This is a fairly typical cycle for documentation. There's some welcome

readability improvements for the formatted output, some LICENSES updates
 including the addition of the ISC license, the removal of the unloved and
 unmaintained 00-INDEX files, the deprecated APIs document from Kees, more
 MM docs from Mike Rapoport, and the usual pile of typo fixes and
 corrections.
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Merge tag 'docs-4.20' of git://git.lwn.net/linux

Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
 "This is a fairly typical cycle for documentation. There's some welcome
  readability improvements for the formatted output, some LICENSES
  updates including the addition of the ISC license, the removal of the
  unloved and unmaintained 00-INDEX files, the deprecated APIs document
  from Kees, more MM docs from Mike Rapoport, and the usual pile of typo
  fixes and corrections"

* tag 'docs-4.20' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (41 commits)
  docs: Fix typos in histogram.rst
  docs: Introduce deprecated APIs list
  kernel-doc: fix declaration type determination
  doc: fix a typo in adding-syscalls.rst
  docs/admin-guide: memory-hotplug: remove table of contents
  doc: printk-formats: Remove bogus kobject references for device nodes
  Documentation: preempt-locking: Use better example
  dm flakey: Document "error_writes" feature
  docs/completion.txt: Fix a couple of punctuation nits
  LICENSES: Add ISC license text
  LICENSES: Add note to CDDL-1.0 license that it should not be used
  docs/core-api: memory-hotplug: add some details about locking internals
  docs/core-api: rename memory-hotplug-notifier to memory-hotplug
  docs: improve readability for people with poorer eyesight
  yama: clarify ptrace_scope=2 in Yama documentation
  docs/vm: split memory hotplug notifier description to Documentation/core-api
  docs: move memory hotplug description into admin-guide/mm
  doc: Fix acronym "FEKEK" in ecryptfs
  docs: fix some broken documentation references
  iommu: Fix passthrough option documentation
  ...
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2018-10-24 18:01:11 +01:00
commit 01aa9d518e
96 changed files with 679 additions and 2100 deletions

