by zswap. Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Jenifer Hopper <jhopper@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-10 23:04:55 +00:00
zswap: add to mm/ zswap is a thin backend for frontswap that takes pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to compress them and store them in a RAM-based memory pool. This can result in a significant I/O reduction on the swap device and, in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster than reading from the swap device, can also improve workload performance. It also has support for evicting swap pages that are currently compressed in zswap to the swap device on an LRU(ish) basis. This functionality makes zswap a true cache in that, once the cache is full, the oldest pages can be moved out of zswap to the swap device so newer pages can be compressed and stored in zswap. This patch adds the zswap driver to mm/ Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Jenifer Hopper <jhopper@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-10 23:05:03 +00:00
config ZSWAP
bool "Compressed cache for swap pages (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO=y
select ZPOOL
zswap: add to mm/ zswap is a thin backend for frontswap that takes pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to compress them and store them in a RAM-based memory pool. This can result in a significant I/O reduction on the swap device and, in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster than reading from the swap device, can also improve workload performance. It also has support for evicting swap pages that are currently compressed in zswap to the swap device on an LRU(ish) basis. This functionality makes zswap a true cache in that, once the cache is full, the oldest pages can be moved out of zswap to the swap device so newer pages can be compressed and stored in zswap. This patch adds the zswap driver to mm/ Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Jenifer Hopper <jhopper@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-10 23:05:03 +00:00
help
A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster that swap device
reads, can also improve workload performance.
This is marked experimental because it is a new feature (as of
v3.11) that interacts heavily with memory reclaim. While these
interactions don't cause any known issues on simple memory setups,
they have not be fully explored on the large set of potential
configurations and workloads that exist.
choice
prompt "Compressed cache for swap pages default compressor"
depends on ZSWAP
default ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
help
Selects the default compression algorithm for the compressed cache
for swap pages.
For an overview what kind of performance can be expected from
a particular compression algorithm please refer to the benchmarks
available at the following LWN page:
https://lwn.net/Articles/751795/
If in doubt, select 'LZO'.
The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
command line 'zswap.compressor=' option.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE
bool "Deflate"
select CRYPTO_DEFLATE
help
Use the Deflate algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
bool "LZO"
select CRYPTO_LZO
help
Use the LZO algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842
bool "842"
select CRYPTO_842
help
Use the 842 algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4
bool "LZ4"
select CRYPTO_LZ4
help
Use the LZ4 algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC
bool "LZ4HC"
select CRYPTO_LZ4HC
help
Use the LZ4HC algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD
bool "zstd"
select CRYPTO_ZSTD
help
Use the zstd algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
endchoice
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT
string
depends on ZSWAP
default "deflate" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE
default "lzo" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
default "842" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842
default "lz4" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4
default "lz4hc" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC
default "zstd" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD
default ""
choice
prompt "Compressed cache for swap pages default allocator"
depends on ZSWAP
default ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD
help
Selects the default allocator for the compressed cache for
swap pages.
The default is 'zbud' for compatibility, however please do
read the description of each of the allocators below before
making a right choice.
The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
command line 'zswap.zpool=' option.
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD
bool "zbud"
select ZBUD
help
Use the zbud allocator as the default allocator.
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_Z3FOLD
bool "z3fold"
select Z3FOLD
help
Use the z3fold allocator as the default allocator.
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC
bool "zsmalloc"
select ZSMALLOC
help
Use the zsmalloc allocator as the default allocator.
endchoice
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT
string
depends on ZSWAP
default "zbud" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD
default "z3fold" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_Z3FOLD
default "zsmalloc" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC
default ""
config ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON
bool "Enable the compressed cache for swap pages by default"
depends on ZSWAP
help
If selected, the compressed cache for swap pages will be enabled
at boot, otherwise it will be disabled.
The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
command line 'zswap.enabled=' option.
config ZPOOL
tristate "Common API for compressed memory storage"
mm: soft-dirty bits for user memory changes tracking The soft-dirty is a bit on a PTE which helps to track which pages a task writes to. In order to do this tracking one should 1. Clear soft-dirty bits from PTEs ("echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs) 2. Wait some time. 3. Read soft-dirty bits (55'th in /proc/PID/pagemap2 entries) To do this tracking, the writable bit is cleared from PTEs when the soft-dirty bit is. Thus, after this, when the task tries to modify a page at some virtual address the #PF occurs and the kernel sets the soft-dirty bit on the respective PTE. Note, that although all the task's address space is marked as r/o after the soft-dirty bits clear, the #PF-s that occur after that are processed fast. This is so, since the pages are still mapped to physical memory, and thus all the kernel does is finds this fact out and puts back writable, dirty and soft-dirty bits on the PTE. Another thing to note, is that when mremap moves PTEs they are marked with soft-dirty as well, since from the user perspective mremap modifies the virtual memory at mremap's new address. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03 22:01:20 +00:00
help
Compressed memory storage API. This allows using either zbud or
zsmalloc.
mm: soft-dirty bits for user memory changes tracking The soft-dirty is a bit on a PTE which helps to track which pages a task writes to. In order to do this tracking one should 1. Clear soft-dirty bits from PTEs ("echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs) 2. Wait some time. 3. Read soft-dirty bits (55'th in /proc/PID/pagemap2 entries) To do this tracking, the writable bit is cleared from PTEs when the soft-dirty bit is. Thus, after this, when the task tries to modify a page at some virtual address the #PF occurs and the kernel sets the soft-dirty bit on the respective PTE. Note, that although all the task's address space is marked as r/o after the soft-dirty bits clear, the #PF-s that occur after that are processed fast. This is so, since the pages are still mapped to physical memory, and thus all the kernel does is finds this fact out and puts back writable, dirty and soft-dirty bits on the PTE. Another thing to note, is that when mremap moves PTEs they are marked with soft-dirty as well, since from the user perspective mremap modifies the virtual memory at mremap's new address. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03 22:01:20 +00:00
config ZBUD
z3fold: the 3-fold allocator for compressed pages This patch introduces z3fold, a special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical page. It is a ZBUD derivative which allows for higher compression ratio keeping the simplicity and determinism of its predecessor. This patch comes as a follow-up to the discussions at the Embedded Linux Conference in San-Diego related to the talk [1]. The outcome of these discussions was that it would be good to have a compressed page allocator as stable and deterministic as zbud with with higher compression ratio. To keep the determinism and simplicity, z3fold, just like zbud, always stores an integral number of compressed pages per page, but it can store up to 3 pages unlike zbud which can store at most 2. Therefore the compression ratio goes to around 2.6x while zbud's one is around 1.7x. The patch is based on the latest linux.git tree. This version has been updated after testing on various simulators (e.g. ARM Versatile Express, MIPS Malta, x86_64/Haswell) and basing on comments from Dan Streetman [3]. [1] https://openiotelc2016.sched.org/event/6DAC/swapping-and-embedded-compression-relieves-the-pressure-vitaly-wool-softprise-consulting-ou [2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/4/21/799 [3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/5/4/852 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160509151753.ec3f9fda3c9898d31ff52a32@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 23:58:30 +00:00
tristate "Low (Up to 2x) density storage for compressed pages"
depends on ZPOOL
help
A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical
page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and
deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher
density approach when reclaim will be used.
zsmalloc: move it under mm This patch moves zsmalloc under mm directory. Before that, description will explain why we have needed custom allocator. Zsmalloc is a new slab-based memory allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed for low fragmentation and high allocation success rate on large object, but <= PAGE_SIZE allocations. zsmalloc differs from the kernel slab allocator in two primary ways to achieve these design goals. zsmalloc never requires high order page allocations to back slabs, or "size classes" in zsmalloc terms. Instead it allows multiple single-order pages to be stitched together into a "zspage" which backs the slab. This allows for higher allocation success rate under memory pressure. Also, zsmalloc allows objects to span page boundaries within the zspage. This allows for lower fragmentation than could be had with the kernel slab allocator for objects between PAGE_SIZE/2 and PAGE_SIZE. With the kernel slab allocator, if a page compresses to 60% of it original size, the memory savings gained through compression is lost in fragmentation because another object of the same size can't be stored in the leftover space. This ability to span pages results in zsmalloc allocations not being directly addressable by the user. The user is given an non-dereferencable handle in response to an allocation request. That handle must be mapped, using zs_map_object(), which returns a pointer to the mapped region that can be used. The mapping is necessary since the object data may reside in two different noncontigious pages. The zsmalloc fulfills the allocation needs for zram perfectly [sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com: borrow Seth's quote] Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-30 23:45:50 +00:00
z3fold: the 3-fold allocator for compressed pages This patch introduces z3fold, a special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical page. It is a ZBUD derivative which allows for higher compression ratio keeping the simplicity and determinism of its predecessor. This patch comes as a follow-up to the discussions at the Embedded Linux Conference in San-Diego related to the talk [1]. The outcome of these discussions was that it would be good to have a compressed page allocator as stable and deterministic as zbud with with higher compression ratio. To keep the determinism and simplicity, z3fold, just like zbud, always stores an integral number of compressed pages per page, but it can store up to 3 pages unlike zbud which can store at most 2. Therefore the compression ratio goes to around 2.6x while zbud's one is around 1.7x. The patch is based on the latest linux.git tree. This version has been updated after testing on various simulators (e.g. ARM Versatile Express, MIPS Malta, x86_64/Haswell) and basing on comments from Dan Streetman [3]. [1] https://openiotelc2016.sched.org/event/6DAC/swapping-and-embedded-compression-relieves-the-pressure-vitaly-wool-softprise-consulting-ou [2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/4/21/799 [3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/5/4/852 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160509151753.ec3f9fda3c9898d31ff52a32@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20 23:58:30 +00:00
config Z3FOLD
tristate "Up to 3x density storage for compressed pages"
depends on ZPOOL
help
A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical
page. It is a ZBUD derivative so the simplicity and determinism are
still there.
