License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2016-09-10 22:55:07 +00:00
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#ifndef __ASM_TLBEX_H
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#define __ASM_TLBEX_H
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#include <asm/uasm.h>
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/*
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* Write random or indexed TLB entry, and care about the hazards from
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* the preceding mtc0 and for the following eret.
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*/
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enum tlb_write_entry {
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tlb_random,
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tlb_indexed
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};
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extern int pgd_reg;
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void build_get_pmde64(u32 **p, struct uasm_label **l, struct uasm_reloc **r,
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unsigned int tmp, unsigned int ptr);
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void build_get_pgde32(u32 **p, unsigned int tmp, unsigned int ptr);
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void build_get_ptep(u32 **p, unsigned int tmp, unsigned int ptr);
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void build_update_entries(u32 **p, unsigned int tmp, unsigned int ptep);
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void build_tlb_write_entry(u32 **p, struct uasm_label **l,
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struct uasm_reloc **r,
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enum tlb_write_entry wmode);
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2023-12-04 11:56:57 +00:00
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void build_tlb_refill_handler(void);
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2016-09-10 22:55:07 +00:00
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MIPS: Consistently declare TLB functions
Since at least the beginning of the git era we've declared our TLB
exception handling functions inconsistently. They're actually functions,
but we declare them as arrays of u32 where each u32 is an encoded
instruction. This has always been the case for arch/mips/mm/tlbex.c, and
has also been true for arch/mips/kernel/traps.c since commit
86a1708a9d54 ("MIPS: Make tlb exception handler definitions and
declarations match.") which aimed for consistency but did so by
consistently making the our C code inconsistent with our assembly.
This is all usually harmless, but when using GCC 7 or newer to build a
kernel targeting microMIPS (ie. CONFIG_CPU_MICROMIPS=y) it becomes
problematic. With microMIPS bit 0 of the program counter indicates the
ISA mode. When bit 0 is zero instructions are decoded using the standard
MIPS32 or MIPS64 ISA. When bit 0 is one instructions are decoded using
microMIPS. This means that function pointers become odd - their least
significant bit is one for microMIPS code. We work around this in cases
where we need to access code using loads & stores with our
msk_isa16_mode() macro which simply clears bit 0 of the value it is
given:
#define msk_isa16_mode(x) ((x) & ~0x1)
For example we do this for our TLB load handler in
build_r4000_tlb_load_handler():
u32 *p = (u32 *)msk_isa16_mode((ulong)handle_tlbl);
We then write code to p, expecting it to be suitably aligned (our LEAF
macro aligns functions on 4 byte boundaries, so (ulong)handle_tlbl will
give a value one greater than a multiple of 4 - ie. the start of a
function on a 4 byte boundary, with the ISA mode bit 0 set).
This worked fine up to GCC 6, but GCC 7 & onwards is smart enough to
presume that handle_tlbl which we declared as an array of u32s must be
aligned sufficiently that bit 0 of its address will never be set, and as
a result optimize out msk_isa16_mode(). This leads to p having an
address with bit 0 set, and when we go on to attempt to store code at
that address we take an address error exception due to the unaligned
memory access.
This leads to an exception prior to the kernel having configured its own
exception handlers, so we jump to whatever handlers the bootloader
configured. In the case of QEMU this results in a silent hang, since it
has no useful general exception vector.
Fix this by consistently declaring our TLB-related functions as
functions. For handle_tlbl(), handle_tlbs() & handle_tlbm() we do this
in asm/tlbex.h & we make use of the existing declaration of
tlbmiss_handler_setup_pgd() in asm/mmu_context.h. Our TLB handler
generation code in arch/mips/mm/tlbex.c is adjusted to deal with these
definitions, in most cases simply by casting the function pointers to
u32 pointers.
This allows us to include asm/mmu_context.h in arch/mips/mm/tlbex.c to
get the definitions of tlbmiss_handler_setup_pgd & pgd_current, removing
some needless duplication. Consistently using msk_isa16_mode() on
function pointers means we no longer need the
tlbmiss_handler_setup_pgd_start symbol so that is removed entirely.
Now that we're declaring our functions as functions GCC stops optimizing
out msk_isa16_mode() & a microMIPS kernel built with either GCC 7.3.0 or
8.1.0 boots successfully.
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
2018-08-10 23:03:31 +00:00
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extern void handle_tlbl(void);
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extern char handle_tlbl_end[];
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extern void handle_tlbs(void);
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extern char handle_tlbs_end[];
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extern void handle_tlbm(void);
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extern char handle_tlbm_end[];
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2016-09-10 22:55:07 +00:00
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#endif /* __ASM_TLBEX_H */
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