View File

@ -1,428 +0,0 @@
This is a brief list of all the files in ./linux/Documentation and what
they contain. If you add a documentation file, please list it here in
alphabetical order as well, or risk being hunted down like a rabid dog.
Please keep the descriptions small enough to fit on one line.
Thanks -- Paul G.
Following translations are available on the WWW:
- Japanese, maintained by the JF Project (jf@listserv.linux.or.jp), at
http://linuxjf.sourceforge.jp/
00-INDEX
- this file.
ABI/
- info on kernel <-> userspace ABI and relative interface stability.
CodingStyle
- nothing here, just a pointer to process/coding-style.rst.
DMA-API.txt
- DMA API, pci_ API & extensions for non-consistent memory machines.
DMA-API-HOWTO.txt
- Dynamic DMA mapping Guide
DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
- How to do DMA with ISA (and LPC) devices.
DMA-attributes.txt
- listing of the various possible attributes a DMA region can have
EDID/
- directory with info on customizing EDID for broken gfx/displays.
IPMI.txt
- info on Linux Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) Driver.
IRQ-affinity.txt
- how to select which CPU(s) handle which interrupt events on SMP.
IRQ-domain.txt
- info on interrupt numbering and setting up IRQ domains.
IRQ.txt
- description of what an IRQ is.
Intel-IOMMU.txt
- basic info on the Intel IOMMU virtualization support.
Makefile
- It's not of interest for those who aren't touching the build system.
PCI/
- info related to PCI drivers.
RCU/
- directory with info on RCU (read-copy update).
SAK.txt
- info on Secure Attention Keys.
SM501.txt
- Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip
SubmittingPatches
- nothing here, just a pointer to process/coding-style.rst.
accounting/
- documentation on accounting and taskstats.
acpi/
- info on ACPI-specific hooks in the kernel.
admin-guide/
- info related to Linux users and system admins.
aoe/
- description of AoE (ATA over Ethernet) along with config examples.
arm/
- directory with info about Linux on the ARM architecture.
arm64/
- directory with info about Linux on the 64 bit ARM architecture.
auxdisplay/
- misc. LCD driver documentation (cfag12864b, ks0108).
backlight/
- directory with info on controlling backlights in flat panel displays
block/
- info on the Block I/O (BIO) layer.
blockdev/
- info on block devices & drivers
bt8xxgpio.txt
- info on how to modify a bt8xx video card for GPIO usage.
btmrvl.txt
- info on Marvell Bluetooth driver usage.
bus-devices/
- directory with info on TI GPMC (General Purpose Memory Controller)
bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt
- how to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers.
cdrom/
- directory with information on the CD-ROM drivers that Linux has.
cgroup-v1/
- cgroups v1 features, including cpusets and memory controller.
cma/
- Continuous Memory Area (CMA) debugfs interface.
conf.py
- It's not of interest for those who aren't touching the build system.
connector/
- docs on the netlink based userspace<->kernel space communication mod.
console/
- documentation on Linux console drivers.
core-api/
- documentation on kernel core components.
cpu-freq/
- info on CPU frequency and voltage scaling.
cpu-hotplug.txt
- document describing CPU hotplug support in the Linux kernel.
cpu-load.txt
- document describing how CPU load statistics are collected.
cpuidle/
- info on CPU_IDLE, CPU idle state management subsystem.
cputopology.txt
- documentation on how CPU topology info is exported via sysfs.
crc32.txt
- brief tutorial on CRC computation
crypto/
- directory with info on the Crypto API.
dcdbas.txt
- information on the Dell Systems Management Base Driver.
debugging-modules.txt
- some notes on debugging modules after Linux 2.6.3.
debugging-via-ohci1394.txt
- how to use firewire like a hardware debugger memory reader.
dell_rbu.txt
- document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver.
dev-tools/
- directory with info on development tools for the kernel.
device-mapper/
- directory with info on Device Mapper.
dmaengine/
- the DMA engine and controller API guides.
devicetree/
- directory with info on device tree files used by OF/PowerPC/ARM
digsig.txt
-info on the Digital Signature Verification API
dma-buf-sharing.txt
- the DMA Buffer Sharing API Guide
docutils.conf
- nothing here. Just a configuration file for docutils.
dontdiff
- file containing a list of files that should never be diff'ed.
driver-api/
- the Linux driver implementer's API guide.
driver-model/
- directory with info about Linux driver model.
early-userspace/
- info about initramfs, klibc, and userspace early during boot.
efi-stub.txt
- How to use the EFI boot stub to bypass GRUB or elilo on EFI systems.
eisa.txt
- info on EISA bus support.
extcon/
- directory with porting guide for Android kernel switch driver.
isa.txt
- info on EISA bus support.
fault-injection/
- dir with docs about the fault injection capabilities infrastructure.
fb/
- directory with info on the frame buffer graphics abstraction layer.
features/
- status of feature implementation on different architectures.
filesystems/
- info on the vfs and the various filesystems that Linux supports.
firmware_class/
- request_firmware() hotplug interface info.
flexible-arrays.txt
- how to make use of flexible sized arrays in linux
fmc/
- information about the FMC bus abstraction
fpga/
- FPGA Manager Core.
futex-requeue-pi.txt
- info on requeueing of tasks from a non-PI futex to a PI futex
gcc-plugins.txt
- GCC plugin infrastructure.
gpio/
- gpio related documentation
gpu/
- directory with information on GPU driver developer's guide.
hid/
- directory with information on human interface devices
highuid.txt
- notes on the change from 16 bit to 32 bit user/group IDs.
hwspinlock.txt
- hardware spinlock provides hardware assistance for synchronization
timers/
- info on the timer related topics
hw_random.txt
- info on Linux support for random number generator in i8xx chipsets.
hwmon/
- directory with docs on various hardware monitoring drivers.
i2c/
- directory with info about the I2C bus/protocol (2 wire, kHz speed).
x86/i386/
- directory with info about Linux on Intel 32 bit architecture.
ia64/
- directory with info about Linux on Intel 64 bit architecture.
ide/
- Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive.
iio/
- info on industrial IIO configfs support.
index.rst
- main index for the documentation at ReST format.
infiniband/
- directory with documents concerning Linux InfiniBand support.
input/
- info on Linux input device support.
intel_txt.txt
- info on intel Trusted Execution Technology (intel TXT).
io-mapping.txt
- description of io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h
io_ordering.txt
- info on ordering I/O writes to memory-mapped addresses.
ioctl/
- directory with documents describing various IOCTL calls.
iostats.txt
- info on I/O statistics Linux kernel provides.
irqflags-tracing.txt
- how to use the irq-flags tracing feature.
isapnp.txt
- info on Linux ISA Plug & Play support.
isdn/
- directory with info on the Linux ISDN support, and supported cards.
kbuild/
- directory with info about the kernel build process.
kdump/
- directory with mini HowTo on getting the crash dump code to work.
doc-guide/
- how to write and format reStructuredText kernel documentation
kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.txt
- List of all per-CPU kthreads and how they introduce jitter.
kobject.txt
- info of the kobject infrastructure of the Linux kernel.
kprobes.txt
- documents the kernel probes debugging feature.
kref.txt
- docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects.
laptops/
- directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation.
ldm.txt
- a brief description of LDM (Windows Dynamic Disks).
leds/
- directory with info about LED handling under Linux.
livepatch/
- info on kernel live patching.
locking/
- directory with info about kernel locking primitives
lockup-watchdogs.txt
- info on soft and hard lockup detectors (aka nmi_watchdog).
logo.gif
- full colour GIF image of Linux logo (penguin - Tux).
logo.txt
- info on creator of above logo & site to get additional images from.
lsm.txt
- Linux Security Modules: General Security Hooks for Linux
lzo.txt
- kernel LZO decompressor input formats
m68k/
- directory with info about Linux on Motorola 68k architecture.
mailbox.txt
- How to write drivers for the common mailbox framework (IPC).
md/
- directory with info about Linux Software RAID
media/
- info on media drivers: uAPI, kAPI and driver documentation.
memory-barriers.txt
- info on Linux kernel memory barriers.
memory-devices/
- directory with info on parts like the Texas Instruments EMIF driver
memory-hotplug.txt
- Hotpluggable memory support, how to use and current status.
men-chameleon-bus.txt
- info on MEN chameleon bus.
mic/
- Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture device driver.
mips/
- directory with info about Linux on MIPS architecture.
misc-devices/
- directory with info about devices using the misc dev subsystem
mmc/
- directory with info about the MMC subsystem
mtd/
- directory with info about memory technology devices (flash)
namespaces/
- directory with various information about namespaces
netlabel/
- directory with information on the NetLabel subsystem.
networking/
- directory with info on various aspects of networking with Linux.
nfc/
- directory relating info about Near Field Communications support.
nios2/
- Linux on the Nios II architecture.
nommu-mmap.txt
- documentation about no-mmu memory mapping support.
numastat.txt
- info on how to read Numa policy hit/miss statistics in sysfs.
ntb.txt
- info on Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) drivers.
nvdimm/
- info on non-volatile devices.
nvmem/
- info on non volatile memory framework.
output/
- default directory where html/LaTeX/pdf files will be written.
padata.txt
- An introduction to the "padata" parallel execution API
parisc/
- directory with info on using Linux on PA-RISC architecture.
parport-lowlevel.txt
- description and usage of the low level parallel port functions.
pcmcia/
- info on the Linux PCMCIA driver.
percpu-rw-semaphore.txt
- RCU based read-write semaphore optimized for locking for reading
perf/
- info about the APM X-Gene SoC Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU).
phy/
- ino on Samsung USB 2.0 PHY adaptation layer.
phy.txt
- Description of the generic PHY framework.
pi-futex.txt
- documentation on lightweight priority inheritance futexes.
pinctrl.txt
- info on pinctrl subsystem and the PINMUX/PINCONF and drivers
platform/
- List of supported hardware by compal and Dell laptop.
pnp.txt
- Linux Plug and Play documentation.
power/
- directory with info on Linux PCI power management.
powerpc/
- directory with info on using Linux with the PowerPC.
prctl/
- directory with info on the priveledge control subsystem
preempt-locking.txt
- info on locking under a preemptive kernel.
process/
- how to work with the mainline kernel development process.
pps/
- directory with information on the pulse-per-second support
pti/
- directory with info on Intel MID PTI.
ptp/
- directory with info on support for IEEE 1588 PTP clocks in Linux.
pwm.txt
- info on the pulse width modulation driver subsystem
rapidio/
- directory with info on RapidIO packet-based fabric interconnect
rbtree.txt
- info on what red-black trees are and what they are for.
remoteproc.txt
- info on how to handle remote processor (e.g. AMP) offloads/usage.
rfkill.txt
- info on the radio frequency kill switch subsystem/support.
robust-futex-ABI.txt
- documentation of the robust futex ABI.
robust-futexes.txt
- a description of what robust futexes are.
rpmsg.txt
- info on the Remote Processor Messaging (rpmsg) Framework
rtc.txt
- notes on how to use the Real Time Clock (aka CMOS clock) driver.
s390/
- directory with info on using Linux on the IBM S390.
scheduler/
- directory with info on the scheduler.
scsi/
- directory with info on Linux scsi support.
security/
- directory that contains security-related info
serial/
- directory with info on the low level serial API.
sgi-ioc4.txt
- description of the SGI IOC4 PCI (multi function) device.
sh/
- directory with info on porting Linux to a new architecture.
smsc_ece1099.txt
-info on the smsc Keyboard Scan Expansion/GPIO Expansion device.
sound/
- directory with info on sound card support.
spi/
- overview of Linux kernel Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) support.
sphinx/
- no documentation here, just files required by Sphinx toolchain.
sphinx-static/
- no documentation here, just files required by Sphinx toolchain.
static-keys.txt
- info on how static keys allow debug code in hotpaths via patching
svga.txt
- short guide on selecting video modes at boot via VGA BIOS.
sync_file.txt
- Sync file API guide.
sysctl/
- directory with info on the /proc/sys/* files.
target/
- directory with info on generating TCM v4 fabric .ko modules
tee.txt
- info on the TEE subsystem and drivers
this_cpu_ops.txt
- List rationale behind and the way to use this_cpu operations.
thermal/
- directory with information on managing thermal issues (CPU/temp)
trace/
- directory with info on tracing technologies within linux
translations/
- translations of this document from English to another language
unaligned-memory-access.txt
- info on how to avoid arch breaking unaligned memory access in code.
unshare.txt
- description of the Linux unshare system call.
usb/
- directory with info regarding the Universal Serial Bus.
vfio.txt
- info on Virtual Function I/O used in guest/hypervisor instances.
video-output.txt
- sysfs class driver interface to enable/disable a video output device.
virtual/
- directory with information on the various linux virtualizations.
vm/
- directory with info on the Linux vm code.
w1/
- directory with documents regarding the 1-wire (w1) subsystem.
watchdog/
- how to auto-reboot Linux if it has "fallen and can't get up". ;-)
wimax/
- directory with info about Intel Wireless Wimax Connections
core-api/workqueue.rst
- information on the Concurrency Managed Workqueue implementation
x86/x86_64/
- directory with info on Linux support for AMD x86-64 (Hammer) machines.
xillybus.txt
- Overview and basic ui of xillybus driver
xtensa/
- directory with documents relating to arch/xtensa port/implementation
xz.txt
- how to make use of the XZ data compression within linux kernel
zorro.txt
- info on writing drivers for Zorro bus devices found on Amigas.

View File

@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
acpi-info.txt
- info on how PCI host bridges are represented in ACPI
MSI-HOWTO.txt
- the Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) Driver Guide HOWTO and FAQ.
PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt
- a guide describing the PCI Express Port Bus driver
pci-error-recovery.txt
- info on PCI error recovery
pci-iov-howto.txt
- the PCI Express I/O Virtualization HOWTO
pci.txt
- info on the PCI subsystem for device driver authors
pcieaer-howto.txt
- the PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO
endpoint/pci-endpoint.txt
- guide to add endpoint controller driver and endpoint function driver.
endpoint/pci-endpoint-cfs.txt
- guide to use configfs to configure the PCI endpoint function.
endpoint/pci-test-function.txt
- specification of *PCI test* function device.
endpoint/pci-test-howto.txt
- userguide for PCI endpoint test function.
endpoint/function/binding/
- binding documentation for PCI endpoint function

View File

@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
arrayRCU.txt
- Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Arrays
checklist.txt
- Review Checklist for RCU Patches
listRCU.txt
- Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Linked Lists
lockdep.txt
- RCU and lockdep checking
lockdep-splat.txt
- RCU Lockdep splats explained.
NMI-RCU.txt
- Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers
rcu_dereference.txt
- Proper care and feeding of return values from rcu_dereference()
rcubarrier.txt
- RCU and Unloadable Modules
rculist_nulls.txt
- RCU list primitives for use with SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU
rcuref.txt
- Reference-count design for elements of lists/arrays protected by RCU
rcu.txt
- RCU Concepts
RTFP.txt
- List of RCU papers (bibliography) going back to 1980.
stallwarn.txt
- RCU CPU stall warnings (module parameter rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
torture.txt
- RCU Torture Test Operation (CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
UP.txt
- RCU on Uniprocessor Systems
whatisRCU.txt
- What is RCU?