zsmalloc: move it under mm This patch moves zsmalloc under mm directory. Before that, description will explain why we have needed custom allocator. Zsmalloc is a new slab-based memory allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed for low fragmentation and high allocation success rate on large object, but <= PAGE_SIZE allocations. zsmalloc differs from the kernel slab allocator in two primary ways to achieve these design goals. zsmalloc never requires high order page allocations to back slabs, or "size classes" in zsmalloc terms. Instead it allows multiple single-order pages to be stitched together into a "zspage" which backs the slab. This allows for higher allocation success rate under memory pressure. Also, zsmalloc allows objects to span page boundaries within the zspage. This allows for lower fragmentation than could be had with the kernel slab allocator for objects between PAGE_SIZE/2 and PAGE_SIZE. With the kernel slab allocator, if a page compresses to 60% of it original size, the memory savings gained through compression is lost in fragmentation because another object of the same size can't be stored in the leftover space. This ability to span pages results in zsmalloc allocations not being directly addressable by the user. The user is given an non-dereferencable handle in response to an allocation request. That handle must be mapped, using zs_map_object(), which returns a pointer to the mapped region that can be used. The mapping is necessary since the object data may reside in two different noncontigious pages. The zsmalloc fulfills the allocation needs for zram perfectly [sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com: borrow Seth's quote] Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-30 23:45:50 +00:00
config ZSMALLOC
tristate "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
zsmalloc: move it under mm This patch moves zsmalloc under mm directory. Before that, description will explain why we have needed custom allocator. Zsmalloc is a new slab-based memory allocator for storing compressed pages. It is designed for low fragmentation and high allocation success rate on large object, but <= PAGE_SIZE allocations. zsmalloc differs from the kernel slab allocator in two primary ways to achieve these design goals. zsmalloc never requires high order page allocations to back slabs, or "size classes" in zsmalloc terms. Instead it allows multiple single-order pages to be stitched together into a "zspage" which backs the slab. This allows for higher allocation success rate under memory pressure. Also, zsmalloc allows objects to span page boundaries within the zspage. This allows for lower fragmentation than could be had with the kernel slab allocator for objects between PAGE_SIZE/2 and PAGE_SIZE. With the kernel slab allocator, if a page compresses to 60% of it original size, the memory savings gained through compression is lost in fragmentation because another object of the same size can't be stored in the leftover space. This ability to span pages results in zsmalloc allocations not being directly addressable by the user. The user is given an non-dereferencable handle in response to an allocation request. That handle must be mapped, using zs_map_object(), which returns a pointer to the mapped region that can be used. The mapping is necessary since the object data may reside in two different noncontigious pages. The zsmalloc fulfills the allocation needs for zram perfectly [sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com: borrow Seth's quote] Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-30 23:45:50 +00:00
depends on MMU
help
zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses virtual memory mapping
in order to reduce fragmentation. However, this results in a
non-standard allocator interface where a handle, not a pointer, is
returned by an alloc(). This handle must be mapped in order to
access the allocated space.
mm/zsmalloc: add statistics support Keeping fragmentation of zsmalloc in a low level is our target. But now we still need to add the debug code in zsmalloc to get the quantitative data. This patch adds a new configuration CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_STAT to enable the statistics collection for developers. Currently only the objects statatitics in each class are collected. User can get the information via debugfs. cat /sys/kernel/debug/zsmalloc/zram0/... For example: After I copied "jdk-8u25-linux-x64.tar.gz" to zram with ext4 filesystem: class size obj_allocated obj_used pages_used 0 32 0 0 0 1 48 256 12 3 2 64 64 14 1 3 80 51 7 1 4 96 128 5 3 5 112 73 5 2 6 128 32 4 1 7 144 0 0 0 8 160 0 0 0 9 176 0 0 0 10 192 0 0 0 11 208 0 0 0 12 224 0 0 0 13 240 0 0 0 14 256 16 1 1 15 272 15 9 1 16 288 0 0 0 17 304 0 0 0 18 320 0 0 0 19 336 0 0 0 20 352 0 0 0 21 368 0 0 0 22 384 0 0 0 23 400 0 0 0 24 416 0 0 0 25 432 0 0 0 26 448 0 0 0 27 464 0 0 0 28 480 0 0 0 29 496 33 1 4 30 512 0 0 0 31 528 0 0 0 32 544 0 0 0 33 560 0 0 0 34 576 0 0 0 35 592 0 0 0 36 608 0 0 0 37 624 0 0 0 38 640 0 0 0 40 672 0 0 0 42 704 0 0 0 43 720 17 1 3 44 736 0 0 0 46 768 0 0 0 49 816 0 0 0 51 848 0 0 0 52 864 14 1 3 54 896 0 0 0 57 944 13 1 3 58 960 0 0 0 62 1024 4 1 1 66 1088 15 2 4 67 1104 0 0 0 71 1168 0 0 0 74 1216 0 0 0 76 1248 0 0 0 83 1360 3 1 1 91 1488 11 1 4 94 1536 0 0 0 100 1632 5 1 2 107 1744 0 0 0 111 1808 9 1 4 126 2048 4 4 2 144 2336 7 3 4 151 2448 0 0 0 168 2720 15 15 10 190 3072 28 27 21 202 3264 0 0 0 254 4096 36209 36209 36209 Total 37022 36326 36288 We can calculate the overall fragentation by the last line: Total 37022 36326 36288 (37022 - 36326) / 37022 = 1.87% Also by analysing objects alocated in every class we know why we got so low fragmentation: Most of the allocated objects is in <class 254>. And there is only 1 page in class 254 zspage. So, No fragmentation will be introduced by allocating objs in class 254. And in future, we can collect other zsmalloc statistics as we need and analyse them. Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net> Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12 23:00:54 +00:00
config ZSMALLOC_STAT
bool "Export zsmalloc statistics"
depends on ZSMALLOC
select DEBUG_FS
help
This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various
statistics about what's happening in zsmalloc and exports that
mm/zsmalloc: add statistics support Keeping fragmentation of zsmalloc in a low level is our target. But now we still need to add the debug code in zsmalloc to get the quantitative data. This patch adds a new configuration CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_STAT to enable the statistics collection for developers. Currently only the objects statatitics in each class are collected. User can get the information via debugfs. cat /sys/kernel/debug/zsmalloc/zram0/... For example: After I copied "jdk-8u25-linux-x64.tar.gz" to zram with ext4 filesystem: class size obj_allocated obj_used pages_used 0 32 0 0 0 1 48 256 12 3 2 64 64 14 1 3 80 51 7 1 4 96 128 5 3 5 112 73 5 2 6 128 32 4 1 7 144 0 0 0 8 160 0 0 0 9 176 0 0 0 10 192 0 0 0 11 208 0 0 0 12 224 0 0 0 13 240 0 0 0 14 256 16 1 1 15 272 15 9 1 16 288 0 0 0 17 304 0 0 0 18 320 0 0 0 19 336 0 0 0 20 352 0 0 0 21 368 0 0 0 22 384 0 0 0 23 400 0 0 0 24 416 0 0 0 25 432 0 0 0 26 448 0 0 0 27 464 0 0 0 28 480 0 0 0 29 496 33 1 4 30 512 0 0 0 31 528 0 0 0 32 544 0 0 0 33 560 0 0 0 34 576 0 0 0 35 592 0 0 0 36 608 0 0 0 37 624 0 0 0 38 640 0 0 0 40 672 0 0 0 42 704 0 0 0 43 720 17 1 3 44 736 0 0 0 46 768 0 0 0 49 816 0 0 0 51 848 0 0 0 52 864 14 1 3 54 896 0 0 0 57 944 13 1 3 58 960 0 0 0 62 1024 4 1 1 66 1088 15 2 4 67 1104 0 0 0 71 1168 0 0 0 74 1216 0 0 0 76 1248 0 0 0 83 1360 3 1 1 91 1488 11 1 4 94 1536 0 0 0 100 1632 5 1 2 107 1744 0 0 0 111 1808 9 1 4 126 2048 4 4 2 144 2336 7 3 4 151 2448 0 0 0 168 2720 15 15 10 190 3072 28 27 21 202 3264 0 0 0 254 4096 36209 36209 36209 Total 37022 36326 36288 We can calculate the overall fragentation by the last line: Total 37022 36326 36288 (37022 - 36326) / 37022 = 1.87% Also by analysing objects alocated in every class we know why we got so low fragmentation: Most of the allocated objects is in <class 254>. And there is only 1 page in class 254 zspage. So, No fragmentation will be introduced by allocating objs in class 254. And in future, we can collect other zsmalloc statistics as we need and analyse them. Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net> Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12 23:00:54 +00:00
information to userspace via debugfs.
If unsure, say N.
config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP
bool
config STACK_MAX_DEFAULT_SIZE_MB
int "Default maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
default 100
range 8 2048
depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
help
This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
arch) when the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is unlimited.
