License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
|
2018-04-03 17:16:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef BTRFS_EXTENT_MAP_H
|
|
|
|
#define BTRFS_EXTENT_MAP_H
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2024-01-27 02:19:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/compiler_types.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <linux/rwlock_types.h>
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
|
2024-01-27 02:19:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/list.h>
|
2017-03-03 08:55:12 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/refcount.h>
|
2024-01-26 23:53:06 +00:00
|
|
|
#include "misc.h"
|
2024-01-27 02:19:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#include "extent_map.h"
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
#include "compression.h"
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2024-01-27 02:19:56 +00:00
|
|
|
struct btrfs_inode;
|
|
|
|
struct btrfs_fs_info;
|
|
|
|
|
2013-10-31 05:01:13 +00:00
|
|
|
#define EXTENT_MAP_LAST_BYTE ((u64)-4)
|
|
|
|
#define EXTENT_MAP_HOLE ((u64)-3)
|
|
|
|
#define EXTENT_MAP_INLINE ((u64)-2)
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2018-11-27 14:11:43 +00:00
|
|
|
/* bits for the extent_map::flags field */
|
|
|
|
enum {
|
|
|
|
/* this entry not yet on disk, don't free it */
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_PINNED),
|
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZLIB),
|
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_LZO),
|
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZSTD),
|
2018-11-27 14:11:43 +00:00
|
|
|
/* pre-allocated extent */
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC),
|
2018-11-27 14:11:43 +00:00
|
|
|
/* Logging this extent */
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_LOGGING),
|
btrfs: defrag: don't use merged extent map for their generation check
For extent maps, if they are not compressed extents and are adjacent by
logical addresses and file offsets, they can be merged into one larger
extent map.
Such merged extent map will have the higher generation of all the
original ones.
But this brings a problem for autodefrag, as it relies on accurate
extent_map::generation to determine if one extent should be defragged.
For merged extent maps, their higher generation can mark some older
extents to be defragged while the original extent map doesn't meet the
minimal generation threshold.
Thus this will cause extra IO.
So solve the problem, here we introduce a new flag, EXTENT_FLAG_MERGED,
to indicate if the extent map is merged from one or more ems.
And for autodefrag, if we find a merged extent map, and its generation
meets the generation requirement, we just don't use this one, and go
back to defrag_get_extent() to read extent maps from subvolume trees.
This could cause more read IO, but should result less defrag data write,
so in the long run it should be a win for autodefrag.
Reviewed-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2022-02-11 06:46:13 +00:00
|
|
|
/* This em is merged from two or more physically adjacent ems */
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
ENUM_BIT(EXTENT_FLAG_MERGED),
|
2018-11-27 14:11:43 +00:00
|
|
|
};
|
2008-07-18 16:01:11 +00:00
|
|
|
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
/*
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
* This structure represents file extents and holes.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Unlike on-disk file extent items, extent maps can be merged to save memory.
|
|
|
|
* This means members only match file extent items before any merging.
|
|
|
|
*
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
* Keep this structure as compact as possible, as we can have really large
|
|
|
|
* amounts of allocated extent maps at any time.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
struct extent_map {
|
|
|
|
struct rb_node rb_node;
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
/* All of these are in bytes. */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* File offset matching the offset of a BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY key. */
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 start;
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Length of the file extent.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* For non-inlined file extents it's btrfs_file_extent_item::num_bytes.
|
|
|
|
* For inline extents it's sectorsize, since inline data starts at
|
|
|
|
* offsetof(struct btrfs_file_extent_item, disk_bytenr) thus
|
|
|
|
* btrfs_file_extent_item::num_bytes is not valid.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 len;
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The file offset of the original file extent before splitting.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* This is an in-memory only member, matching
|
|
|
|
* extent_map::start - btrfs_file_extent_item::offset for
|
|
|
|
* regular/preallocated extents. EXTENT_MAP_HOLE otherwise.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2008-11-10 12:34:43 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 orig_start;
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The full on-disk extent length, matching
|
|
|
|
* btrfs_file_extent_item::disk_num_bytes.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-12-03 15:31:19 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 orig_block_len;
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The decompressed size of the whole on-disk extent, matching
|
|
|
|
* btrfs_file_extent_item::ram_bytes.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2013-04-04 18:31:27 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 ram_bytes;
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The on-disk logical bytenr for the file extent.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* For compressed extents it matches btrfs_file_extent_item::disk_bytenr.