View File

@ -87,7 +87,3 @@ o Where can I find more information on RCU?
See the RTFP.txt file in this directory.
Or point your browser at http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/.
o What are all these files in this directory?
See 00-INDEX for the list.

View File

@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ The sysctl settings (writable only with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE``) are:
Using ``PTRACE_TRACEME`` is unchanged.
2 - admin-only attach:
only processes with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE`` may use ptrace
with ``PTRACE_ATTACH``, or through children calling ``PTRACE_TRACEME``.
only processes with ``CAP_SYS_PTRACE`` may use ptrace, either with
``PTRACE_ATTACH`` or through children calling ``PTRACE_TRACEME``.
3 - no attach:
no processes may use ptrace with ``PTRACE_ATTACH`` nor via

View File

@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ Documentation
- There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory:
these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some
drivers for example. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what
is contained in each file. Please read the
drivers for example. Please read the
:ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst <changes>` file, as it
contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading
your kernel.

View File

@ -1764,7 +1764,7 @@
Format: { "0" | "1" }
0 - Use IOMMU translation for DMA.
1 - Bypass the IOMMU for DMA.
unset - Use IOMMU translation for DMA.
unset - Use value of CONFIG_IOMMU_DEFAULT_PASSTHROUGH.
io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in

View File

@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ When nested virtualization is in use, three operating systems are involved:
the bare metal hypervisor, the nested hypervisor and the nested virtual
machine. VMENTER operations from the nested hypervisor into the nested
guest will always be processed by the bare metal hypervisor. If KVM is the
bare metal hypervisor it wiil:
bare metal hypervisor it will:
- Flush the L1D cache on every switch from the nested hypervisor to the
nested virtual machine, so that the nested hypervisor's secrets are not

View File

@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ the Linux memory management.
hugetlbpage
idle_page_tracking
ksm
memory-hotplug
numa_memory_policy
pagemap
soft-dirty

View File

@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
.. _admin_guide_memory_hotplug:
==============
Memory Hotplug
==============
@ -9,39 +11,19 @@ This document is about memory hotplug including how-to-use and current status.
Because Memory Hotplug is still under development, contents of this text will
be changed often.
.. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 purpose of memory hotplug
1.2. Phases of memory hotplug
1.3. Unit of Memory online/offline operation
2. Kernel Configuration
3. sysfs files for memory hotplug
4. Physical memory hot-add phase
4.1 Hardware(Firmware) Support
4.2 Notify memory hot-add event by hand
5. Logical Memory hot-add phase
5.1. State of memory
5.2. How to online memory
6. Logical memory remove
6.1 Memory offline and ZONE_MOVABLE
6.2. How to offline memory
7. Physical memory remove
8. Memory hotplug event notifier
9. Future Work List
.. contents:: :local:
.. note::
(1) x86_64's has special implementation for memory hotplug.
This text does not describe it.
(2) This text assumes that sysfs is mounted at /sys.
(2) This text assumes that sysfs is mounted at ``/sys``.
Introduction
============
purpose of memory hotplug
Purpose of memory hotplug
-------------------------
Memory Hotplug allows users to increase/decrease the amount of memory.
@ -57,7 +39,6 @@ hardware which supports memory power management.
Linux memory hotplug is designed for both purpose.
Phases of memory hotplug
------------------------
@ -92,7 +73,6 @@ phase by hand.
(However, if you writes udev's hotplug scripts for memory hotplug, these
phases can be execute in seamless way.)
Unit of Memory online/offline operation
---------------------------------------
@ -107,10 +87,9 @@ unit upon which memory online/offline operations are to be performed. The
default size of a memory block is the same as memory section size unless an
architecture specifies otherwise. (see :ref:`memory_hotplug_sysfs_files`.)
To determine the size (in bytes) of a memory block please read this file:
/sys/devices/system/memory/block_size_bytes
To determine the size (in bytes) of a memory block please read this file::
/sys/devices/system/memory/block_size_bytes
Kernel Configuration
====================
@ -119,22 +98,22 @@ To use memory hotplug feature, kernel must be compiled with following
config options.
- For all memory hotplug:
- Memory model -> Sparse Memory (CONFIG_SPARSEMEM)
- Allow for memory hot-add (CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
- Memory model -> Sparse Memory (``CONFIG_SPARSEMEM``)
- Allow for memory hot-add (``CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG``)
- To enable memory removal, the following are also necessary:
- Allow for memory hot remove (CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE)
- Page Migration (CONFIG_MIGRATION)
- Allow for memory hot remove (``CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE``)
- Page Migration (``CONFIG_MIGRATION``)
- For ACPI memory hotplug, the following are also necessary:
- Memory hotplug (under ACPI Support menu) (CONFIG_ACPI_HOTPLUG_MEMORY)
- Memory hotplug (under ACPI Support menu) (``CONFIG_ACPI_HOTPLUG_MEMORY``)
- This option can be kernel module.
- As a related configuration, if your box has a feature of NUMA-node hotplug
via ACPI, then this option is necessary too.
- ACPI0004,PNP0A05 and PNP0A06 Container Driver (under ACPI Support menu)
(CONFIG_ACPI_CONTAINER).
(``CONFIG_ACPI_CONTAINER``).
This option can be kernel module too.
@ -145,10 +124,11 @@ sysfs files for memory hotplug
==============================
All memory blocks have their device information in sysfs. Each memory block
is described under /sys/devices/system/memory as:
is described under ``/sys/devices/system/memory`` as::
/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX
(XXX is the memory block id.)
where XXX is the memory block id.
For the memory block covered by the sysfs directory. It is expected that all
memory sections in this range are present and no memory holes exist in the
@ -157,7 +137,7 @@ the existence of one should not affect the hotplug capabilities of the memory
block.
For example, assume 1GiB memory block size. A device for a memory starting at
0x100000000 is /sys/device/system/memory/memory4::
0x100000000 is ``/sys/device/system/memory/memory4``::
(0x100000000 / 1Gib = 4)
@ -165,11 +145,11 @@ This device covers address range [0x100000000 ... 0x140000000)
Under each memory block, you can see 5 files:
- /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/phys_index
- /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/phys_device
- /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state
- /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/removable
- /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/valid_zones
- ``/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/phys_index``
- ``/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/phys_device``
- ``/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state``
- ``/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/removable``
- ``/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/valid_zones``
=================== ============================================================
``phys_index`` read-only and contains memory block id, same as XXX.
@ -207,13 +187,15 @@ Under each memory block, you can see 5 files:
These directories/files appear after physical memory hotplug phase.
If CONFIG_NUMA is enabled the memoryXXX/ directories can also be accessed
via symbolic links located in the /sys/devices/system/node/node* directories.
via symbolic links located in the ``/sys/devices/system/node/node*`` directories.
For example:
/sys/devices/system/node/node0/memory9 -> ../../memory/memory9
For example::
A backlink will also be created:
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory9/node0 -> ../../node/node0
/sys/devices/system/node/node0/memory9 -> ../../memory/memory9
A backlink will also be created::
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory9/node0 -> ../../node/node0
.. _memory_hotplug_physical_mem:
@ -240,7 +222,6 @@ If firmware supports NUMA-node hotplug, and defines an object _HID "ACPI0004",
calls hotplug code for all of objects which are defined in it.
If memory device is found, memory hotplug code will be called.
Notify memory hot-add event by hand
-----------------------------------
@ -251,8 +232,9 @@ CONFIG_ARCH_MEMORY_PROBE and can be configured on powerpc, sh, and x86
if hotplug is supported, although for x86 this should be handled by ACPI
notification.
Probe interface is located at
/sys/devices/system/memory/probe
Probe interface is located at::
/sys/devices/system/memory/probe
You can tell the physical address of new memory to the kernel by::
@ -263,7 +245,6 @@ memory_block_size] memory range is hot-added. In this case, hotplug script is
not called (in current implementation). You'll have to online memory by
yourself. Please see :ref:`memory_hotplug_how_to_online_memory`.
Logical Memory hot-add phase
============================
@ -301,7 +282,7 @@ This sets a global policy and impacts all memory blocks that will subsequently
be hotplugged. Currently offline blocks keep their state. It is possible, under
certain circumstances, that some memory blocks will be added but will fail to
online. User space tools can check their "state" files
(/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state) and try to online them manually.
(``/sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state``) and try to online them manually.
If the automatic onlining wasn't requested, failed, or some memory block was
offlined it is possible to change the individual block's state by writing to the
@ -334,8 +315,6 @@ available memory will be increased.
This may be changed in future.
Logical memory remove
=====================
@ -413,88 +392,6 @@ Need more implementation yet....
- Notification completion of remove works by OS to firmware.
- Guard from remove if not yet.
Memory hotplug event notifier
=============================
Hotplugging events are sent to a notification queue.
There are six types of notification defined in include/linux/memory.h:
MEM_GOING_ONLINE
Generated before new memory becomes available in order to be able to
prepare subsystems to handle memory. The page allocator is still unable
to allocate from the new memory.
MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE
Generated if MEMORY_GOING_ONLINE fails.
MEM_ONLINE
Generated when memory has successfully brought online. The callback may
allocate pages from the new memory.
MEM_GOING_OFFLINE
Generated to begin the process of offlining memory. Allocations are no
longer possible from the memory but some of the memory to be offlined
is still in use. The callback can be used to free memory known to a
subsystem from the indicated memory block.
MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE
Generated if MEMORY_GOING_OFFLINE fails. Memory is available again from
the memory block that we attempted to offline.
MEM_OFFLINE
Generated after offlining memory is complete.
A callback routine can be registered by calling::
hotplug_memory_notifier(callback_func, priority)
Callback functions with higher values of priority are called before callback
functions with lower values.
A callback function must have the following prototype::
int callback_func(
struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long action, void *arg);
The first argument of the callback function (self) is a pointer to the block
of the notifier chain that points to the callback function itself.
The second argument (action) is one of the event types described above.
The third argument (arg) passes a pointer of struct memory_notify::
struct memory_notify {
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long nr_pages;
int status_change_nid_normal;
int status_change_nid_high;
int status_change_nid;
}
- start_pfn is start_pfn of online/offline memory.
- nr_pages is # of pages of online/offline memory.
- status_change_nid_normal is set node id when N_NORMAL_MEMORY of nodemask
is (will be) set/clear, if this is -1, then nodemask status is not changed.
- status_change_nid_high is set node id when N_HIGH_MEMORY of nodemask
is (will be) set/clear, if this is -1, then nodemask status is not changed.
- status_change_nid is set node id when N_MEMORY of nodemask is (will be)
set/clear. It means a new(memoryless) node gets new memory by online and a
node loses all memory. If this is -1, then nodemask status is not changed.
If status_changed_nid* >= 0, callback should create/discard structures for the
node if necessary.
The callback routine shall return one of the values
NOTIFY_DONE, NOTIFY_OK, NOTIFY_BAD, NOTIFY_STOP
defined in include/linux/notifier.h
NOTIFY_DONE and NOTIFY_OK have no effect on the further processing.
NOTIFY_BAD is used as response to the MEM_GOING_ONLINE, MEM_GOING_OFFLINE,
MEM_ONLINE, or MEM_OFFLINE action to cancel hotplugging. It stops
further processing of the notification queue.
NOTIFY_STOP stops further processing of the notification queue.
Future Work
===========