A sane initial value is 100 MB.
config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads"
mm: make DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT explicitly depend on SPARSEMEM The deferred memory initialization relies on section definitions, e.g PAGES_PER_SECTION, that are only available when CONFIG_SPARSEMEM=y on most architectures. Initially DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT depended on explicit ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT configuration option, but since the commit 2e3ca40f03bb13709df4 ("mm: relax deferred struct page requirements") this requirement was relaxed and now it is possible to enable DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT on architectures that support DISCONTINGMEM and NO_BOOTMEM which causes build failures. For instance, setting SMP=y and DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y on arc causes the following build failure: CC mm/page_alloc.o mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'update_defer_init': mm/page_alloc.c:321:14: error: 'PAGES_PER_SECTION' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'USEC_PER_SEC'? (pfn & (PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1)) == 0) { ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ USEC_PER_SEC mm/page_alloc.c:321:14: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in In file included from include/linux/cache.h:5:0, from include/linux/printk.h:9, from include/linux/kernel.h:14, from include/asm-generic/bug.h:18, from arch/arc/include/asm/bug.h:32, from include/linux/bug.h:5, from include/linux/mmdebug.h:5, from include/linux/mm.h:9, from mm/page_alloc.c:18: mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'deferred_grow_zone': mm/page_alloc.c:1624:52: error: 'PAGES_PER_SECTION' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'USEC_PER_SEC'? unsigned long nr_pages_needed = ALIGN(1 << order, PAGES_PER_SECTION); ^ include/uapi/linux/kernel.h:11:47: note: in definition of macro '__ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK' #define __ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK(x, mask) (((x) + (mask)) & ~(mask)) ^~~~ include/linux/kernel.h:58:22: note: in expansion of macro '__ALIGN_KERNEL' #define ALIGN(x, a) __ALIGN_KERNEL((x), (a)) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/page_alloc.c:1624:34: note: in expansion of macro 'ALIGN' unsigned long nr_pages_needed = ALIGN(1 << order, PAGES_PER_SECTION); ^~~~~ In file included from include/asm-generic/bug.h:18:0, from arch/arc/include/asm/bug.h:32, from include/linux/bug.h:5, from include/linux/mmdebug.h:5, from include/linux/mm.h:9, from mm/page_alloc.c:18: mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init_node': mm/page_alloc.c:6379:50: error: 'PAGES_PER_SECTION' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'USEC_PER_SEC'? pgdat->static_init_pgcnt = min_t(unsigned long, PAGES_PER_SECTION, ^ include/linux/kernel.h:812:22: note: in definition of macro '__typecheck' (!!(sizeof((typeof(x) *)1 == (typeof(y) *)1))) ^ include/linux/kernel.h:836:24: note: in expansion of macro '__safe_cmp' __builtin_choose_expr(__safe_cmp(x, y), \ ^~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/kernel.h:904:27: note: in expansion of macro '__careful_cmp' #define min_t(type, x, y) __careful_cmp((type)(x), (type)(y), <) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/page_alloc.c:6379:29: note: in expansion of macro 'min_t' pgdat->static_init_pgcnt = min_t(unsigned long, PAGES_PER_SECTION, ^~~~~ include/linux/kernel.h:836:2: error: first argument to '__builtin_choose_expr' not a constant __builtin_choose_expr(__safe_cmp(x, y), \ ^ include/linux/kernel.h:904:27: note: in expansion of macro '__careful_cmp' #define min_t(type, x, y) __careful_cmp((type)(x), (type)(y), <) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/page_alloc.c:6379:29: note: in expansion of macro 'min_t' pgdat->static_init_pgcnt = min_t(unsigned long, PAGES_PER_SECTION, ^~~~~ scripts/Makefile.build:317: recipe for target 'mm/page_alloc.o' failed Let's make the DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT explicitly depend on SPARSEMEM as the systems that support DISCONTIGMEM do not seem to have that huge amounts of memory that would make DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT relevant. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1530279308-24988-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com> Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <Pavel.Tatashin@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-08-17 22:47:07 +00:00
depends on SPARSEMEM
mm: don't allow deferred pages with NEED_PER_CPU_KM It is unsafe to do virtual to physical translations before mm_init() is called if struct page is needed in order to determine the memory section number (see SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS). This is because only in mm_init() we initialize struct pages for all the allocated memory when deferred struct pages are used. My recent fix in commit c9e97a1997 ("mm: initialize pages on demand during boot") exposed this problem, because it greatly reduced number of pages that are initialized before mm_init(), but the problem existed even before my fix, as Fengguang Wu found. Below is a more detailed explanation of the problem. We initialize struct pages in four places: 1. Early in boot a small set of struct pages is initialized to fill the first section, and lower zones. 2. During mm_init() we initialize "struct pages" for all the memory that is allocated, i.e reserved in memblock. 3. Using on-demand logic when pages are allocated after mm_init call (when memblock is finished) 4. After smp_init() when the rest free deferred pages are initialized. The problem occurs if we try to do va to phys translation of a memory between steps 1 and 2. Because we have not yet initialized struct pages for all the reserved pages, it is inherently unsafe to do va to phys if the translation itself requires access of "struct page" as in case of this combination: CONFIG_SPARSE && !CONFIG_SPARSE_VMEMMAP The following path exposes the problem: start_kernel() trap_init() setup_cpu_entry_areas() setup_cpu_entry_area(cpu) get_cpu_gdt_paddr(cpu) per_cpu_ptr_to_phys(addr) pcpu_addr_to_page(addr) virt_to_page(addr) pfn_to_page(__pa(addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT) We disable this path by not allowing NEED_PER_CPU_KM with deferred struct pages feature. The problems are discussed in these threads: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180418135300.inazvpxjxowogyge@wfg-t540p.sh.intel.com http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180419013128.iurzouiqxvcnpbvz@wfg-t540p.sh.intel.com http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180426202619.2768-1-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180515175124.1770-1-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com Fixes: 3a80a7fa7989 ("mm: meminit: initialise a subset of struct pages if CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is set") Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com> Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-05-18 23:09:13 +00:00
depends on !NEED_PER_CPU_KM
mm: disable deferred struct page for 32-bit arches Deferred struct page init is needed only on systems with large amount of physical memory to improve boot performance. 32-bit systems do not benefit from this feature. Jiri reported a problem where deferred struct pages do not work well with x86-32: [ 0.035162] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) [ 0.035725] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) [ 0.036269] Initializing CPU#0 [ 0.036513] Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00036ffe:0007ffe0) [ 0.038459] page:f6780000 is uninitialized and poisoned [ 0.038460] raw: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff [ 0.039509] page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(1 && PageCompound(page)) [ 0.040038] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 0.040399] kernel BUG at include/linux/page-flags.h:293! [ 0.040823] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI [ 0.041166] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.19.0-rc1_pt_jiri #9 [ 0.041694] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.11.0-20171110_100015-anatol 04/01/2014 [ 0.042496] EIP: free_highmem_page+0x64/0x80 [ 0.042839] Code: 13 46 d8 c1 e8 18 5d 83 e0 03 8d 04 c0 c1 e0 06 ff 80 ec 5f 44 d8 c3 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 ba 08 65 28 d8 89 d8 e8 fc 71 02 00 <0f> 0b 8d 76 00 8d bc 27 00 00 00 00 ba d0 b1 26 d8 89 d8 e8 e4 71 [ 0.044338] EAX: 0000003c EBX: f6780000 ECX: 00000000 EDX: d856cbe8 [ 0.044868] ESI: 0007ffe0 EDI: d838df20 EBP: d838df00 ESP: d838defc [ 0.045372] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 00e0 SS: 0068 EFLAGS: 00210086 [ 0.045913] CR0: 80050033 CR2: 00000000 CR3: 18556000 CR4: 00040690 [ 0.046413] DR0: 00000000 DR1: 00000000 DR2: 00000000 DR3: 00000000 [ 0.046913] DR6: fffe0ff0 DR7: 00000400 [ 0.047220] Call Trace: [ 0.047419] add_highpages_with_active_regions+0xbd/0x10d [ 0.047854] set_highmem_pages_init+0x5b/0x71 [ 0.048202] mem_init+0x2b/0x1e8 [ 0.048460] start_kernel+0x1d2/0x425 [ 0.048757] i386_start_kernel+0x93/0x97 [ 0.049073] startup_32_smp+0x164/0x168 [ 0.049379] Modules linked in: [ 0.049626] ---[ end trace 337949378db0abbb ]--- We free highmem pages before their struct pages are initialized: mem_init() set_highmem_pages_init() add_highpages_with_active_regions() free_highmem_page() .. Access uninitialized struct page here.. Because there is no reason to have this feature on 32-bit systems, just disable it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180831150506.31246-1-pavel.tatashin@microsoft.com Fixes: 2e3ca40f03bb ("mm: relax deferred struct page requirements") Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pavel.tatashin@microsoft.com> Reported-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-09-20 19:22:30 +00:00
depends on 64BIT
