License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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2015-08-14 14:20:41 +00:00
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menu "Certificates for signature checking"
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config MODULE_SIG_KEY
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string "File name or PKCS#11 URI of module signing key"
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default "certs/signing_key.pem"
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2021-04-23 01:16:02 +00:00
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depends on MODULE_SIG || (IMA_APPRAISE_MODSIG && MODULES)
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2015-08-14 14:20:41 +00:00
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help
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Provide the file name of a private key/certificate in PEM format,
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or a PKCS#11 URI according to RFC7512. The file should contain, or
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the URI should identify, both the certificate and its corresponding
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private key.
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If this option is unchanged from its default "certs/signing_key.pem",
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then the kernel will automatically generate the private key and
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2018-05-08 18:14:57 +00:00
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certificate as described in Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
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2015-08-14 14:20:41 +00:00
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2021-06-29 21:34:21 +00:00
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choice
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prompt "Type of module signing key to be generated"
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2021-10-01 04:01:26 +00:00
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depends on MODULE_SIG || (IMA_APPRAISE_MODSIG && MODULES)
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2021-06-29 21:34:21 +00:00
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help
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The type of module signing key type to generate. This option
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does not apply if a #PKCS11 URI is used.
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config MODULE_SIG_KEY_TYPE_RSA
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bool "RSA"
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help
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Use an RSA key for module signing.
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config MODULE_SIG_KEY_TYPE_ECDSA
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bool "ECDSA"
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select CRYPTO_ECDSA
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help
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Use an elliptic curve key (NIST P384) for module signing. Consider
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using a strong hash like sha256 or sha384 for hashing modules.
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Note: Remove all ECDSA signing keys, e.g. certs/signing_key.pem,
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when falling back to building Linux 5.14 and older kernels.
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endchoice
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2015-08-14 14:20:41 +00:00
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config SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING
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bool "Provide system-wide ring of trusted keys"
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depends on KEYS
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2016-04-06 15:14:26 +00:00
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depends on ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE
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2022-07-18 13:50:34 +00:00
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depends on X509_CERTIFICATE_PARSER
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2015-08-14 14:20:41 +00:00
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help
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Provide a system keyring to which trusted keys can be added. Keys in
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the keyring are considered to be trusted. Keys may be added at will
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by the kernel from compiled-in data and from hardware key stores, but
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userspace may only add extra keys if those keys can be verified by
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keys already in the keyring.
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Keys in this keyring are used by module signature checking.
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config SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
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string "Additional X.509 keys for default system keyring"
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depends on SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING
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help
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If set, this option should be the filename of a PEM-formatted file
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containing trusted X.509 certificates to be included in the default
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system keyring. Any certificate used for module signing is implicitly
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also trusted.
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NOTE: If you previously provided keys for the system keyring in the
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form of DER-encoded *.x509 files in the top-level build directory,
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those are no longer used. You will need to set this option instead.
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2015-11-24 21:18:05 +00:00
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config SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE
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bool "Reserve area for inserting a certificate without recompiling"
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depends on SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING
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help
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If set, space for an extra certificate will be reserved in the kernel
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image. This allows introducing a trusted certificate to the default
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system keyring without recompiling the kernel.
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config SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE_SIZE
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int "Number of bytes to reserve for the extra certificate"
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depends on SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE
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default 4096
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help
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This is the number of bytes reserved in the kernel image for a
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certificate to be inserted.
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2016-04-06 15:14:27 +00:00
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config SECONDARY_TRUSTED_KEYRING
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bool "Provide a keyring to which extra trustable keys may be added"
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depends on SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING
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help
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If set, provide a keyring to which extra keys may be added, provided
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those keys are not blacklisted and are vouched for by a key built
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into the kernel or already in the secondary trusted keyring.
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2017-04-03 15:07:24 +00:00
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config SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
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bool "Provide system-wide ring of blacklisted keys"
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depends on KEYS
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help
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Provide a system keyring to which blacklisted keys can be added.
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Keys in the keyring are considered entirely untrusted. Keys in this
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keyring are used by the module signature checking to reject loading
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of modules signed with a blacklisted key.
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config SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST
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string "Hashes to be preloaded into the system blacklist keyring"
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depends on SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
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help
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If set, this option should be the filename of a list of hashes in the
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form "<hash>", "<hash>", ... . This will be included into a C
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2021-07-12 17:03:10 +00:00
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wrapper to incorporate the list into the kernel. Each <hash> must be a
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string starting with a prefix ("tbs" or "bin"), then a colon (":"), and
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finally an even number of hexadecimal lowercase characters (up to 128).
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Certificate hashes can be generated with
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tools/certs/print-cert-tbs-hash.sh .
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2017-04-03 15:07:24 +00:00
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2021-01-22 18:10:51 +00:00
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config SYSTEM_REVOCATION_LIST
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bool "Provide system-wide ring of revocation certificates"
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depends on SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
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depends on PKCS7_MESSAGE_PARSER=y
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help
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If set, this allows revocation certificates to be stored in the
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blacklist keyring and implements a hook whereby a PKCS#7 message can
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be checked to see if it matches such a certificate.
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2021-01-22 18:10:53 +00:00
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config SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
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string "X.509 certificates to be preloaded into the system blacklist keyring"
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depends on SYSTEM_REVOCATION_LIST
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help
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If set, this option should be the filename of a PEM-formatted file
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containing X.509 certificates to be included in the default blacklist
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keyring.
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2021-07-12 17:03:13 +00:00
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config SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_AUTH_UPDATE
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bool "Allow root to add signed blacklist keys"
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depends on SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
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depends on SYSTEM_DATA_VERIFICATION
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help
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If set, provide the ability to load new blacklist keys at run time if
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they are signed and vouched by a certificate from the builtin trusted
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keyring. The PKCS#7 signature of the description is set in the key
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payload. Blacklist keys cannot be removed.
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2015-08-14 14:20:41 +00:00
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endmenu
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