View File

@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
Booting
- requirements for booting
CCN.txt
- Cache Coherent Network ring-bus and perf PMU driver.
Interrupts
- ARM Interrupt subsystem documentation
IXP4xx
- Intel IXP4xx Network processor.
Netwinder
- Netwinder specific documentation
Porting
- Symbol definitions for porting Linux to a new ARM machine.
Setup
- Kernel initialization parameters on ARM Linux
README
- General ARM documentation
SA1100/
- SA1100 documentation
Samsung-S3C24XX/
- S3C24XX ARM Linux Overview
SPEAr/
- ST SPEAr platform Linux Overview
VFP/
- Release notes for Linux Kernel Vector Floating Point support code
cluster-pm-race-avoidance.txt
- Algorithm for CPU and Cluster setup/teardown
empeg/
- Ltd's Empeg MP3 Car Audio Player
firmware.txt
- Secure firmware registration and calling.
kernel_mode_neon.txt
- How to use NEON instructions in kernel mode
kernel_user_helpers.txt
- Helper functions in kernel space made available for userspace.
mem_alignment
- alignment abort handler documentation
memory.txt
- description of the virtual memory layout
nwfpe/
- NWFPE floating point emulator documentation
swp_emulation
- SWP/SWPB emulation handler/logging description
tcm.txt
- ARM Tightly Coupled Memory
uefi.txt
- [U]EFI configuration and runtime services documentation
vlocks.txt
- Voting locks, low-level mechanism relying on memory system atomic writes.

View File

@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
bfq-iosched.txt
- BFQ IO scheduler and its tunables
biodoc.txt
- Notes on the Generic Block Layer Rewrite in Linux 2.5
biovecs.txt
- Immutable biovecs and biovec iterators
capability.txt
- Generic Block Device Capability (/sys/block/<device>/capability)
cfq-iosched.txt
- CFQ IO scheduler tunables
cmdline-partition.txt
- how to specify block device partitions on kernel command line
data-integrity.txt
- Block data integrity
deadline-iosched.txt
- Deadline IO scheduler tunables
ioprio.txt
- Block io priorities (in CFQ scheduler)
pr.txt
- Block layer support for Persistent Reservations
null_blk.txt
- Null block for block-layer benchmarking.
queue-sysfs.txt
- Queue's sysfs entries
request.txt
- The members of struct request (in include/linux/blkdev.h)
stat.txt
- Block layer statistics in /sys/block/<device>/stat
switching-sched.txt
- Switching I/O schedulers at runtime
writeback_cache_control.txt
- Control of volatile write back caches

View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
README.DAC960
- info on Mylex DAC960/DAC1100 PCI RAID Controller Driver for Linux.
cciss.txt
- info, major/minor #'s for Compaq's SMART Array Controllers.
cpqarray.txt
- info on using Compaq's SMART2 Intelligent Disk Array Controllers.
floppy.txt
- notes and driver options for the floppy disk driver.
mflash.txt
- info on mGine m(g)flash driver for linux.
nbd.txt
- info on a TCP implementation of a network block device.
paride.txt
- information about the parallel port IDE subsystem.
ramdisk.txt
- short guide on how to set up and use the RAM disk.

View File

@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file (info on CD-ROMs and Linux)
Makefile
- only used to generate TeX output from the documentation.
cdrom-standard.tex
- LaTeX document on standardizing the CD-ROM programming interface.
ide-cd
- info on setting up and using ATAPI (aka IDE) CD-ROMs.
packet-writing.txt
- Info on the CDRW packet writing module

View File

@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
blkio-controller.txt
- Description for Block IO Controller, implementation and usage details.
cgroups.txt
- Control Groups definition, implementation details, examples and API.
cpuacct.txt
- CPU Accounting Controller; account CPU usage for groups of tasks.
cpusets.txt
- documents the cpusets feature; assign CPUs and Mem to a set of tasks.
admin-guide/devices.rst
- Device Whitelist Controller; description, interface and security.
freezer-subsystem.txt
- checkpointing; rationale to not use signals, interface.
hugetlb.txt
- HugeTLB Controller implementation and usage details.
memcg_test.txt
- Memory Resource Controller; implementation details.
memory.txt
- Memory Resource Controller; design, accounting, interface, testing.
net_cls.txt
- Network classifier cgroups details and usages.
net_prio.txt
- Network priority cgroups details and usages.
pids.txt
- Process number cgroups details and usages.

View File

@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ latex_elements = {
'papersize': 'a4paper',
# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
'pointsize': '8pt',
'pointsize': '11pt',
# Latex figure (float) alignment
#'figure_align': 'htbp',
@ -272,8 +272,8 @@ latex_elements = {
'preamble': '''
% Use some font with UTF-8 support with XeLaTeX
\\usepackage{fontspec}
\\setsansfont{DejaVu Serif}
\\setromanfont{DejaVu Sans}
\\setsansfont{DejaVu Sans}
\\setromanfont{DejaVu Serif}
\\setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
'''

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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ These interfaces available only with bootmem, i.e when ``CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM=n``
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bootmem.h
.. kernel-doc:: mm/bootmem.c
:nodocs:
:functions:
Memblock specific API
---------------------
@ -89,4 +89,4 @@ really happens under the hood.
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/memblock.h
.. kernel-doc:: mm/memblock.c
:nodocs:
:functions:

View File

@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
.. _gfp_mask_from_fs_io:
=================================
GFP masks used from FS/IO context
=================================

View File

@ -27,10 +27,13 @@ Core utilities
errseq
printk-formats
circular-buffers
memory-allocation
mm-api
gfp_mask-from-fs-io
timekeeping
boot-time-mm
memory-hotplug
Interfaces for kernel debugging
===============================