mm: parallelize deferred_init_memmap() Deferred struct page init is a significant bottleneck in kernel boot. Optimizing it maximizes availability for large-memory systems and allows spinning up short-lived VMs as needed without having to leave them running. It also benefits bare metal machines hosting VMs that are sensitive to downtime. In projects such as VMM Fast Restart[1], where guest state is preserved across kexec reboot, it helps prevent application and network timeouts in the guests. Multithread to take full advantage of system memory bandwidth. The maximum number of threads is capped at the number of CPUs on the node because speedups always improve with additional threads on every system tested, and at this phase of boot, the system is otherwise idle and waiting on page init to finish. Helper threads operate on section-aligned ranges to both avoid false sharing when setting the pageblock's migrate type and to avoid accessing uninitialized buddy pages, though max order alignment is enough for the latter. The minimum chunk size is also a section. There was benefit to using multiple threads even on relatively small memory (1G) systems, and this is the smallest size that the alignment allows. The time (milliseconds) is the slowest node to initialize since boot blocks until all nodes finish. intel_pstate is loaded in active mode without hwp and with turbo enabled, and intel_idle is active as well. Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8167M CPU @ 2.00GHz (Skylake, bare metal) 2 nodes * 26 cores * 2 threads = 104 CPUs 384G/node = 768G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 4089.7 ( 8.1) -- 1785.7 ( 7.6) 2% ( 1) 1.7% 4019.3 ( 1.5) 3.8% 1717.7 ( 11.8) 12% ( 6) 34.9% 2662.7 ( 2.9) 79.9% 359.3 ( 0.6) 25% ( 13) 39.9% 2459.0 ( 3.6) 91.2% 157.0 ( 0.0) 37% ( 19) 39.2% 2485.0 ( 29.7) 90.4% 172.0 ( 28.6) 50% ( 26) 39.3% 2482.7 ( 25.7) 90.3% 173.7 ( 30.0) 75% ( 39) 39.0% 2495.7 ( 5.5) 89.4% 190.0 ( 1.0) 100% ( 52) 40.2% 2443.7 ( 3.8) 92.3% 138.0 ( 1.0) Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699C v4 @ 2.20GHz (Broadwell, kvm guest) 1 node * 16 cores * 2 threads = 32 CPUs 192G/node = 192G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 1988.7 ( 9.6) -- 1096.0 ( 11.5) 3% ( 1) 1.1% 1967.0 ( 17.6) 0.3% 1092.7 ( 11.0) 12% ( 4) 41.1% 1170.3 ( 14.2) 73.8% 287.0 ( 3.6) 25% ( 8) 47.1% 1052.7 ( 21.9) 83.9% 177.0 ( 13.5) 38% ( 12) 48.9% 1016.3 ( 12.1) 86.8% 144.7 ( 1.5) 50% ( 16) 48.9% 1015.7 ( 8.1) 87.8% 134.0 ( 4.4) 75% ( 24) 49.1% 1012.3 ( 3.1) 88.1% 130.3 ( 2.3) 100% ( 32) 49.5% 1004.0 ( 5.3) 88.5% 125.7 ( 2.1) Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz (Haswell, bare metal) 2 nodes * 18 cores * 2 threads = 72 CPUs 128G/node = 256G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 1680.0 ( 4.6) -- 627.0 ( 4.0) 3% ( 1) 0.3% 1675.7 ( 4.5) -0.2% 628.0 ( 3.6) 11% ( 4) 25.6% 1250.7 ( 2.1) 67.9% 201.0 ( 0.0) 25% ( 9) 30.7% 1164.0 ( 17.3) 81.8% 114.3 ( 17.7) 36% ( 13) 31.4% 1152.7 ( 10.8) 84.0% 100.3 ( 17.9) 50% ( 18) 31.5% 1150.7 ( 9.3) 83.9% 101.0 ( 14.1) 75% ( 27) 31.7% 1148.0 ( 5.6) 84.5% 97.3 ( 6.4) 100% ( 36) 32.0% 1142.3 ( 4.0) 85.6% 90.0 ( 1.0) AMD EPYC 7551 32-Core Processor (Zen, kvm guest) 1 node * 8 cores * 2 threads = 16 CPUs 64G/node = 64G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 1029.3 ( 25.1) -- 240.7 ( 1.5) 6% ( 1) -0.6% 1036.0 ( 7.8) -2.2% 246.0 ( 0.0) 12% ( 2) 11.8% 907.7 ( 8.6) 44.7% 133.0 ( 1.0) 25% ( 4) 13.9% 886.0 ( 10.6) 62.6% 90.0 ( 6.0) 38% ( 6) 17.8% 845.7 ( 14.2) 69.1% 74.3 ( 3.8) 50% ( 8) 16.8% 856.0 ( 22.1) 72.9% 65.3 ( 5.7) 75% ( 12) 15.4% 871.0 ( 29.2) 79.8% 48.7 ( 7.4) 100% ( 16) 21.0% 813.7 ( 21.0) 80.5% 47.0 ( 5.2) Server-oriented distros that enable deferred page init sometimes run in small VMs, and they still benefit even though the fraction of boot time saved is smaller: AMD EPYC 7551 32-Core Processor (Zen, kvm guest) 1 node * 2 cores * 2 threads = 4 CPUs 16G/node = 16G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 716.0 ( 14.0) -- 49.7 ( 0.6) 25% ( 1) 1.8% 703.0 ( 5.3) -4.0% 51.7 ( 0.6) 50% ( 2) 1.6% 704.7 ( 1.2) 43.0% 28.3 ( 0.6) 75% ( 3) 2.7% 696.7 ( 13.1) 49.7% 25.0 ( 0.0) 100% ( 4) 4.1% 687.0 ( 10.4) 55.7% 22.0 ( 0.0) Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz (Haswell, kvm guest) 1 node * 2 cores * 2 threads = 4 CPUs 14G/node = 14G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 787.7 ( 6.4) -- 122.3 ( 0.6) 25% ( 1) 0.2% 786.3 ( 10.8) -2.5% 125.3 ( 2.1) 50% ( 2) 5.9% 741.0 ( 13.9) 37.6% 76.3 ( 19.7) 75% ( 3) 8.3% 722.0 ( 19.0) 49.9% 61.3 ( 3.2) 100% ( 4) 9.3% 714.7 ( 9.5) 56.4% 53.3 ( 1.5) On Josh's 96-CPU and 192G memory system: Without this patch series: [ 0.487132] node 0 initialised, 23398907 pages in 292ms [ 0.499132] node 1 initialised, 24189223 pages in 304ms ... [ 0.629376] Run /sbin/init as init process With this patch series: [ 0.231435] node 1 initialised, 24189223 pages in 32ms [ 0.236718] node 0 initialised, 23398907 pages in 36ms [1] https://static.sched.com/hosted_files/kvmforum2019/66/VMM-fast-restart_kvmforum2019.pdf Signed-off-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Tested-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com> Cc: Shile Zhang <shile.zhang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com> Cc: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527173608.2885243-7-daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-06-03 22:59:51 +00:00
select PADATA
help
Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a
single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable
amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up
mm: parallelize deferred_init_memmap() Deferred struct page init is a significant bottleneck in kernel boot. Optimizing it maximizes availability for large-memory systems and allows spinning up short-lived VMs as needed without having to leave them running. It also benefits bare metal machines hosting VMs that are sensitive to downtime. In projects such as VMM Fast Restart[1], where guest state is preserved across kexec reboot, it helps prevent application and network timeouts in the guests. Multithread to take full advantage of system memory bandwidth. The maximum number of threads is capped at the number of CPUs on the node because speedups always improve with additional threads on every system tested, and at this phase of boot, the system is otherwise idle and waiting on page init to finish. Helper threads operate on section-aligned ranges to both avoid false sharing when setting the pageblock's migrate type and to avoid accessing uninitialized buddy pages, though max order alignment is enough for the latter. The minimum chunk size is also a section. There was benefit to using multiple threads even on relatively small memory (1G) systems, and this is the smallest size that the alignment allows. The time (milliseconds) is the slowest node to initialize since boot blocks until all nodes finish. intel_pstate is loaded in active mode without hwp and with turbo enabled, and intel_idle is active as well. Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8167M CPU @ 2.00GHz (Skylake, bare metal) 2 nodes * 26 cores * 2 threads = 104 CPUs 384G/node = 768G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 4089.7 ( 8.1) -- 1785.7 ( 7.6) 2% ( 1) 1.7% 4019.3 ( 1.5) 3.8% 1717.7 ( 11.8) 12% ( 6) 34.9% 2662.7 ( 2.9) 79.9% 359.3 ( 0.6) 25% ( 13) 39.9% 2459.0 ( 3.6) 91.2% 157.0 ( 0.0) 37% ( 19) 39.2% 2485.0 ( 29.7) 90.4% 172.0 ( 28.6) 50% ( 26) 39.3% 2482.7 ( 25.7) 90.3% 173.7 ( 30.0) 75% ( 39) 39.0% 2495.7 ( 5.5) 89.4% 190.0 ( 1.0) 100% ( 52) 40.2% 2443.7 ( 3.8) 92.3% 138.0 ( 1.0) Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699C v4 @ 2.20GHz (Broadwell, kvm guest) 1 node * 16 cores * 2 threads = 32 CPUs 192G/node = 192G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 1988.7 ( 9.6) -- 1096.0 ( 11.5) 3% ( 1) 1.1% 1967.0 ( 17.6) 0.3% 1092.7 ( 11.0) 12% ( 4) 41.1% 1170.3 ( 14.2) 73.8% 287.0 ( 3.6) 25% ( 8) 47.1% 1052.7 ( 21.9) 83.9% 177.0 ( 13.5) 38% ( 12) 48.9% 1016.3 ( 12.1) 86.8% 144.7 ( 1.5) 50% ( 16) 48.9% 1015.7 ( 8.1) 87.8% 134.0 ( 4.4) 75% ( 24) 49.1% 1012.3 ( 3.1) 88.1% 130.3 ( 2.3) 100% ( 32) 49.5% 1004.0 ( 5.3) 88.5% 125.7 ( 2.1) Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz (Haswell, bare metal) 2 nodes * 18 cores * 2 threads = 72 CPUs 128G/node = 256G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 1680.0 ( 4.6) -- 627.0 ( 4.0) 3% ( 1) 0.3% 1675.7 ( 4.5) -0.2% 628.0 ( 3.6) 11% ( 4) 25.6% 1250.7 ( 2.1) 67.9% 201.0 ( 0.0) 25% ( 9) 30.7% 1164.0 ( 17.3) 81.8% 114.3 ( 17.7) 36% ( 13) 31.4% 1152.7 ( 10.8) 84.0% 100.3 ( 17.9) 50% ( 18) 31.5% 1150.7 ( 9.3) 83.9% 101.0 ( 14.1) 75% ( 27) 31.7% 1148.0 ( 5.6) 84.5% 97.3 ( 6.4) 100% ( 36) 32.0% 1142.3 ( 4.0) 85.6% 90.0 ( 1.0) AMD EPYC 7551 32-Core Processor (Zen, kvm guest) 1 node * 8 cores * 2 threads = 16 CPUs 64G/node = 64G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 1029.3 ( 25.1) -- 240.7 ( 1.5) 6% ( 1) -0.6% 1036.0 ( 7.8) -2.2% 246.0 ( 0.0) 12% ( 2) 11.8% 907.7 ( 8.6) 44.7% 133.0 ( 1.0) 25% ( 4) 13.9% 886.0 ( 10.6) 62.6% 90.0 ( 6.0) 38% ( 6) 17.8% 845.7 ( 14.2) 69.1% 74.3 ( 3.8) 50% ( 8) 16.8% 856.0 ( 22.1) 72.9% 65.3 ( 5.7) 75% ( 12) 15.4% 871.0 ( 29.2) 79.8% 48.7 ( 7.4) 100% ( 16) 21.0% 813.7 ( 21.0) 80.5% 47.0 ( 5.2) Server-oriented distros that enable deferred page init sometimes run in small VMs, and they still benefit even though the fraction of boot time saved is smaller: AMD EPYC 7551 32-Core Processor (Zen, kvm guest) 1 node * 2 cores * 2 threads = 4 CPUs 16G/node = 16G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 716.0 ( 14.0) -- 49.7 ( 0.6) 25% ( 1) 1.8% 703.0 ( 5.3) -4.0% 51.7 ( 0.6) 50% ( 2) 1.6% 704.7 ( 1.2) 43.0% 28.3 ( 0.6) 75% ( 3) 2.7% 696.7 ( 13.1) 49.7% 25.0 ( 0.0) 100% ( 4) 4.1% 687.0 ( 10.4) 55.7% 22.0 ( 0.0) Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz (Haswell, kvm guest) 1 node * 2 cores * 2 threads = 4 CPUs 14G/node = 14G memory kernel boot deferred init ------------------------ ------------------------ node% (thr) speedup time_ms (stdev) speedup time_ms (stdev) ( 0) -- 787.7 ( 6.4) -- 122.3 ( 0.6) 25% ( 1) 0.2% 786.3 ( 10.8) -2.5% 125.3 ( 2.1) 50% ( 2) 5.9% 741.0 ( 13.9) 37.6% 76.3 ( 19.7) 75% ( 3) 8.3% 722.0 ( 19.0) 49.9% 61.3 ( 3.2) 100% ( 4) 9.3% 714.7 ( 9.5) 56.4% 53.3 ( 1.5) On Josh's 96-CPU and 192G memory system: Without this patch series: [ 0.487132] node 0 initialised, 23398907 pages in 292ms [ 0.499132] node 1 initialised, 24189223 pages in 304ms ... [ 0.629376] Run /sbin/init as init process With this patch series: [ 0.231435] node 1 initialised, 24189223 pages in 32ms [ 0.236718] node 0 initialised, 23398907 pages in 36ms [1] https://static.sched.com/hosted_files/kvmforum2019/66/VMM-fast-restart_kvmforum2019.pdf Signed-off-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Tested-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com> Cc: Shile Zhang <shile.zhang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com> Cc: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527173608.2885243-7-daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-06-03 22:59:51 +00:00
a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel.
