2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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.. _page_owner:
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==================================================
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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page owner: Tracking about who allocated each page
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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==================================================
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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Introduction
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============
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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page owner is for the tracking about who allocated each page.
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It can be used to debug memory leak or to find a memory hogger.
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When allocation happens, information about allocation such as call stack
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and order of pages is stored into certain storage for each page.
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When we need to know about status of all pages, we can get and analyze
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this information.
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Although we already have tracepoint for tracing page allocation/free,
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using it for analyzing who allocate each page is rather complex. We need
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to enlarge the trace buffer for preventing overlapping until userspace
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program launched. And, launched program continually dump out the trace
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2020-10-22 14:26:53 +00:00
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buffer for later analysis and it would change system behaviour with more
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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possibility rather than just keeping it in memory, so bad for debugging.
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page owner can also be used for various purposes. For example, accurate
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fragmentation statistics can be obtained through gfp flag information of
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each page. It is already implemented and activated if page owner is
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enabled. Other usages are more than welcome.
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2022-02-23 13:41:04 +00:00
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page owner is disabled by default. So, if you'd like to use it, you need
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to add "page_owner=on" to your boot cmdline. If the kernel is built
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with page owner and page owner is disabled in runtime due to not enabling
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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boot option, runtime overhead is marginal. If disabled in runtime, it
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doesn't require memory to store owner information, so there is no runtime
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memory overhead. And, page owner inserts just two unlikely branches into
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2016-03-15 21:56:12 +00:00
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the page allocator hotpath and if not enabled, then allocation is done
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like as the kernel without page owner. These two unlikely branches should
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not affect to allocation performance, especially if the static keys jump
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label patching functionality is available. Following is the kernel's code
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size change due to this facility.
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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- Without page owner::
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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text data bss dec hex filename
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2020-12-15 03:04:49 +00:00
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48392 2333 644 51369 c8a9 mm/page_alloc.o
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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- With page owner::
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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text data bss dec hex filename
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2020-12-15 03:04:49 +00:00
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48800 2445 644 51889 cab1 mm/page_alloc.o
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2021-04-30 05:54:57 +00:00
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6662 108 29 6799 1a8f mm/page_owner.o
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2020-12-15 03:04:49 +00:00
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1025 8 8 1041 411 mm/page_ext.o
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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2020-12-15 03:04:49 +00:00
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Although, roughly, 8 KB code is added in total, page_alloc.o increase by
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520 bytes and less than half of it is in hotpath. Building the kernel with
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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page owner and turning it on if needed would be great option to debug
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kernel memory problem.
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There is one notice that is caused by implementation detail. page owner
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stores information into the memory from struct page extension. This memory
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is initialized some time later than that page allocator starts in sparse
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memory system, so, until initialization, many pages can be allocated and
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they would have no owner information. To fix it up, these early allocated
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pages are investigated and marked as allocated in initialization phase.
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Although it doesn't mean that they have the right owner information,
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at least, we can tell whether the page is allocated or not,
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more accurately. On 2GB memory x86-64 VM box, 13343 early allocated pages
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are catched and marked, although they are mostly allocated from struct
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page extension feature. Anyway, after that, no page is left in
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un-tracking state.
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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Usage
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=====
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1) Build user-space helper::
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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cd tools/vm
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make page_owner_sort
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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2) Enable page owner: add "page_owner=on" to boot cmdline.
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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2022-03-25 01:09:20 +00:00
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3) Do the job that you want to debug.
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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4) Analyze information from page owner::
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner > page_owner_full.txt
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2020-06-03 23:03:22 +00:00
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./page_owner_sort page_owner_full.txt sorted_page_owner.txt
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2014-12-13 00:56:07 +00:00
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2022-02-24 19:35:07 +00:00
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The general output of ``page_owner_full.txt`` is as follows::
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tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c: count and sort by mem
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-11-05 20:42:55 +00:00
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Page allocated via order XXX, ...
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PFN XXX ...
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2022-03-25 01:08:59 +00:00
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// Detailed stack
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tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c: count and sort by mem
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-11-05 20:42:55 +00:00
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Page allocated via order XXX, ...
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PFN XXX ...
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2022-03-25 01:08:59 +00:00
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// Detailed stack
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tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c: count and sort by mem
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-11-05 20:42:55 +00:00
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The ``page_owner_sort`` tool ignores ``PFN`` rows, puts the remaining rows
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in buf, uses regexp to extract the page order value, counts the times
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2022-03-25 01:08:56 +00:00
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and pages of buf, and finally sorts them according to the parameter(s).
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tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c: count and sort by mem
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-11-05 20:42:55 +00:00
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2018-03-21 19:22:35 +00:00
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See the result about who allocated each page
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2022-02-24 19:35:07 +00:00
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in the ``sorted_page_owner.txt``. General output::
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tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c: count and sort by mem
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-11-05 20:42:55 +00:00
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XXX times, XXX pages:
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Page allocated via order XXX, ...
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2022-03-25 01:08:59 +00:00
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// Detailed stack
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tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c: count and sort by mem
When viewing page owner information, we may be more concerned about the
total memory rather than the times of stack appears. Therefore, the
following adjustments are made:
1. Added the statistics on the total number of pages.
2. Added the optional parameter "-m" to configure the program to sort by
memory (total pages).
The general output of page_owner is as follows:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
PFN XXX ...
// Detailed stack
The original page_owner_sort ignores PFN rows, puts the remaining rows
in buf, counts the times of buf, and finally sorts them according to the
times. General output:
XXX times:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
Now, we use regexp to extract the page order value from the buf, and
count the total pages for the buf. General output:
XXX times, XXX pages:
Page allocated via order XXX, ...
// Detailed stack
By default, it is still sorted by the times of buf; If you want to sort
by the pages nums of buf, use the new -m parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1631678242-41033-1-git-send-email-weizhenliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Zhenliang Wei <weizhenliang@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-11-05 20:42:55 +00:00
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By default, ``page_owner_sort`` is sorted according to the times of buf.
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2022-03-25 01:08:56 +00:00
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If you want to sort by the page nums of buf, use the ``-m`` parameter.
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The detailed parameters are:
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fundamental function:
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Sort:
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-a Sort by memory allocation time.
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-m Sort by total memory.
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-p Sort by pid.
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2022-03-25 01:09:26 +00:00
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-P Sort by tgid.
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2022-03-25 01:08:56 +00:00
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-r Sort by memory release time.
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-s Sort by stack trace.
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-t Sort by times (default).
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additional function:
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Cull:
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-c Cull by comparing stacktrace instead of total block.
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Filter:
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2022-03-25 01:09:20 +00:00
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-f Filter out the information of blocks whose memory has been released.
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