View File

@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
=======================
Memory Allocation Guide
=======================
Linux provides a variety of APIs for memory allocation. You can
allocate small chunks using `kmalloc` or `kmem_cache_alloc` families,
large virtually contiguous areas using `vmalloc` and its derivatives,
or you can directly request pages from the page allocator with
`alloc_pages`. It is also possible to use more specialized allocators,
for instance `cma_alloc` or `zs_malloc`.
Most of the memory allocation APIs use GFP flags to express how that
memory should be allocated. The GFP acronym stands for "get free
pages", the underlying memory allocation function.
Diversity of the allocation APIs combined with the numerous GFP flags
makes the question "How should I allocate memory?" not that easy to
answer, although very likely you should use
::
kzalloc(<size>, GFP_KERNEL);
Of course there are cases when other allocation APIs and different GFP
flags must be used.
Get Free Page flags
===================
The GFP flags control the allocators behavior. They tell what memory
zones can be used, how hard the allocator should try to find free
memory, whether the memory can be accessed by the userspace etc. The
:ref:`Documentation/core-api/mm-api.rst <mm-api-gfp-flags>` provides
reference documentation for the GFP flags and their combinations and
here we briefly outline their recommended usage:
* Most of the time ``GFP_KERNEL`` is what you need. Memory for the
kernel data structures, DMAable memory, inode cache, all these and
many other allocations types can use ``GFP_KERNEL``. Note, that
using ``GFP_KERNEL`` implies ``GFP_RECLAIM``, which means that
direct reclaim may be triggered under memory pressure; the calling
context must be allowed to sleep.
* If the allocation is performed from an atomic context, e.g interrupt
handler, use ``GFP_NOWAIT``. This flag prevents direct reclaim and
IO or filesystem operations. Consequently, under memory pressure
``GFP_NOWAIT`` allocation is likely to fail. Allocations which
have a reasonable fallback should be using ``GFP_NOWARN``.
* If you think that accessing memory reserves is justified and the kernel
will be stressed unless allocation succeeds, you may use ``GFP_ATOMIC``.
* Untrusted allocations triggered from userspace should be a subject
of kmem accounting and must have ``__GFP_ACCOUNT`` bit set. There
is the handy ``GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT`` shortcut for ``GFP_KERNEL``
allocations that should be accounted.
* Userspace allocations should use either of the ``GFP_USER``,
``GFP_HIGHUSER`` or ``GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE`` flags. The longer
the flag name the less restrictive it is.
``GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE`` does not require that allocated memory
will be directly accessible by the kernel and implies that the
data is movable.
``GFP_HIGHUSER`` means that the allocated memory is not movable,
but it is not required to be directly accessible by the kernel. An
example may be a hardware allocation that maps data directly into
userspace but has no addressing limitations.
``GFP_USER`` means that the allocated memory is not movable and it
must be directly accessible by the kernel.
You may notice that quite a few allocations in the existing code
specify ``GFP_NOIO`` or ``GFP_NOFS``. Historically, they were used to
prevent recursion deadlocks caused by direct memory reclaim calling
back into the FS or IO paths and blocking on already held
resources. Since 4.12 the preferred way to address this issue is to
use new scope APIs described in
:ref:`Documentation/core-api/gfp_mask-from-fs-io.rst <gfp_mask_from_fs_io>`.
Other legacy GFP flags are ``GFP_DMA`` and ``GFP_DMA32``. They are
used to ensure that the allocated memory is accessible by hardware
with limited addressing capabilities. So unless you are writing a
driver for a device with such restrictions, avoid using these flags.
And even with hardware with restrictions it is preferable to use
`dma_alloc*` APIs.
Selecting memory allocator
==========================
The most straightforward way to allocate memory is to use a function
from the :c:func:`kmalloc` family. And, to be on the safe size it's
best to use routines that set memory to zero, like
:c:func:`kzalloc`. If you need to allocate memory for an array, there
are :c:func:`kmalloc_array` and :c:func:`kcalloc` helpers.
The maximal size of a chunk that can be allocated with `kmalloc` is
limited. The actual limit depends on the hardware and the kernel
configuration, but it is a good practice to use `kmalloc` for objects
smaller than page size.
For large allocations you can use :c:func:`vmalloc` and
:c:func:`vzalloc`, or directly request pages from the page
allocator. The memory allocated by `vmalloc` and related functions is
not physically contiguous.
If you are not sure whether the allocation size is too large for
`kmalloc`, it is possible to use :c:func:`kvmalloc` and its
derivatives. It will try to allocate memory with `kmalloc` and if the
allocation fails it will be retried with `vmalloc`. There are
restrictions on which GFP flags can be used with `kvmalloc`; please
see :c:func:`kvmalloc_node` reference documentation. Note that
`kvmalloc` may return memory that is not physically contiguous.
If you need to allocate many identical objects you can use the slab
cache allocator. The cache should be set up with
:c:func:`kmem_cache_create` before it can be used. Afterwards
:c:func:`kmem_cache_alloc` and its convenience wrappers can allocate
memory from that cache.
When the allocated memory is no longer needed it must be freed. You
can use :c:func:`kvfree` for the memory allocated with `kmalloc`,
`vmalloc` and `kvmalloc`. The slab caches should be freed with
:c:func:`kmem_cache_free`. And don't forget to destroy the cache with
:c:func:`kmem_cache_destroy`.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
.. _memory_hotplug:
==============
Memory hotplug
==============
Memory hotplug event notifier
=============================
Hotplugging events are sent to a notification queue.
There are six types of notification defined in ``include/linux/memory.h``:
MEM_GOING_ONLINE
Generated before new memory becomes available in order to be able to
prepare subsystems to handle memory. The page allocator is still unable
to allocate from the new memory.
MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE
Generated if MEM_GOING_ONLINE fails.
MEM_ONLINE
Generated when memory has successfully brought online. The callback may
allocate pages from the new memory.
MEM_GOING_OFFLINE
Generated to begin the process of offlining memory. Allocations are no
longer possible from the memory but some of the memory to be offlined
is still in use. The callback can be used to free memory known to a
subsystem from the indicated memory block.
MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE
Generated if MEM_GOING_OFFLINE fails. Memory is available again from
the memory block that we attempted to offline.
MEM_OFFLINE
Generated after offlining memory is complete.
A callback routine can be registered by calling::
hotplug_memory_notifier(callback_func, priority)
Callback functions with higher values of priority are called before callback
functions with lower values.
A callback function must have the following prototype::
int callback_func(
struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long action, void *arg);
The first argument of the callback function (self) is a pointer to the block
of the notifier chain that points to the callback function itself.
The second argument (action) is one of the event types described above.
The third argument (arg) passes a pointer of struct memory_notify::
struct memory_notify {
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long nr_pages;
int status_change_nid_normal;
int status_change_nid_high;
int status_change_nid;
}
- start_pfn is start_pfn of online/offline memory.
- nr_pages is # of pages of online/offline memory.
- status_change_nid_normal is set node id when N_NORMAL_MEMORY of nodemask
is (will be) set/clear, if this is -1, then nodemask status is not changed.
- status_change_nid_high is set node id when N_HIGH_MEMORY of nodemask
is (will be) set/clear, if this is -1, then nodemask status is not changed.
- status_change_nid is set node id when N_MEMORY of nodemask is (will be)
set/clear. It means a new(memoryless) node gets new memory by online and a
node loses all memory. If this is -1, then nodemask status is not changed.
If status_changed_nid* >= 0, callback should create/discard structures for the
node if necessary.
The callback routine shall return one of the values
NOTIFY_DONE, NOTIFY_OK, NOTIFY_BAD, NOTIFY_STOP
defined in ``include/linux/notifier.h``
NOTIFY_DONE and NOTIFY_OK have no effect on the further processing.
NOTIFY_BAD is used as response to the MEM_GOING_ONLINE, MEM_GOING_OFFLINE,
MEM_ONLINE, or MEM_OFFLINE action to cancel hotplugging. It stops
further processing of the notification queue.
NOTIFY_STOP stops further processing of the notification queue.
Locking Internals
=================
When adding/removing memory that uses memory block devices (i.e. ordinary RAM),
the device_hotplug_lock should be held to:
- synchronize against online/offline requests (e.g. via sysfs). This way, memory
block devices can only be accessed (.online/.state attributes) by user
space once memory has been fully added. And when removing memory, we
know nobody is in critical sections.
- synchronize against CPU hotplug and similar (e.g. relevant for ACPI and PPC)
Especially, there is a possible lock inversion that is avoided using
device_hotplug_lock when adding memory and user space tries to online that
memory faster than expected:
- device_online() will first take the device_lock(), followed by
mem_hotplug_lock
- add_memory_resource() will first take the mem_hotplug_lock, followed by
the device_lock() (while creating the devices, during bus_add_device()).
As the device is visible to user space before taking the device_lock(), this
can result in a lock inversion.
onlining/offlining of memory should be done via device_online()/
device_offline() - to make sure it is properly synchronized to actions
via sysfs. Holding device_hotplug_lock is advised (to e.g. protect online_type)
When adding/removing/onlining/offlining memory or adding/removing
heterogeneous/device memory, we should always hold the mem_hotplug_lock in
write mode to serialise memory hotplug (e.g. access to global/zone
variables).
In addition, mem_hotplug_lock (in contrast to device_hotplug_lock) in read
mode allows for a quite efficient get_online_mems/put_online_mems
implementation, so code accessing memory can protect from that memory
vanishing.