This has a potential performance impact on tasks running early in the
lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the
initialisation.
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
bool "Enable idle page tracking"
depends on SYSFS && MMU
select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
help
This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
within a compute cluster.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/idle_page_tracking.rst for
more details.
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
mm: generalize ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE Patch series "mm: some config cleanups", v2. This series contains config cleanup patches which reduces code duplication across platforms and also improves maintainability. There is no functional change intended with this series. This patch (of 6): ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE config has duplicate definitions on platforms that subscribe it. Instead, just make it a generic option which can be selected on applicable platforms. This change reduces code duplication and makes it cleaner. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1617259448-22529-1-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1617259448-22529-2-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [arm64] Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> [arc] Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-05-05 01:38:09 +00:00
config ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
bool
config ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP
bool
config ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
bool
config ZONE_DMA
bool "Support DMA zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
default y if ARM64 || X86
config ZONE_DMA32
bool "Support DMA32 zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
depends on !X86_32
default y if ARM64
config ZONE_DEVICE
mm/ZONE_DEVICE: new type of ZONE_DEVICE for unaddressable memory HMM (heterogeneous memory management) need struct page to support migration from system main memory to device memory. Reasons for HMM and migration to device memory is explained with HMM core patch. This patch deals with device memory that is un-addressable memory (ie CPU can not access it). Hence we do not want those struct page to be manage like regular memory. That is why we extend ZONE_DEVICE to support different types of memory. A persistent memory type is define for existing user of ZONE_DEVICE and a new device un-addressable type is added for the un-addressable memory type. There is a clear separation between what is expected from each memory type and existing user of ZONE_DEVICE are un-affected by new requirement and new use of the un-addressable type. All specific code path are protect with test against the memory type. Because memory is un-addressable we use a new special swap type for when a page is migrated to device memory (this reduces the number of maximum swap file). The main two additions beside memory type to ZONE_DEVICE is two callbacks. First one, page_free() is call whenever page refcount reach 1 (which means the page is free as ZONE_DEVICE page never reach a refcount of 0). This allow device driver to manage its memory and associated struct page. The second callback page_fault() happens when there is a CPU access to an address that is back by a device page (which are un-addressable by the CPU). This callback is responsible to migrate the page back to system main memory. Device driver can not block migration back to system memory, HMM make sure that such page can not be pin into device memory. If device is in some error condition and can not migrate memory back then a CPU page fault to device memory should end with SIGBUS. [arnd@arndb.de: fix warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170823133213.712917-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817000548.32038-8-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Evgeny Baskakov <ebaskakov@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@nvidia.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@nvidia.com> Cc: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@nvidia.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bob Liu <liubo95@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 23:11:43 +00:00
bool "Device memory (pmem, HMM, etc...) hotplug support"
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
depends on ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP
select XARRAY_MULTI
help
Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem,
or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the
memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise
"device-physical" addresses which is needed for using a DAX
mapping in an O_DIRECT operation, among other things.
If FS_DAX is enabled, then say Y.
media updates for v4.3-rc1 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQIcBAABAgAGBQJV8WvjAAoJEAhfPr2O5OEV5wIP/AjmqOau99ms4FvOQ932sO57 kKDM4CYeTBkYY2Xz2eGStgxhcEj538JTf6SXdrceEEYJHb/GNCb2iBM1TnB4YciF rqhFv+n3R8h4Yn5KmhEhYzEfO7HUoyHPrOhcmTLzDoTO5wyrhAlPZxDWHohmfU84 uQ8WyGPYLxwm8hdZ+/NkB8PXsGbWN65EoKzN6tt2kA6HUP52UxE0Cw7Qu7Iu5zmO y/x03mMbjhCBFFE41EeM76J+xKBhuaS4cyf8g08DJy5Zpf6ic8bKFmVg1tAFOZRD mCETLrUlPYhglHqOoVS25bCI5kCw9xTAyjPZdQnwCTwgHl5gG3E4oJYKASrmZlps igMSmLJEpQilsLy1Ze+K+Ci8EILmZzwbi21X0sbjq74Jd+tJZ+C8ZuWHVmPEF9j7 iHtZNIRzkzufNBJZn3DsmlGBb/Xc/UqfZVnJAB9gu3Ktav6dmtEIHrGRPpL19iYH WtJWLt/Bpyb318K+fnxL8SzUqUxZJ4+8DrMtlgTqHmIRwVQ4CczyeWi0utQmBXEF CaNp00S2V9N1hn8OIc+gaf7LTYJn0LkHFsskoiUZ5aZQd9ai0ql0IT1xLe0r8lMi +ieB0Vp4wJtaodWIXOPeFugDqQXIb0Mh2M8J9FIJ116FLIai6btzO2iyVCtlR9Bg 1uPztCfJ/nusPPHnE26R =TEFw -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'media/v4.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media Pull media updates from Mauro Carvalho Chehab: "A series of patches that move part of the code used to allocate memory from the media subsystem to the mm subsystem" [ The mm parts have been acked by VM people, and the series was apparently in -mm for a while - Linus ] * tag 'media/v4.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media: [media] drm/exynos: Convert g2d_userptr_get_dma_addr() to use get_vaddr_frames() [media] media: vb2: Remove unused functions [media] media: vb2: Convert vb2_dc_get_userptr() to use frame vector [media] media: vb2: Convert vb2_vmalloc_get_userptr() to use frame vector [media] media: vb2: Convert vb2_dma_sg_get_userptr() to use frame vector [media] vb2: Provide helpers for mapping virtual addresses [media] media: omap_vout: Convert omap_vout_uservirt_to_phys() to use get_vaddr_pfns() [media] mm: Provide new get_vaddr_frames() helper [media] vb2: Push mmap_sem down to memops
2015-09-11 23:42:39 +00:00
mm: introduce MEMORY_DEVICE_FS_DAX and CONFIG_DEV_PAGEMAP_OPS In preparation for fixing dax-dma-vs-unmap issues, filesystems need to be able to rely on the fact that they will get wakeups on dev_pagemap page-idle events. Introduce MEMORY_DEVICE_FS_DAX and generic_dax_page_free() as common indicator / infrastructure for dax filesytems to require. With this change there are no users of the MEMORY_DEVICE_HOST designation, so remove it. The HMM sub-system extended dev_pagemap to arrange a callback when a dev_pagemap managed page is freed. Since a dev_pagemap page is free / idle when its reference count is 1 it requires an additional branch to check the page-type at put_page() time. Given put_page() is a hot-path we do not want to incur that check if HMM is not in use, so a static branch is used to avoid that overhead when not necessary. Now, the FS_DAX implementation wants to reuse this mechanism for receiving dev_pagemap ->page_free() callbacks. Rework the HMM-specific static-key into a generic mechanism that either HMM or FS_DAX code paths can enable. For ARCH=um builds, and any other arch that lacks ZONE_DEVICE support, care must be taken to compile out the DEV_PAGEMAP_OPS infrastructure. However, we still need to support FS_DAX in the FS_DAX_LIMITED case implemented by the s390/dcssblk driver. Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com> Reported-by: Thomas Meyer <thomas@m3y3r.de> Reported-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Cc: "Jérôme Glisse" <jglisse@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