|
|
|
|
* For uncompressed extents it matches
|
|
|
|
* btrfs_file_extent_item::disk_bytenr + btrfs_file_extent_item::offset
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* For holes it is EXTENT_MAP_HOLE and for inline extents it is
|
|
|
|
* EXTENT_MAP_INLINE.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 block_start;
|
2024-04-02 05:30:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* The on-disk length for the file extent.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* For compressed extents it matches btrfs_file_extent_item::disk_num_bytes.
|
|
|
|
* For uncompressed extents it matches extent_map::len.
|
|
|
|
* For holes and inline extents it's -1 and shouldn't be used.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
Btrfs: Add zlib compression support
This is a large change for adding compression on reading and writing,
both for inline and regular extents. It does some fairly large
surgery to the writeback paths.
Compression is off by default and enabled by mount -o compress. Even
when the -o compress mount option is not used, it is possible to read
compressed extents off the disk.
If compression for a given set of pages fails to make them smaller, the
file is flagged to avoid future compression attempts later.
* While finding delalloc extents, the pages are locked before being sent down
to the delalloc handler. This allows the delalloc handler to do complex things
such as cleaning the pages, marking them writeback and starting IO on their
behalf.
* Inline extents are inserted at delalloc time now. This allows us to compress
the data before inserting the inline extent, and it allows us to insert
an inline extent that spans multiple pages.
* All of the in-memory extent representations (extent_map.c, ordered-data.c etc)
are changed to record both an in-memory size and an on disk size, as well
as a flag for compression.
From a disk format point of view, the extent pointers in the file are changed
to record the on disk size of a given extent and some encoding flags.
Space in the disk format is allocated for compression encoding, as well
as encryption and a generic 'other' field. Neither the encryption or the
'other' field are currently used.
In order to limit the amount of data read for a single random read in the
file, the size of a compressed extent is limited to 128k. This is a
software only limit, the disk format supports u64 sized compressed extents.
In order to limit the ram consumed while processing extents, the uncompressed
size of a compressed extent is limited to 256k. This is a software only limit
and will be subject to tuning later.
Checksumming is still done on compressed extents, and it is done on the
uncompressed version of the data. This way additional encodings can be
layered on without having to figure out which encoding to checksum.
Compression happens at delalloc time, which is basically singled threaded because
it is usually done by a single pdflush thread. This makes it tricky to
spread the compression load across all the cpus on the box. We'll have to
look at parallel pdflush walks of dirty inodes at a later time.
Decompression is hooked into readpages and it does spread across CPUs nicely.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
2008-10-29 18:49:59 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 block_len;
|
btrfs: defrag: don't use merged extent map for their generation check
For extent maps, if they are not compressed extents and are adjacent by
logical addresses and file offsets, they can be merged into one larger
extent map.
Such merged extent map will have the higher generation of all the
original ones.
But this brings a problem for autodefrag, as it relies on accurate
extent_map::generation to determine if one extent should be defragged.
For merged extent maps, their higher generation can mark some older
extents to be defragged while the original extent map doesn't meet the
minimal generation threshold.
Thus this will cause extra IO.
So solve the problem, here we introduce a new flag, EXTENT_FLAG_MERGED,
to indicate if the extent map is merged from one or more ems.
And for autodefrag, if we find a merged extent map, and its generation
meets the generation requirement, we just don't use this one, and go
back to defrag_get_extent() to read extent maps from subvolume trees.
This could cause more read IO, but should result less defrag data write,
so in the long run it should be a win for autodefrag.
Reviewed-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2022-02-11 06:46:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Generation of the extent map, for merged em it's the highest
|
|
|
|
* generation of all merged ems.
|
|
|
|
* For non-merged extents, it's from btrfs_file_extent_item::generation.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
Btrfs: turbo charge fsync
At least for the vm workload. Currently on fsync we will
1) Truncate all items in the log tree for the given inode if they exist
and
2) Copy all items for a given inode into the log
The problem with this is that for things like VMs you can have lots of
extents from the fragmented writing behavior, and worst yet you may have
only modified a few extents, not the entire thing. This patch fixes this
problem by tracking which transid modified our extent, and then when we do
the tree logging we find all of the extents we've modified in our current
transaction, sort them and commit them. We also only truncate up to the
xattrs of the inode and copy that stuff in normally, and then just drop any
extents in the range we have that exist in the log already. Here are some
numbers of a 50 meg fio job that does random writes and fsync()s after every
write
Original Patched
SATA drive 82KB/s 140KB/s
Fusion drive 431KB/s 2532KB/s
So around 2-6 times faster depending on your hardware. There are a few
corner cases, for example if you truncate at all we have to do it the old
way since there is no way to be sure what is in the log is ok. This
probably could be done smarter, but if you write-fsync-truncate-write-fsync
you deserve what you get. All this work is in RAM of course so if your
inode gets evicted from cache and you read it in and fsync it we'll do it
the slow way if we are still in the same transaction that we last modified
the inode in.