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@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ User Space Memory Access
.. kernel-doc:: mm/util.c
:functions: get_user_pages_fast
.. _mm-api-gfp-flags:
Memory Allocation Controls
==========================

View File

@ -376,15 +376,15 @@ correctness of the format string and va_list arguments.
Passed by reference.
kobjects
--------
Device tree nodes
-----------------
::
%pOF[fnpPcCF]
For printing kobject based structs (device nodes). Default behaviour is
For printing device tree node structures. Default behaviour is
equivalent to %pOFf.
- f - device node full_name

View File

@ -30,11 +30,17 @@ of many distributions, e.g. :
- NetBSD
- FreeBSD
You can get the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at
Some distribution packages are obsolete and it is recommended
to use the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at
http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/
Once you have it, run the following command::
Or from Github at:
https://github.com/coccinelle/coccinelle
Once you have it, run the following commands::
./autogen
./configure
make
@ -42,6 +48,11 @@ as a regular user, and install it with::
sudo make install
More detailed installation instructions to build from source can be
found at:
https://github.com/coccinelle/coccinelle/blob/master/install.txt
Supplemental documentation
---------------------------
@ -51,6 +62,10 @@ https://bottest.wiki.kernel.org/coccicheck
The wiki documentation always refers to the linux-next version of the script.
For Semantic Patch Language(SmPL) grammar documentation refer to:
http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/documentation.php
Using Coccinelle on the Linux kernel
------------------------------------
@ -223,7 +238,7 @@ Since coccicheck runs through make, it naturally runs from the kernel
proper dir, as such the second rule above would be implied for picking up a
.cocciconfig when using ``make coccicheck``.
``make coccicheck`` also supports using M= targets.If you do not supply
``make coccicheck`` also supports using M= targets. If you do not supply
any M= target, it is assumed you want to target the entire kernel.
The kernel coccicheck script has::

View File

@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Contributing new tests (details)
* If a test needs specific kernel config options enabled, add a config file in
the test directory to enable them.
e.g: tools/testing/selftests/android/ion/config
e.g: tools/testing/selftests/android/config
Test Harness
============

View File

@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ Optional feature parameters:
All write I/O is silently ignored.
Read I/O is handled correctly.
error_writes:
All write I/O is failed with an error signalled.
Read I/O is handled correctly.
corrupt_bio_byte <Nth_byte> <direction> <value> <flags>:
During <down interval>, replace <Nth_byte> of the data of
each matching bio with <value>.

View File

@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
Documentation for device trees, a data structure by which bootloaders pass
hardware layout to Linux in a device-independent manner, simplifying hardware
probing. This subsystem is maintained by Grant Likely
<grant.likely@secretlab.ca> and has a mailing list at
https://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/devicetree-discuss
00-INDEX
- this file
booting-without-of.txt
- Booting Linux without Open Firmware, describes history and format of device trees.
usage-model.txt
- How Linux uses DT and what DT aims to solve.

View File

@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ Kernel utility functions
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/update.c
:export:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/overflow.h
:internal:
Device Resource Management
--------------------------

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@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
===========================================
Firewire (IEEE 1394) driver Interface Guide
===========================================
Introduction and Overview
=========================
The Linux FireWire subsystem adds some interfaces into the Linux system to
use/maintain+any resource on IEEE 1394 bus.
The main purpose of these interfaces is to access address space on each node
on IEEE 1394 bus by ISO/IEC 13213 (IEEE 1212) procedure, and to control
isochronous resources on the bus by IEEE 1394 procedure.
Two types of interfaces are added, according to consumers of the interface. A
set of userspace interfaces is available via `firewire character devices`. A set
of kernel interfaces is available via exported symbols in `firewire-core` module.
Firewire char device data structures
====================================
.. include:: /ABI/stable/firewire-cdev
:literal:
.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/firewire-cdev.h
:internal:
Firewire device probing and sysfs interfaces
============================================
.. include:: /ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-firewire
:literal:
.. kernel-doc:: drivers/firewire/core-device.c
:export:
Firewire core transaction interfaces
====================================
.. kernel-doc:: drivers/firewire/core-transaction.c
:export:
Firewire Isochronous I/O interfaces
===================================
.. kernel-doc:: drivers/firewire/core-iso.c
:export:

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@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ available subsections can be seen below.
iio/index
input
usb/index
firewire
pci
spi
i2c

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@ -83,7 +83,18 @@ is passed to bzImage.efi.
The "dtb=" option
-----------------
For the ARM and arm64 architectures, we also need to be able to provide a
device tree to the kernel. This is done with the "dtb=" command line option,
and is processed in the same manner as the "initrd=" option that is
For the ARM and arm64 architectures, a device tree must be provided to
the kernel. Normally firmware shall supply the device tree via the
EFI CONFIGURATION TABLE. However, the "dtb=" command line option can
be used to override the firmware supplied device tree, or to supply
one when firmware is unable to.
Please note: Firmware adds runtime configuration information to the
device tree before booting the kernel. If dtb= is used to override
the device tree, then any runtime data provided by firmware will be
lost. The dtb= option should only be used either as a debug tool, or
as a last resort when a device tree is not provided in the EFI
CONFIGURATION TABLE.
"dtb=" is processed in the same manner as the "initrd=" option that is
described above.

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@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
Index of files in Documentation/fb. If you think something about frame
buffer devices needs an entry here, needs correction or you've written one
please mail me.
Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
00-INDEX
- this file.
api.txt
- The frame buffer API between applications and buffer devices.
arkfb.txt
- info on the fbdev driver for ARK Logic chips.
aty128fb.txt
- info on the ATI Rage128 frame buffer driver.
cirrusfb.txt
- info on the driver for Cirrus Logic chipsets.
cmap_xfbdev.txt
- an introduction to fbdev's cmap structures.
deferred_io.txt
- an introduction to deferred IO.
efifb.txt
- info on the EFI platform driver for Intel based Apple computers.
ep93xx-fb.txt
- info on the driver for EP93xx LCD controller.
fbcon.txt
- intro to and usage guide for the framebuffer console (fbcon).
framebuffer.txt
- introduction to frame buffer devices.
gxfb.txt
- info on the framebuffer driver for AMD Geode GX2 based processors.
intel810.txt
- documentation for the Intel 810/815 framebuffer driver.
intelfb.txt
- docs for Intel 830M/845G/852GM/855GM/865G/915G/945G fb driver.
internals.txt
- quick overview of frame buffer device internals.
lxfb.txt
- info on the framebuffer driver for AMD Geode LX based processors.
matroxfb.txt
- info on the Matrox framebuffer driver for Alpha, Intel and PPC.
metronomefb.txt
- info on the driver for the Metronome display controller.
modedb.txt
- info on the video mode database.
pvr2fb.txt
- info on the PowerVR 2 frame buffer driver.
pxafb.txt
- info on the driver for the PXA25x LCD controller.
s3fb.txt
- info on the fbdev driver for S3 Trio/Virge chips.
sa1100fb.txt
- information about the driver for the SA-1100 LCD controller.
sh7760fb.txt
- info on the SH7760/SH7763 integrated LCDC Framebuffer driver.
sisfb.txt
- info on the framebuffer device driver for various SiS chips.
sm501.txt
- info on the framebuffer device driver for sm501 videoframebuffer.
sstfb.txt
- info on the frame buffer driver for 3dfx' Voodoo Graphics boards.
tgafb.txt
- info on the TGA (DECChip 21030) frame buffer driver.
tridentfb.txt
info on the framebuffer driver for some Trident chip based cards.
udlfb.txt
- Driver for DisplayLink USB 2.0 chips.
uvesafb.txt
- info on the userspace VESA (VBE2+ compliant) frame buffer device.
vesafb.txt
- info on the VESA frame buffer device.
viafb.modes
- list of modes for VIA Integration Graphic Chip.
viafb.txt
- info on the VIA Integration Graphic Chip console framebuffer driver.
vt8623fb.txt
- info on the fb driver for the graphics core in VIA VT8623 chipsets.