2018-05-16 18:46:08 +00:00
config DEV_PAGEMAP_OPS
bool
#
# Helpers to mirror range of the CPU page tables of a process into device page
# tables.
#
mm/hmm/mirror: mirror process address space on device with HMM helpers This is a heterogeneous memory management (HMM) process address space mirroring. In a nutshell this provide an API to mirror process address space on a device. This boils down to keeping CPU and device page table synchronize (we assume that both device and CPU are cache coherent like PCIe device can be). This patch provide a simple API for device driver to achieve address space mirroring thus avoiding each device driver to grow its own CPU page table walker and its own CPU page table synchronization mechanism. This is useful for NVidia GPU >= Pascal, Mellanox IB >= mlx5 and more hardware in the future. [jglisse@redhat.com: fix hmm for "mmu_notifier kill invalidate_page callback"] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170830231955.GD9445@redhat.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817000548.32038-4-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Evgeny Baskakov <ebaskakov@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@nvidia.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bob Liu <liubo95@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 23:11:27 +00:00
config HMM_MIRROR
bool
depends on MMU
mm/hmm/mirror: mirror process address space on device with HMM helpers This is a heterogeneous memory management (HMM) process address space mirroring. In a nutshell this provide an API to mirror process address space on a device. This boils down to keeping CPU and device page table synchronize (we assume that both device and CPU are cache coherent like PCIe device can be). This patch provide a simple API for device driver to achieve address space mirroring thus avoiding each device driver to grow its own CPU page table walker and its own CPU page table synchronization mechanism. This is useful for NVidia GPU >= Pascal, Mellanox IB >= mlx5 and more hardware in the future. [jglisse@redhat.com: fix hmm for "mmu_notifier kill invalidate_page callback"] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170830231955.GD9445@redhat.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817000548.32038-4-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Evgeny Baskakov <ebaskakov@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@nvidia.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bob Liu <liubo95@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 23:11:27 +00:00
mm/ZONE_DEVICE: new type of ZONE_DEVICE for unaddressable memory HMM (heterogeneous memory management) need struct page to support migration from system main memory to device memory. Reasons for HMM and migration to device memory is explained with HMM core patch. This patch deals with device memory that is un-addressable memory (ie CPU can not access it). Hence we do not want those struct page to be manage like regular memory. That is why we extend ZONE_DEVICE to support different types of memory. A persistent memory type is define for existing user of ZONE_DEVICE and a new device un-addressable type is added for the un-addressable memory type. There is a clear separation between what is expected from each memory type and existing user of ZONE_DEVICE are un-affected by new requirement and new use of the un-addressable type. All specific code path are protect with test against the memory type. Because memory is un-addressable we use a new special swap type for when a page is migrated to device memory (this reduces the number of maximum swap file). The main two additions beside memory type to ZONE_DEVICE is two callbacks. First one, page_free() is call whenever page refcount reach 1 (which means the page is free as ZONE_DEVICE page never reach a refcount of 0). This allow device driver to manage its memory and associated struct page. The second callback page_fault() happens when there is a CPU access to an address that is back by a device page (which are un-addressable by the CPU). This callback is responsible to migrate the page back to system main memory. Device driver can not block migration back to system memory, HMM make sure that such page can not be pin into device memory. If device is in some error condition and can not migrate memory back then a CPU page fault to device memory should end with SIGBUS. [arnd@arndb.de: fix warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170823133213.712917-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817000548.32038-8-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Evgeny Baskakov <ebaskakov@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@nvidia.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@nvidia.com> Cc: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@nvidia.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bob Liu <liubo95@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 23:11:43 +00:00
config DEVICE_PRIVATE
bool "Unaddressable device memory (GPU memory, ...)"
depends on ZONE_DEVICE
mm: introduce MEMORY_DEVICE_FS_DAX and CONFIG_DEV_PAGEMAP_OPS In preparation for fixing dax-dma-vs-unmap issues, filesystems need to be able to rely on the fact that they will get wakeups on dev_pagemap page-idle events. Introduce MEMORY_DEVICE_FS_DAX and generic_dax_page_free() as common indicator / infrastructure for dax filesytems to require. With this change there are no users of the MEMORY_DEVICE_HOST designation, so remove it. The HMM sub-system extended dev_pagemap to arrange a callback when a dev_pagemap managed page is freed. Since a dev_pagemap page is free / idle when its reference count is 1 it requires an additional branch to check the page-type at put_page() time. Given put_page() is a hot-path we do not want to incur that check if HMM is not in use, so a static branch is used to avoid that overhead when not necessary. Now, the FS_DAX implementation wants to reuse this mechanism for receiving dev_pagemap ->page_free() callbacks. Rework the HMM-specific static-key into a generic mechanism that either HMM or FS_DAX code paths can enable. For ARCH=um builds, and any other arch that lacks ZONE_DEVICE support, care must be taken to compile out the DEV_PAGEMAP_OPS infrastructure. However, we still need to support FS_DAX in the FS_DAX_LIMITED case implemented by the s390/dcssblk driver. Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com> Reported-by: Thomas Meyer <thomas@m3y3r.de> Reported-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Cc: "Jérôme Glisse" <jglisse@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
2018-05-16 18:46:08 +00:00
select DEV_PAGEMAP_OPS
mm/ZONE_DEVICE: new type of ZONE_DEVICE for unaddressable memory HMM (heterogeneous memory management) need struct page to support migration from system main memory to device memory. Reasons for HMM and migration to device memory is explained with HMM core patch. This patch deals with device memory that is un-addressable memory (ie CPU can not access it). Hence we do not want those struct page to be manage like regular memory. That is why we extend ZONE_DEVICE to support different types of memory. A persistent memory type is define for existing user of ZONE_DEVICE and a new device un-addressable type is added for the un-addressable memory type. There is a clear separation between what is expected from each memory type and existing user of ZONE_DEVICE are un-affected by new requirement and new use of the un-addressable type. All specific code path are protect with test against the memory type. Because memory is un-addressable we use a new special swap type for when a page is migrated to device memory (this reduces the number of maximum swap file). The main two additions beside memory type to ZONE_DEVICE is two callbacks. First one, page_free() is call whenever page refcount reach 1 (which means the page is free as ZONE_DEVICE page never reach a refcount of 0). This allow device driver to manage its memory and associated struct page. The second callback page_fault() happens when there is a CPU access to an address that is back by a device page (which are un-addressable by the CPU). This callback is responsible to migrate the page back to system main memory. Device driver can not block migration back to system memory, HMM make sure that such page can not be pin into device memory. If device is in some error condition and can not migrate memory back then a CPU page fault to device memory should end with SIGBUS. [arnd@arndb.de: fix warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170823133213.712917-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817000548.32038-8-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Evgeny Baskakov <ebaskakov@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@nvidia.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@nvidia.com> Cc: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@nvidia.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bob Liu <liubo95@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 23:11:43 +00:00
help
Allows creation of struct pages to represent unaddressable device
memory; i.e., memory that is only accessible from the device (or
group of devices). You likely also want to select HMM_MIRROR.
config VMAP_PFN
bool
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Store protection bits in high VMA flags vma->vm_flags is an 'unsigned long', so has space for 32 flags on 32-bit architectures. The high 32 bits are unused on 64-bit platforms. We've steered away from using the unused high VMA bits for things because we would have difficulty supporting it on 32-bit. Protection Keys are not available in 32-bit mode, so there is no concern about supporting this feature in 32-bit mode or on 32-bit CPUs. This patch carves out 4 bits from the high half of vma->vm_flags and allows architectures to set config option to make them available. Sparse complains about these constants unless we explicitly call them "UL". Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Valentin Rothberg <valentinrothberg@gmail.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160212210208.81AF00D5@viggo.jf.intel.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2016-02-12 21:02:08 +00:00
config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
bool
config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
bool
config PERCPU_STATS
bool "Collect percpu memory statistics"
help
This feature collects and exposes statistics via debugfs. The
information includes global and per chunk statistics, which can
be used to help understand percpu memory usage.
