License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2017-02-03 20:11:09 +00:00
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#ifndef _LINUX_SCHED_SYSCTL_H
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#define _LINUX_SCHED_SYSCTL_H
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#include <linux/types.h>
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struct ctl_table;
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2013-02-07 15:46:59 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK
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2022-01-22 06:11:00 +00:00
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/* used for hung_task and block/ */
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2013-02-07 15:46:59 +00:00
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extern unsigned long sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs;
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#else
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/* Avoid need for ifdefs elsewhere in the code */
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enum { sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs = 0 };
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#endif
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2021-03-24 10:43:21 +00:00
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_child_runs_first;
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2013-02-07 15:46:59 +00:00
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enum sched_tunable_scaling {
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SCHED_TUNABLESCALING_NONE,
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SCHED_TUNABLESCALING_LOG,
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SCHED_TUNABLESCALING_LINEAR,
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SCHED_TUNABLESCALING_END,
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};
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2013-02-07 15:47:04 +00:00
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/*
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* control realtime throttling:
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*
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* /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us
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* /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us
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*/
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2013-02-07 15:46:59 +00:00
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_rt_period;
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extern int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
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2019-07-26 14:54:10 +00:00
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_dl_period_max;
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_dl_period_min;
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2019-06-21 08:42:05 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_uclamp_util_min;
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_uclamp_util_max;
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sched/uclamp: Add a new sysctl to control RT default boost value
RT tasks by default run at the highest capacity/performance level. When
uclamp is selected this default behavior is retained by enforcing the
requested uclamp.min (p->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MIN]) of the RT tasks to be
uclamp_none(UCLAMP_MAX), which is SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE; the maximum
value.
This is also referred to as 'the default boost value of RT tasks'.
See commit 1a00d999971c ("sched/uclamp: Set default clamps for RT tasks").
On battery powered devices, it is desired to control this default
(currently hardcoded) behavior at runtime to reduce energy consumed by
RT tasks.
For example, a mobile device manufacturer where big.LITTLE architecture
is dominant, the performance of the little cores varies across SoCs, and
on high end ones the big cores could be too power hungry.
Given the diversity of SoCs, the new knob allows manufactures to tune
the best performance/power for RT tasks for the particular hardware they
run on.
They could opt to further tune the value when the user selects
a different power saving mode or when the device is actively charging.
The runtime aspect of it further helps in creating a single kernel image
that can be run on multiple devices that require different tuning.
Keep in mind that a lot of RT tasks in the system are created by the
kernel. On Android for instance I can see over 50 RT tasks, only
a handful of which created by the Android framework.
To control the default behavior globally by system admins and device
integrator, introduce the new sysctl_sched_uclamp_util_min_rt_default
to change the default boost value of the RT tasks.
I anticipate this to be mostly in the form of modifying the init script
of a particular device.
To avoid polluting the fast path with unnecessary code, the approach
taken is to synchronously do the update by traversing all the existing
tasks in the system. This could race with a concurrent fork(), which is
dealt with by introducing sched_post_fork() function which will ensure
the racy fork will get the right update applied.
Tested on Juno-r2 in combination with the RT capacity awareness [1].
By default an RT task will go to the highest capacity CPU and run at the
maximum frequency, which is particularly energy inefficient on high end
mobile devices because the biggest core[s] are 'huge' and power hungry.
With this patch the RT task can be controlled to run anywhere by
default, and doesn't cause the frequency to be maximum all the time.
Yet any task that really needs to be boosted can easily escape this
default behavior by modifying its requested uclamp.min value
(p->uclamp_req[UCLAMP_MIN]) via sched_setattr() syscall.
[1] 804d402fb6f6: ("sched/rt: Make RT capacity-aware")
Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200716110347.19553-2-qais.yousef@arm.com
2020-07-16 11:03:45 +00:00
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_uclamp_util_min_rt_default;
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2019-06-21 08:42:05 +00:00
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#endif
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2013-02-07 15:46:59 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_cfs_bandwidth_slice;
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_autogroup_enabled;
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#endif
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2017-01-28 14:00:49 +00:00
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extern int sysctl_sched_rr_timeslice;
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2013-02-07 15:47:04 +00:00
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extern int sched_rr_timeslice;
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2020-04-24 06:43:38 +00:00
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int sched_rr_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
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size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
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int sched_rt_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
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size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
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int sysctl_sched_uclamp_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
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void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
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int sysctl_numa_balancing(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
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size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
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int sysctl_schedstats(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
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size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
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2016-02-05 09:08:36 +00:00
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2018-12-03 09:56:23 +00:00
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#if defined(CONFIG_ENERGY_MODEL) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHEDUTIL)
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extern unsigned int sysctl_sched_energy_aware;
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2020-04-24 06:43:38 +00:00
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int sched_energy_aware_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
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void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
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2018-12-03 09:56:23 +00:00
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#endif
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2017-02-03 20:11:09 +00:00
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#endif /* _LINUX_SCHED_SYSCTL_H */
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