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@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ to turn it on.
You can pass options to vesafb using "video=vesafb:option" on
the kernel command line. Multiple options should be separated
by comma, like this: "video=vesafb:ypan,invers"
by comma, like this: "video=vesafb:ypan,inverse"
Accepted options:
invers no comment...
inverse use inverse color map
ypan enable display panning using the VESA protected mode
interface. The visible screen is just a window of the

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@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file (info on some of the filesystems supported by linux).
Locking
- info on locking rules as they pertain to Linux VFS.
9p.txt
- 9p (v9fs) is an implementation of the Plan 9 remote fs protocol.
adfs.txt
- info and mount options for the Acorn Advanced Disc Filing System.
afs.txt
- info and examples for the distributed AFS (Andrew File System) fs.
affs.txt
- info and mount options for the Amiga Fast File System.
autofs-mount-control.txt
- info on device control operations for autofs module.
automount-support.txt
- information about filesystem automount support.
befs.txt
- information about the BeOS filesystem for Linux.
bfs.txt
- info for the SCO UnixWare Boot Filesystem (BFS).
btrfs.txt
- info for the BTRFS filesystem.
caching/
- directory containing filesystem cache documentation.
ceph.txt
- info for the Ceph Distributed File System.
cifs/
- directory containing CIFS filesystem documentation and example code.
coda.txt
- description of the CODA filesystem.
configfs/
- directory containing configfs documentation and example code.
cramfs.txt
- info on the cram filesystem for small storage (ROMs etc).
dax.txt
- info on avoiding the page cache for files stored on CPU-addressable
storage devices.
debugfs.txt
- info on the debugfs filesystem.
devpts.txt
- info on the devpts filesystem.
directory-locking
- info about the locking scheme used for directory operations.
dlmfs.txt
- info on the userspace interface to the OCFS2 DLM.
dnotify.txt
- info about directory notification in Linux.
dnotify_test.c
- example program for dnotify.
ecryptfs.txt
- docs on eCryptfs: stacked cryptographic filesystem for Linux.
efivarfs.txt
- info for the efivarfs filesystem.
exofs.txt
- info, usage, mount options, design about EXOFS.
ext2.txt
- info, mount options and specifications for the Ext2 filesystem.
ext3.txt
- info, mount options and specifications for the Ext3 filesystem.
ext4.txt
- info, mount options and specifications for the Ext4 filesystem.
f2fs.txt
- info and mount options for the F2FS filesystem.
fiemap.txt
- info on fiemap ioctl.
files.txt
- info on file management in the Linux kernel.
fuse.txt
- info on the Filesystem in User SpacE including mount options.
gfs2-glocks.txt
- info on the Global File System 2 - Glock internal locking rules.
gfs2-uevents.txt
- info on the Global File System 2 - uevents.
gfs2.txt
- info on the Global File System 2.
hfs.txt
- info on the Macintosh HFS Filesystem for Linux.
hfsplus.txt
- info on the Macintosh HFSPlus Filesystem for Linux.
hpfs.txt
- info and mount options for the OS/2 HPFS.
inotify.txt
- info on the powerful yet simple file change notification system.
isofs.txt
- info and mount options for the ISO 9660 (CDROM) filesystem.
jfs.txt
- info and mount options for the JFS filesystem.
locks.txt
- info on file locking implementations, flock() vs. fcntl(), etc.
mandatory-locking.txt
- info on the Linux implementation of Sys V mandatory file locking.
nfs/
- nfs-related documentation.
nilfs2.txt
- info and mount options for the NILFS2 filesystem.
ntfs.txt
- info and mount options for the NTFS filesystem (Windows NT).
ocfs2.txt
- info and mount options for the OCFS2 clustered filesystem.
omfs.txt
- info on the Optimized MPEG FileSystem.
path-lookup.txt
- info on path walking and name lookup locking.
pohmelfs/
- directory containing pohmelfs filesystem documentation.
porting
- various information on filesystem porting.
proc.txt
- info on Linux's /proc filesystem.
qnx6.txt
- info on the QNX6 filesystem.
quota.txt
- info on Quota subsystem.
ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt
- info on the 'in memory' filesystems ramfs, rootfs and initramfs.
relay.txt
- info on relay, for efficient streaming from kernel to user space.
romfs.txt
- description of the ROMFS filesystem.
seq_file.txt
- how to use the seq_file API.
sharedsubtree.txt
- a description of shared subtrees for namespaces.
spufs.txt
- info and mount options for the SPU filesystem used on Cell.
squashfs.txt
- info on the squashfs filesystem.
sysfs-pci.txt
- info on accessing PCI device resources through sysfs.
sysfs-tagging.txt
- info on sysfs tagging to avoid duplicates.
sysfs.txt
- info on sysfs, a ram-based filesystem for exporting kernel objects.
sysv-fs.txt
- info on the SystemV/V7/Xenix/Coherent filesystem.
tmpfs.txt
- info on tmpfs, a filesystem that holds all files in virtual memory.
ubifs.txt
- info on the Unsorted Block Images FileSystem.
udf.txt
- info and mount options for the UDF filesystem.
ufs.txt
- info on the ufs filesystem.
vfat.txt
- info on using the VFAT filesystem used in Windows NT and Windows 95.
vfs.txt
- overview of the Virtual File System.
xfs-delayed-logging-design.txt
- info on the XFS Delayed Logging Design.
xfs-self-describing-metadata.txt
- info on XFS Self Describing Metadata.
xfs.txt
- info and mount options for the XFS filesystem.

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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ exposure of uninitialized data through mmap.
These filesystems may be used for inspiration:
- ext2: see Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt
- ext4: see Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
- ext4: see Documentation/filesystems/ext4/ext4.rst
- xfs: see Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt

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@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ and are copied into the filesystem. If a transaction is incomplete at
the time of the crash, then there is no guarantee of consistency for
the blocks in that transaction so they are discarded (which means any
filesystem changes they represent are also lost).
Check Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt if you want to read more about
Check Documentation/filesystems/ext4/ext4.rst if you want to read more about
ext4 and journaling.
References

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@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file (nfs-related documentation).
Exporting
- explanation of how to make filesystems exportable.
fault_injection.txt
- information for using fault injection on the server
knfsd-stats.txt
- statistics which the NFS server makes available to user space.
nfs.txt
- nfs client, and DNS resolution for fs_locations.
nfs41-server.txt
- info on the Linux server implementation of NFSv4 minor version 1.
nfs-rdma.txt
- how to install and setup the Linux NFS/RDMA client and server software
nfsd-admin-interfaces.txt
- Administrative interfaces for nfsd.
nfsroot.txt
- short guide on setting up a diskless box with NFS root filesystem.
pnfs.txt
- short explanation of some of the internals of the pnfs client code
rpc-cache.txt
- introduction to the caching mechanisms in the sunrpc layer.
idmapper.txt
- information for configuring request-keys to be used by idmapper
rpc-server-gss.txt
- Information on GSS authentication support in the NFS Server

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@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
Documentation in this directory comes from sections of the manual we
wrote for the externally-developed fmc-bus package. The complete
manual as of today (2013-02) is available in PDF format at
http://www.ohwr.org/projects/fmc-bus/files
00-INDEX
- this file.
FMC-and-SDB.txt
- What are FMC and SDB, basic concepts for this framework
API.txt
- The functions that are exported by the bus driver
parameters.txt
- The module parameters
carrier.txt
- writing a carrier (a device)
mezzanine.txt
- writing code for your mezzanine (a driver)
identifiers.txt
- how identification and matching works
fmc-fakedev.txt
- about drivers/fmc/fmc-fakedev.ko
fmc-trivial.txt
- about drivers/fmc/fmc-trivial.ko
fmc-write-eeprom.txt
- about drivers/fmc/fmc-write-eeprom.ko
fmc-chardev.txt
- about drivers/fmc/fmc-chardev.ko

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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
sysfs.txt
- Information about the GPIO sysfs interface

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
ChangeLog.ide-cd.1994-2004
- ide-cd changelog
ChangeLog.ide-floppy.1996-2002
- ide-floppy changelog
ChangeLog.ide-tape.1995-2002
- ide-tape changelog
ide-tape.txt
- info on the IDE ATAPI streaming tape driver
ide.txt
- important info for users of ATA devices (IDE/EIDE disks and CD-ROMS).
warm-plug-howto.txt
- using sysfs to remove and add IDE devices.