mm/gup_benchmark: rename to mm/gup_test Patch series "selftests/vm: gup_test, hmm-tests, assorted improvements", v3. Summary: This series provides two main things, and a number of smaller supporting goodies. The two main points are: 1) Add a new sub-test to gup_test, which in turn is a renamed version of gup_benchmark. This sub-test allows nicer testing of dump_pages(), at least on user-space pages. For quite a while, I was doing a quick hack to gup_test.c whenever I wanted to try out changes to dump_page(). Then Matthew Wilcox asked me what I meant when I said "I used my dump_page() unit test", and I realized that it might be nice to check in a polished up version of that. Details about how it works and how to use it are in the commit description for patch #6 ("selftests/vm: gup_test: introduce the dump_pages() sub-test"). 2) Fixes a limitation of hmm-tests: these tests are incredibly useful, but only if people actually build and run them. And it turns out that libhugetlbfs is a little too effective at throwing a wrench in the works, there. So I've added a little configuration check that removes just two of the 21 hmm-tests, if libhugetlbfs is not available. Further details in the commit description of patch #8 ("selftests/vm: hmm-tests: remove the libhugetlbfs dependency"). Other smaller things that this series does: a) Remove code duplication by creating gup_test.h. b) Clear up the sub-test organization, and their invocation within run_vmtests.sh. c) Other minor assorted improvements. [1] v2 is here: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-doc/20200929212747.251804-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wgh-TMPHLY3jueHX7Y2fWh3D+nMBqVS__AZm6-oorquWA@mail.gmail.com This patch (of 9): Rename nearly every "gup_benchmark" reference and file name to "gup_test". The one exception is for the actual gup benchmark test itself. The current code already does a *little* bit more than benchmarking, and definitely covers more than get_user_pages_fast(). More importantly, however, subsequent patches are about to add some functionality that is non-benchmark related. Closely related changes: * Kconfig: in addition to renaming the options from GUP_BENCHMARK to GUP_TEST, update the help text to reflect that it's no longer a benchmark-only test. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-12-15 03:05:05 +00:00
config GUP_TEST
bool "Enable infrastructure for get_user_pages()-related unit tests"
depends on DEBUG_FS
help
mm/gup_benchmark: rename to mm/gup_test Patch series "selftests/vm: gup_test, hmm-tests, assorted improvements", v3. Summary: This series provides two main things, and a number of smaller supporting goodies. The two main points are: 1) Add a new sub-test to gup_test, which in turn is a renamed version of gup_benchmark. This sub-test allows nicer testing of dump_pages(), at least on user-space pages. For quite a while, I was doing a quick hack to gup_test.c whenever I wanted to try out changes to dump_page(). Then Matthew Wilcox asked me what I meant when I said "I used my dump_page() unit test", and I realized that it might be nice to check in a polished up version of that. Details about how it works and how to use it are in the commit description for patch #6 ("selftests/vm: gup_test: introduce the dump_pages() sub-test"). 2) Fixes a limitation of hmm-tests: these tests are incredibly useful, but only if people actually build and run them. And it turns out that libhugetlbfs is a little too effective at throwing a wrench in the works, there. So I've added a little configuration check that removes just two of the 21 hmm-tests, if libhugetlbfs is not available. Further details in the commit description of patch #8 ("selftests/vm: hmm-tests: remove the libhugetlbfs dependency"). Other smaller things that this series does: a) Remove code duplication by creating gup_test.h. b) Clear up the sub-test organization, and their invocation within run_vmtests.sh. c) Other minor assorted improvements. [1] v2 is here: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-doc/20200929212747.251804-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wgh-TMPHLY3jueHX7Y2fWh3D+nMBqVS__AZm6-oorquWA@mail.gmail.com This patch (of 9): Rename nearly every "gup_benchmark" reference and file name to "gup_test". The one exception is for the actual gup benchmark test itself. The current code already does a *little* bit more than benchmarking, and definitely covers more than get_user_pages_fast(). More importantly, however, subsequent patches are about to add some functionality that is non-benchmark related. Closely related changes: * Kconfig: in addition to renaming the options from GUP_BENCHMARK to GUP_TEST, update the help text to reflect that it's no longer a benchmark-only test. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-12-15 03:05:05 +00:00
Provides /sys/kernel/debug/gup_test, which in turn provides a way
to make ioctl calls that can launch kernel-based unit tests for
the get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*() family of API calls.
mm/gup_benchmark: rename to mm/gup_test Patch series "selftests/vm: gup_test, hmm-tests, assorted improvements", v3. Summary: This series provides two main things, and a number of smaller supporting goodies. The two main points are: 1) Add a new sub-test to gup_test, which in turn is a renamed version of gup_benchmark. This sub-test allows nicer testing of dump_pages(), at least on user-space pages. For quite a while, I was doing a quick hack to gup_test.c whenever I wanted to try out changes to dump_page(). Then Matthew Wilcox asked me what I meant when I said "I used my dump_page() unit test", and I realized that it might be nice to check in a polished up version of that. Details about how it works and how to use it are in the commit description for patch #6 ("selftests/vm: gup_test: introduce the dump_pages() sub-test"). 2) Fixes a limitation of hmm-tests: these tests are incredibly useful, but only if people actually build and run them. And it turns out that libhugetlbfs is a little too effective at throwing a wrench in the works, there. So I've added a little configuration check that removes just two of the 21 hmm-tests, if libhugetlbfs is not available. Further details in the commit description of patch #8 ("selftests/vm: hmm-tests: remove the libhugetlbfs dependency"). Other smaller things that this series does: a) Remove code duplication by creating gup_test.h. b) Clear up the sub-test organization, and their invocation within run_vmtests.sh. c) Other minor assorted improvements. [1] v2 is here: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-doc/20200929212747.251804-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wgh-TMPHLY3jueHX7Y2fWh3D+nMBqVS__AZm6-oorquWA@mail.gmail.com This patch (of 9): Rename nearly every "gup_benchmark" reference and file name to "gup_test". The one exception is for the actual gup benchmark test itself. The current code already does a *little* bit more than benchmarking, and definitely covers more than get_user_pages_fast(). More importantly, however, subsequent patches are about to add some functionality that is non-benchmark related. Closely related changes: * Kconfig: in addition to renaming the options from GUP_BENCHMARK to GUP_TEST, update the help text to reflect that it's no longer a benchmark-only test. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-12-15 03:05:05 +00:00
These tests include benchmark testing of the _fast variants of
get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*(), as well as smoke tests of
the non-_fast variants.
selftests/vm: gup_test: introduce the dump_pages() sub-test For quite a while, I was doing a quick hack to gup_test.c (previously, gup_benchmark.c) whenever I wanted to try out my changes to dump_page(). This makes that hack unnecessary, and instead allows anyone to easily get the same coverage from a user space program. That saves a lot of time because you don't have to change the kernel, in order to test different pages and options. The new sub-test takes advantage of the existing gup_test infrastructure, which already provides a simple user space program, some allocated user space pages, an ioctl call, pinning of those pages (via either get_user_pages or pin_user_pages) and a corresponding kernel-side test invocation. There's not much more required, mainly just a couple of inputs from the user. In fact, the new test re-uses the existing command line options in order to get various helpful combinations (THP or normal, _fast or slow gup, gup vs. pup, and more). New command line options are: which pages to dump, and what type of "get/pin" to use. In order to figure out which pages to dump, the logic is: * If the user doesn't specify anything, the page 0 (the first page in the address range that the program sets up for testing) is dumped. * Or, the user can type up to 8 page indices anywhere on the command line. If you type more than 8, then it uses the first 8 and ignores the remaining items. For example: ./gup_test -ct -F 1 0 19 0x1000 Meaning: -c: dump pages sub-test -t: use THP pages -F 1: use pin_user_pages() instead of get_user_pages() 0 19 0x1000: dump pages 0, 19, and 4096 Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-7-jhubbard@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-12-15 03:05:21 +00:00
There is also a sub-test that allows running dump_page() on any
of up to eight pages (selected by command line args) within the
range of user-space addresses. These pages are either pinned via
pin_user_pages*(), or pinned via get_user_pages*(), as specified
by other command line arguments.
mm/gup_benchmark: rename to mm/gup_test Patch series "selftests/vm: gup_test, hmm-tests, assorted improvements", v3. Summary: This series provides two main things, and a number of smaller supporting goodies. The two main points are: 1) Add a new sub-test to gup_test, which in turn is a renamed version of gup_benchmark. This sub-test allows nicer testing of dump_pages(), at least on user-space pages. For quite a while, I was doing a quick hack to gup_test.c whenever I wanted to try out changes to dump_page(). Then Matthew Wilcox asked me what I meant when I said "I used my dump_page() unit test", and I realized that it might be nice to check in a polished up version of that. Details about how it works and how to use it are in the commit description for patch #6 ("selftests/vm: gup_test: introduce the dump_pages() sub-test"). 2) Fixes a limitation of hmm-tests: these tests are incredibly useful, but only if people actually build and run them. And it turns out that libhugetlbfs is a little too effective at throwing a wrench in the works, there. So I've added a little configuration check that removes just two of the 21 hmm-tests, if libhugetlbfs is not available. Further details in the commit description of patch #8 ("selftests/vm: hmm-tests: remove the libhugetlbfs dependency"). Other smaller things that this series does: a) Remove code duplication by creating gup_test.h. b) Clear up the sub-test organization, and their invocation within run_vmtests.sh. c) Other minor assorted improvements. [1] v2 is here: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-doc/20200929212747.251804-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wgh-TMPHLY3jueHX7Y2fWh3D+nMBqVS__AZm6-oorquWA@mail.gmail.com This patch (of 9): Rename nearly every "gup_benchmark" reference and file name to "gup_test". The one exception is for the actual gup benchmark test itself. The current code already does a *little* bit more than benchmarking, and definitely covers more than get_user_pages_fast(). More importantly, however, subsequent patches are about to add some functionality that is non-benchmark related. Closely related changes: * Kconfig: in addition to renaming the options from GUP_BENCHMARK to GUP_TEST, update the help text to reflect that it's no longer a benchmark-only test. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201026064021.3545418-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-12-15 03:05:05 +00:00
See tools/testing/selftests/vm/gup_test.c
mm: introduce ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL Currently the PTE special supports is turned on in per architecture header files. Most of the time, it is defined in arch/*/include/asm/pgtable.h depending or not on some other per architecture static definition. This patch introduce a new configuration variable to manage this directly in the Kconfig files. It would later replace __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL. Here notes for some architecture where the definition of __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is not obvious: arm __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL which is currently defined in arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable-3level.h which is included by arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable.h when CONFIG_ARM_LPAE is set. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL if ARM_LPAE. powerpc __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is defined in 2 files: - arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/pgtable.h - arch/powerpc/include/asm/pte-common.h The first one is included if (PPC_BOOK3S & PPC64) while the second is included in all the other cases. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL all the time. sparc: __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is defined if defined(__sparc__) && defined(__arch64__) which are defined through the compiler in sparc/Makefile if !SPARC32 which I assume to be if SPARC64. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL if SPARC64 There is no functional change introduced by this patch. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1523433816-14460-2-git-send-email-ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> Cc: Albert Ou <albert@sifive.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Christophe LEROY <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-06-08 00:06:08 +00:00