The biggest cool part of this is that it requires no changes to the recovery
code, so if you fsync with this patch and crash and load an old kernel, it
will run the recovery and be a-ok. I have tested this pretty thoroughly
with an fsync tester and everything comes back fine, as well as xfstests.
Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fusionio.com>
2012-08-17 17:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 generation;
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
u32 flags;
|
2017-03-03 08:55:12 +00:00
|
|
|
refcount_t refs;
|
Btrfs: turbo charge fsync
At least for the vm workload. Currently on fsync we will
1) Truncate all items in the log tree for the given inode if they exist
and
2) Copy all items for a given inode into the log
The problem with this is that for things like VMs you can have lots of
extents from the fragmented writing behavior, and worst yet you may have
only modified a few extents, not the entire thing. This patch fixes this
problem by tracking which transid modified our extent, and then when we do
the tree logging we find all of the extents we've modified in our current
transaction, sort them and commit them. We also only truncate up to the
xattrs of the inode and copy that stuff in normally, and then just drop any
extents in the range we have that exist in the log already. Here are some
numbers of a 50 meg fio job that does random writes and fsync()s after every
write
Original Patched
SATA drive 82KB/s 140KB/s
Fusion drive 431KB/s 2532KB/s
So around 2-6 times faster depending on your hardware. There are a few
corner cases, for example if you truncate at all we have to do it the old
way since there is no way to be sure what is in the log is ok. This
probably could be done smarter, but if you write-fsync-truncate-write-fsync
you deserve what you get. All this work is in RAM of course so if your
inode gets evicted from cache and you read it in and fsync it we'll do it
the slow way if we are still in the same transaction that we last modified
the inode in.
The biggest cool part of this is that it requires no changes to the recovery
code, so if you fsync with this patch and crash and load an old kernel, it
will run the recovery and be a-ok. I have tested this pretty thoroughly
with an fsync tester and everything comes back fine, as well as xfstests.
Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fusionio.com>
2012-08-17 17:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
struct list_head list;
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
struct extent_map_tree {
|
2018-08-22 19:51:52 +00:00
|
|
|
struct rb_root_cached map;
|
Btrfs: turbo charge fsync
At least for the vm workload. Currently on fsync we will
1) Truncate all items in the log tree for the given inode if they exist
and
2) Copy all items for a given inode into the log
The problem with this is that for things like VMs you can have lots of
extents from the fragmented writing behavior, and worst yet you may have
only modified a few extents, not the entire thing. This patch fixes this
problem by tracking which transid modified our extent, and then when we do
the tree logging we find all of the extents we've modified in our current
transaction, sort them and commit them. We also only truncate up to the
xattrs of the inode and copy that stuff in normally, and then just drop any
extents in the range we have that exist in the log already. Here are some
numbers of a 50 meg fio job that does random writes and fsync()s after every
write
Original Patched
SATA drive 82KB/s 140KB/s
Fusion drive 431KB/s 2532KB/s
So around 2-6 times faster depending on your hardware. There are a few
corner cases, for example if you truncate at all we have to do it the old
way since there is no way to be sure what is in the log is ok. This
probably could be done smarter, but if you write-fsync-truncate-write-fsync
you deserve what you get. All this work is in RAM of course so if your
inode gets evicted from cache and you read it in and fsync it we'll do it
the slow way if we are still in the same transaction that we last modified
the inode in.
The biggest cool part of this is that it requires no changes to the recovery
code, so if you fsync with this patch and crash and load an old kernel, it
will run the recovery and be a-ok. I have tested this pretty thoroughly
with an fsync tester and everything comes back fine, as well as xfstests.
Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fusionio.com>
2012-08-17 17:14:17 +00:00
|
|
|
struct list_head modified_extents;
|
2009-09-02 20:24:52 +00:00
|
|
|
rwlock_t lock;
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2022-09-19 14:06:29 +00:00
|
|
|
struct btrfs_inode;
|
|
|
|
|
btrfs: use the flags of an extent map to identify the compression type
Currently, in struct extent_map, we use an unsigned int (32 bits) to
identify the compression type of an extent and an unsigned long (64 bits
on a 64 bits platform, 32 bits otherwise) for flags. We are only using
6 different flags, so an unsigned long is excessive and we can use flags
to identify the compression type instead of using a dedicated 32 bits
field.
We can easily have tens or hundreds of thousands (or more) of extent maps
on busy and large filesystems, specially with compression enabled or many
or large files with tons of small extents. So it's convenient to have the
extent_map structure as small as possible in order to use less memory.
So remove the compression type field from struct extent_map, use flags
to identify the compression type and shorten the flags field from an
unsigned long to a u32. This saves 8 bytes (on 64 bits platforms) and
reduces the size of the structure from 136 bytes down to 128 bytes, using
now only two cache lines, and increases the number of extent maps we can
have per 4K page from 30 to 32. By using a u32 for the flags instead of
an unsigned long, we no longer use test_bit(), set_bit() and clear_bit(),
but that level of atomicity is not needed as most flags are never cleared
once set (before adding an extent map to the tree), and the ones that can
be cleared or set after an extent map is added to the tree, are always
performed while holding the write lock on the extent map tree, while the
reader holds a lock on the tree or tests for a flag that never changes
once the extent map is in the tree (such as compression flags).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2023-12-04 16:20:33 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline void extent_map_set_compression(struct extent_map *em,
|
|
|
|
enum btrfs_compression_type type)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (type == BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZLIB)
|
|
|
|
em->flags |= EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZLIB;
|
|
|
|
else if (type == BTRFS_COMPRESS_LZO)
|
|
|
|
em->flags |= EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_LZO;
|
|
|
|
else if (type == BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZSTD)
|
|
|
|
em->flags |= EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZSTD;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static inline enum btrfs_compression_type extent_map_compression(const struct extent_map *em)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZLIB)
|
|
|
|
return BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZLIB;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_LZO)
|
|
|
|
return BTRFS_COMPRESS_LZO;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZSTD)
|
|
|
|
return BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZSTD;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* More efficient way to determine if extent is compressed, instead of using
|
|
|
|
* 'extent_map_compression() != BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE'.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static inline bool extent_map_is_compressed(const struct extent_map *em)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return (em->flags & (EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZLIB |
|
|
|
|
EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_LZO |
|
|
|
|
EXTENT_FLAG_COMPRESS_ZSTD)) != 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2014-02-25 14:15:12 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline int extent_map_in_tree(const struct extent_map *em)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return !RB_EMPTY_NODE(&em->rb_node);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2023-12-04 16:20:31 +00:00
|
|
|
static inline u64 extent_map_end(const struct extent_map *em)
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (em->start + em->len < em->start)
|
|
|
|
return (u64)-1;
|
|
|
|
return em->start + em->len;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2011-04-20 22:34:43 +00:00
|
|
|
void extent_map_tree_init(struct extent_map_tree *tree);
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
struct extent_map *lookup_extent_mapping(struct extent_map_tree *tree,
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
u64 start, u64 len);
|
2024-03-21 15:08:38 +00:00
|
|
|
void remove_extent_mapping(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct extent_map *em);
|
2023-05-24 15:03:17 +00:00
|
|
|
int split_extent_map(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 len, u64 pre,
|
|
|
|
u64 new_logical);
|
2008-01-24 21:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2011-04-20 22:48:27 +00:00
|
|
|
struct extent_map *alloc_extent_map(void);
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
void free_extent_map(struct extent_map *em);
|
2007-11-19 15:22:33 +00:00
|
|
|
int __init extent_map_init(void);
|
2018-02-19 16:24:18 +00:00
|
|
|
void __cold extent_map_exit(void);
|
2023-12-04 16:20:29 +00:00
|
|
|
int unpin_extent_cache(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 len, u64 gen);
|
2024-03-21 11:34:55 +00:00
|
|
|
void clear_em_logging(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct extent_map *em);
|
2009-09-18 20:07:03 +00:00
|
|
|
struct extent_map *search_extent_mapping(struct extent_map_tree *tree,
|
|
|
|
u64 start, u64 len);
|
2024-01-11 15:13:35 +00:00
|
|
|
int btrfs_add_extent_mapping(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
|
2018-01-05 19:51:11 +00:00
|
|
|
struct extent_map **em_in, u64 start, u64 len);
|
2022-09-19 14:06:29 +00:00
|
|
|
void btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
|
|
|
|
u64 start, u64 end,
|
|
|
|
bool skip_pinned);
|
2022-09-19 14:06:33 +00:00
|
|
|
int btrfs_replace_extent_map_range(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
|
|
|
|
struct extent_map *new_em,
|
|
|
|
bool modified);
|
btrfs: add a shrinker for extent maps
Extent maps are used either to represent existing file extent items, or to
represent new extents that are going to be written and the respective file
extent items are created when the ordered extent completes.