comment "GUP_TEST needs to have DEBUG_FS enabled"
depends on !GUP_TEST && !DEBUG_FS
mm: introduce ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL Currently the PTE special supports is turned on in per architecture header files. Most of the time, it is defined in arch/*/include/asm/pgtable.h depending or not on some other per architecture static definition. This patch introduce a new configuration variable to manage this directly in the Kconfig files. It would later replace __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL. Here notes for some architecture where the definition of __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is not obvious: arm __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL which is currently defined in arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable-3level.h which is included by arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable.h when CONFIG_ARM_LPAE is set. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL if ARM_LPAE. powerpc __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is defined in 2 files: - arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/pgtable.h - arch/powerpc/include/asm/pte-common.h The first one is included if (PPC_BOOK3S & PPC64) while the second is included in all the other cases. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL all the time. sparc: __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is defined if defined(__sparc__) && defined(__arch64__) which are defined through the compiler in sparc/Makefile if !SPARC32 which I assume to be if SPARC64. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL if SPARC64 There is no functional change introduced by this patch. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1523433816-14460-2-git-send-email-ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> Cc: Albert Ou <albert@sifive.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Christophe LEROY <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-06-08 00:06:08 +00:00
config GUP_GET_PTE_LOW_HIGH
bool
mm,thp: add read-only THP support for (non-shmem) FS This patch is (hopefully) the first step to enable THP for non-shmem filesystems. This patch enables an application to put part of its text sections to THP via madvise, for example: madvise((void *)0x600000, 0x200000, MADV_HUGEPAGE); We tried to reuse the logic for THP on tmpfs. Currently, write is not supported for non-shmem THP. khugepaged will only process vma with VM_DENYWRITE. sys_mmap() ignores VM_DENYWRITE requests (see ksys_mmap_pgoff). The only way to create vma with VM_DENYWRITE is execve(). This requirement limits non-shmem THP to text sections. The next patch will handle writes, which would only happen when the all the vmas with VM_DENYWRITE are unmapped. An EXPERIMENTAL config, READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS, is added to gate this feature. [songliubraving@fb.com: fix build without CONFIG_SHMEM] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/F53407FB-96CC-42E8-9862-105C92CC2B98@fb.com [songliubraving@fb.com: fix double unlock in collapse_file()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/B960CBFA-8EFC-4DA4-ABC5-1977FFF2CA57@fb.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190801184244.3169074-7-songliubraving@fb.com Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-23 22:38:00 +00:00
config READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS
bool "Read-only THP for filesystems (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && SHMEM
mm,thp: add read-only THP support for (non-shmem) FS This patch is (hopefully) the first step to enable THP for non-shmem filesystems. This patch enables an application to put part of its text sections to THP via madvise, for example: madvise((void *)0x600000, 0x200000, MADV_HUGEPAGE); We tried to reuse the logic for THP on tmpfs. Currently, write is not supported for non-shmem THP. khugepaged will only process vma with VM_DENYWRITE. sys_mmap() ignores VM_DENYWRITE requests (see ksys_mmap_pgoff). The only way to create vma with VM_DENYWRITE is execve(). This requirement limits non-shmem THP to text sections. The next patch will handle writes, which would only happen when the all the vmas with VM_DENYWRITE are unmapped. An EXPERIMENTAL config, READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS, is added to gate this feature. [songliubraving@fb.com: fix build without CONFIG_SHMEM] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/F53407FB-96CC-42E8-9862-105C92CC2B98@fb.com [songliubraving@fb.com: fix double unlock in collapse_file()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/B960CBFA-8EFC-4DA4-ABC5-1977FFF2CA57@fb.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190801184244.3169074-7-songliubraving@fb.com Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-09-23 22:38:00 +00:00
help
Allow khugepaged to put read-only file-backed pages in THP.
This is marked experimental because it is a new feature. Write
support of file THPs will be developed in the next few release
cycles.
mm: introduce ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL Currently the PTE special supports is turned on in per architecture header files. Most of the time, it is defined in arch/*/include/asm/pgtable.h depending or not on some other per architecture static definition. This patch introduce a new configuration variable to manage this directly in the Kconfig files. It would later replace __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL. Here notes for some architecture where the definition of __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is not obvious: arm __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL which is currently defined in arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable-3level.h which is included by arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable.h when CONFIG_ARM_LPAE is set. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL if ARM_LPAE. powerpc __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is defined in 2 files: - arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/pgtable.h - arch/powerpc/include/asm/pte-common.h The first one is included if (PPC_BOOK3S & PPC64) while the second is included in all the other cases. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL all the time. sparc: __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL is defined if defined(__sparc__) && defined(__arch64__) which are defined through the compiler in sparc/Makefile if !SPARC32 which I assume to be if SPARC64. So select ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL if SPARC64 There is no functional change introduced by this patch. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1523433816-14460-2-git-send-email-ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> Cc: Albert Ou <albert@sifive.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Christophe LEROY <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-06-08 00:06:08 +00:00
config ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
bool
#
# Some architectures require a special hugepage directory format that is
# required to support multiple hugepage sizes. For example a4fe3ce76
# "powerpc/mm: Allow more flexible layouts for hugepage pagetables"
# introduced it on powerpc. This allows for a more flexible hugepage
# pagetable layouts.
#
config ARCH_HAS_HUGEPD
bool
config MAPPING_DIRTY_HELPERS
bool
config KMAP_LOCAL
bool
# struct io_mapping based helper. Selected by drivers that need them
config IO_MAPPING
bool
mm: introduce memfd_secret system call to create "secret" memory areas Introduce "memfd_secret" system call with the ability to create memory areas visible only in the context of the owning process and not mapped not only to other processes but in the kernel page tables as well. The secretmem feature is off by default and the user must explicitly enable it at the boot time. Once secretmem is enabled, the user will be able to create a file descriptor using the memfd_secret() system call. The memory areas created by mmap() calls from this file descriptor will be unmapped from the kernel direct map and they will be only mapped in the page table of the processes that have access to the file descriptor. Secretmem is designed to provide the following protections: * Enhanced protection (in conjunction with all the other in-kernel attack prevention systems) against ROP attacks. Seceretmem makes "simple" ROP insufficient to perform exfiltration, which increases the required complexity of the attack. Along with other protections like the kernel stack size limit and address space layout randomization which make finding gadgets is really hard, absence of any in-kernel primitive for accessing secret memory means the one gadget ROP attack can't work. Since the only way to access secret memory is to reconstruct the missing mapping entry, the attacker has to recover the physical page and insert a PTE pointing to it in the kernel and then retrieve the contents. That takes at least three gadgets which is a level of difficulty beyond most standard attacks. * Prevent cross-process secret userspace memory exposures. Once the secret memory is allocated, the user can't accidentally pass it into the kernel to be transmitted somewhere. The secreremem pages cannot be accessed via the direct map and they are disallowed in GUP. * Harden against exploited kernel flaws. In order to access secretmem, a kernel-side attack would need to either walk the page tables and create new ones, or spawn a new privileged uiserspace process to perform secrets exfiltration using ptrace. The file descriptor based memory has several advantages over the "traditional" mm interfaces, such as mlock(), mprotect(), madvise(). File descriptor approach allows explicit and controlled sharing of the memory areas, it allows to seal the operations. Besides, file descriptor based memory paves the way for VMMs to remove the secret memory range from the userspace hipervisor process, for instance QEMU. Andy Lutomirski says: "Getting fd-backed memory into a guest will take some possibly major work in the kernel, but getting vma-backed memory into a guest without mapping it in the host user address space seems much, much worse." memfd_secret() is made a dedicated system call rather than an extension to memfd_create() because it's purpose is to allow the user to create more secure memory mappings rather than to simply allow file based access to the memory. Nowadays a new system call cost is negligible while it is way simpler for userspace to deal with a clear-cut system calls than with a multiplexer or an overloaded syscall. Moreover, the initial implementation of memfd_secret() is completely distinct from memfd_create() so there is no much sense in overloading memfd_create() to begin with. If there will be a need for code sharing between these implementation it can be easily achieved without a need to adjust user visible APIs. The secret memory remains accessible in the process context using uaccess primitives, but it is not exposed to the kernel otherwise; secret memory areas are removed from the direct map and functions in the follow_page()/get_user_page() family will refuse to return a page that belongs to the secret memory area. Once there will be a use case that will require exposing secretmem to the kernel it will be an opt-in request in the system call flags so that user would have to decide what data can be exposed to the kernel. Removing of the pages from the direct map may cause its fragmentation on architectures that use large pages to map the physical memory which affects the system performance. However, the original Kconfig text for CONFIG_DIRECT_GBPAGES said that gigabyte pages in the direct map "... can improve the kernel's performance a tiny bit ..." (commit 00d1c5e05736 ("x86: add gbpages switches")) and the recent report [1] showed that "... although 1G mappings are a good default choice, there is no compelling evidence that it must be the only choice". Hence, it is sufficient to have secretmem disabled by default with the ability of a system administrator to enable it at boot time. Pages in the secretmem regions are unevictable and unmovable to avoid accidental exposure of the sensitive data via swap or during page migration. Since the secretmem mappings are locked in memory they cannot exceed RLIMIT_MEMLOCK. Since these mappings are already locked independently from mlock(), an attempt to mlock()/munlock() secretmem range would fail and mlockall()/munlockall() will ignore secretmem mappings. However, unlike mlock()ed memory, secretmem currently behaves more like long-term GUP: secretmem mappings are unmovable mappings directly consumed by user space. With default limits, there is no excessive use of secretmem and it poses no real problem in combination with ZONE_MOVABLE/CMA, but in the future this should be addressed to allow balanced use of large amounts of secretmem along with ZONE_MOVABLE/CMA. A page that was a part of the secret memory area is cleared when it is freed to ensure the data is not exposed to the next user of that page. The following example demonstrates creation of a secret mapping (error handling is omitted): fd = memfd_secret(0); ftruncate(fd, MAP_SIZE); ptr = mmap(NULL, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/213b4567-46ce-f116-9cdf-bbd0c884eb3c@linux.intel.com/ [akpm@linux-foundation.org: suppress Kconfig whine] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210518072034.31572-5-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net> Acked-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James Bottomley <jejb@linux.ibm.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-07-08 01:08:03 +00:00
config SECRETMEM
def_bool ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP && !EMBEDDED
endmenu