We currently don't have any limit for how many extent maps we can have,
neither per inode nor globally. Most of the time this not too noticeable
because extent maps are removed in the following situations:
1) When evicting an inode;
2) When releasing folios (pages) through the btrfs_release_folio() address
space operation callback.
However we won't release extent maps in the folio range if the folio is
either dirty or under writeback or if the inode's i_size is less than
or equals to 16M (see try_release_extent_mapping(). This 16M i_size
constraint was added back in 2008 with commit 70dec8079d78 ("Btrfs:
extent_io and extent_state optimizations"), but there's no explanation
about why we have it or why the 16M value.
This means that for buffered IO we can reach an OOM situation due to too
many extent maps if either of the following happens:
1) There's a set of tasks constantly doing IO on many files with a size
not larger than 16M, specially if they keep the files open for very
long periods, therefore preventing inode eviction.
This requires a really high number of such files, and having many non
mergeable extent maps (due to random 4K writes for example) and a
machine with very little memory;
2) There's a set tasks constantly doing random write IO (therefore
creating many non mergeable extent maps) on files and keeping them
open for long periods of time, so inode eviction doesn't happen and
there's always a lot of dirty pages or pages under writeback,
preventing btrfs_release_folio() from releasing the respective extent
maps.
This second case was actually reported in the thread pointed by the Link
tag below, and it requires a very large file under heavy IO and a machine
with very little amount of RAM, which is probably hard to happen in
practice in a real world use case.
However when using direct IO this is not so hard to happen, because the
page cache is not used, and therefore btrfs_release_folio() is never
called. Which means extent maps are dropped only when evicting the inode,
and that means that if we have tasks that keep a file descriptor open and
keep doing IO on a very large file (or files), we can exhaust memory due
to an unbounded amount of extent maps. This is especially easy to happen
if we have a huge file with millions of small extents and their extent
maps are not mergeable (non contiguous offsets and disk locations).
This was reported in that thread with the following fio test:
$ cat test.sh
#!/bin/bash
DEV=/dev/sdj
MNT=/mnt/sdj
MOUNT_OPTIONS="-o ssd"
MKFS_OPTIONS=""
cat <<EOF > /tmp/fio-job.ini
[global]
name=fio-rand-write
filename=$MNT/fio-rand-write
rw=randwrite
bs=4K
direct=1
numjobs=16
fallocate=none
time_based
runtime=90000
[file1]
size=300G
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=16
EOF
umount $MNT &> /dev/null
mkfs.btrfs -f $MKFS_OPTIONS $DEV
mount $MOUNT_OPTIONS $DEV $MNT
fio /tmp/fio-job.ini
umount $MNT
Monitoring the btrfs_extent_map slab while running the test with:
$ watch -d -n 1 'cat /sys/kernel/slab/btrfs_extent_map/objects \
/sys/kernel/slab/btrfs_extent_map/total_objects'
Shows the number of active and total extent maps skyrocketing to tens of
millions, and on systems with a short amount of memory it's easy and quick
to get into an OOM situation, as reported in that thread.
So to avoid this issue add a shrinker that will remove extents maps, as
long as they are not pinned, and takes proper care with any concurrent
fsync to avoid missing extents (setting the full sync flag while in the
middle of a fast fsync). This shrinker is triggered through the callbacks
nr_cached_objects and free_cached_objects of struct super_operations.
The shrinker will iterate over all roots and over all inodes of each
root, and keeps track of the last scanned root and inode, so that the
next time it runs, it starts from that root and from the next inode.
This is similar to what xfs does for its inode reclaim (implements those
callbacks, and cycles through inodes by starting from where it ended
last time).
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2024-04-15 16:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
long btrfs_free_extent_maps(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, long nr_to_scan);
|
2018-04-03 17:16:55 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-08-27 20:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
#endif
|