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@ -22,10 +22,7 @@ The following describes the license of the Linux kernel source code
(GPLv2), how to properly mark the license of individual files in the source
tree, as well as links to the full license text.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
process/license-rules.rst
* :ref:`kernel_licensing`
User-oriented documentation
---------------------------

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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
botching-up-ioctls.txt
- how to avoid botching up ioctls
cdrom.txt
- summary of CDROM ioctl calls
hdio.txt
- summary of HDIO_ ioctl calls
ioctl-decoding.txt
- how to decode the bits of an IOCTL code
ioctl-number.txt
- how to implement and register device/driver ioctl calls

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@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file (info on ISDN implementation for Linux)
CREDITS
- list of the kind folks that brought you this stuff.
HiSax.cert
- information about the ITU approval certification of the HiSax driver.
INTERFACE
- description of isdn4linux Link Level and Hardware Level interfaces.
INTERFACE.fax
- description of the fax subinterface of isdn4linux.
INTERFACE.CAPI
- description of kernel CAPI Link Level to Hardware Level interface.
README
- general info on what you need and what to do for Linux ISDN.
README.FAQ
- general info for FAQ.
README.HiSax
- info on the HiSax driver which replaces the old teles.
README.audio
- info for running audio over ISDN.
README.avmb1
- info on driver for AVM-B1 ISDN card.
README.concap
- info on "CONCAP" encapsulation protocol interface used for X.25.
README.diversion
- info on module for isdn diversion services.
README.fax
- info for using Fax over ISDN.
README.gigaset
- info on the drivers for Siemens Gigaset ISDN adapters
README.hfc-pci
- info on hfc-pci based cards.
README.hysdn
- info on driver for Hypercope active HYSDN cards
README.mISDN
- info on the Modular ISDN subsystem (mISDN)
README.syncppp
- info on running Sync PPP over ISDN.
README.x25
- info for running X.25 over ISDN.
syncPPP.FAQ
- frequently asked questions about running PPP over ISDN.

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file: info on the kernel build process
headers_install.txt
- how to export Linux headers for use by userspace
kbuild.txt
- developer information on kbuild
kconfig.txt
- usage help for make *config
kconfig-language.txt
- specification of Config Language, the language in Kconfig files
makefiles.txt
- developer information for linux kernel makefiles
modules.txt
- how to build modules and to install them

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@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
asus-laptop.txt
- information on the Asus Laptop Extras driver.
disk-shock-protection.txt
- information on hard disk shock protection.
laptop-mode.txt
- how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode.
sony-laptop.txt
- Sony Notebook Control Driver (SNC) Readme.
sonypi.txt
- info on Linux Sony Programmable I/O Device support.
thinkpad-acpi.txt
- information on the (IBM and Lenovo) ThinkPad ACPI Extras driver.
toshiba_haps.txt
- information on the Toshiba HDD Active Protection Sensor driver.

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@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
leds-blinkm.txt
- Driver for BlinkM LED-devices.
leds-class.txt
- documents LED handling under Linux.
leds-class-flash.txt
- documents flash LED handling under Linux.
leds-lm3556.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-lm3556 driver.
leds-lp3944.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-lp3944 driver.
leds-lp5521.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-lp5521 driver.
leds-lp5523.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-lp5523 driver.
leds-lp5562.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-lp5562 driver.
leds-lp55xx.txt
- description about lp55xx common driver.
leds-lm3556.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-lm3556 driver.
leds-mlxcpld.txt
- notes on how to use the leds-mlxcpld driver.
ledtrig-oneshot.txt
- One-shot LED trigger for both sporadic and dense events.
ledtrig-transient.txt
- LED Transient Trigger, one shot timer activation.
ledtrig-usbport.txt
- notes on how to use the drivers/usb/core/ledtrig-usbport.c trigger.
uleds.txt
- notes on how to use the uleds driver.

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@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
lockdep-design.txt
- documentation on the runtime locking correctness validator.
lockstat.txt
- info on collecting statistics on locks (and contention).
mutex-design.txt
- info on the generic mutex subsystem.
rt-mutex-design.txt
- description of the RealTime mutex implementation design.
rt-mutex.txt
- desc. of RT-mutex subsystem with PI (Priority Inheritance) support.
spinlocks.txt
- info on using spinlocks to provide exclusive access in kernel.
ww-mutex-design.txt
- Intro to Mutex wait/would deadlock handling.s

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@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
README.buddha
- Amiga Buddha and Catweasel IDE Driver
kernel-options.txt
- command line options for Linux/m68k

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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
AU1xxx_IDE.README
- README for MIPS AU1XXX IDE driver.

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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
mmc-dev-attrs.txt
- info on SD and MMC device attributes
mmc-dev-parts.txt
- info on SD and MMC device partitions
mmc-async-req.txt
- info on mmc asynchronous requests
mmc-tools.txt
- info on mmc-utils tools

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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
cipso_ipv4.txt
- documentation on the IPv4 CIPSO protocol engine.
draft-ietf-cipso-ipsecurity-01.txt
- IETF draft of the CIPSO protocol, dated 16 July 1992.
introduction.txt
- NetLabel introduction, READ THIS FIRST.
lsm_interface.txt
- documentation on the NetLabel kernel security module API.

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@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ May 17, 2006
* Overview
The NetLabel CIPSO/IPv4 protocol engine is based on the IETF Commercial IP
Security Option (CIPSO) draft from July 16, 1992. A copy of this draft can be
found in this directory, consult '00-INDEX' for the filename. While the IETF
draft never made it to an RFC standard it has become a de-facto standard for
labeled networking and is used in many trusted operating systems.
The NetLabel CIPSO/IPv4 protocol engine is based on the IETF Commercial
IP Security Option (CIPSO) draft from July 16, 1992. A copy of this
draft can be found in this directory
(draft-ietf-cipso-ipsecurity-01.txt). While the IETF draft never made
it to an RFC standard it has become a de-facto standard for labeled
networking and is used in many trusted operating systems.
* Outbound Packet Processing

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ refrain from calling the protocol engines directly, instead they should use
the NetLabel kernel security module API described below.
Detailed information about each NetLabel protocol engine can be found in this
directory, consult '00-INDEX' for filenames.
directory.
* Communication Layer

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@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
3c509.txt
- information on the 3Com Etherlink III Series Ethernet cards.
6pack.txt
- info on the 6pack protocol, an alternative to KISS for AX.25
LICENSE.qla3xxx
- GPLv2 for QLogic Linux Networking HBA Driver
LICENSE.qlge
- GPLv2 for QLogic Linux qlge NIC Driver
LICENSE.qlcnic
- GPLv2 for QLogic Linux qlcnic NIC Driver
PLIP.txt
- PLIP: The Parallel Line Internet Protocol device driver
README.ipw2100
- README for the Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 driver.
README.ipw2200
- README for the Intel PRO/Wireless 2915ABG and 2200BG driver.
README.sb1000
- info on General Instrument/NextLevel SURFboard1000 cable modem.
altera_tse.txt
- Altera Triple-Speed Ethernet controller.
arcnet-hardware.txt
- tons of info on ARCnet, hubs, jumper settings for ARCnet cards, etc.
arcnet.txt
- info on the using the ARCnet driver itself.
atm.txt
- info on where to get ATM programs and support for Linux.
ax25.txt
- info on using AX.25 and NET/ROM code for Linux
baycom.txt
- info on the driver for Baycom style amateur radio modems
bonding.txt
- Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO: link aggregation in Linux.
bridge.txt
- where to get user space programs for ethernet bridging with Linux.
cdc_mbim.txt
- 3G/LTE USB modem (Mobile Broadband Interface Model)
checksum-offloads.txt
- Explanation of checksum offloads; LCO, RCO
cops.txt
- info on the COPS LocalTalk Linux driver
cs89x0.txt
- the Crystal LAN (CS8900/20-based) Ethernet ISA adapter driver
cxacru.txt
- Conexant AccessRunner USB ADSL Modem
cxacru-cf.py
- Conexant AccessRunner USB ADSL Modem configuration file parser
cxgb.txt
- Release Notes for the Chelsio N210 Linux device driver.
dccp.txt
- the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) (RFC 4340..42).
dctcp.txt
- DataCenter TCP congestion control
de4x5.txt
- the Digital EtherWORKS DE4?? and DE5?? PCI Ethernet driver
decnet.txt
- info on using the DECnet networking layer in Linux.
defza.txt
- the DEC FDDIcontroller 700 (DEFZA-xx) TURBOchannel FDDI driver
dl2k.txt
- README for D-Link DL2000-based Gigabit Ethernet Adapters (dl2k.ko).
dm9000.txt
- README for the Simtec DM9000 Network driver.
dmfe.txt
- info on the Davicom DM9102(A)/DM9132/DM9801 fast ethernet driver.
dns_resolver.txt
- The DNS resolver module allows kernel servies to make DNS queries.
driver.txt
- Softnet driver issues.
ena.txt
- info on Amazon's Elastic Network Adapter (ENA)
eql.txt
- serial IP load balancing
fib_trie.txt
- Level Compressed Trie (LC-trie) notes: a structure for routing.
filter.txt
- Linux Socket Filtering
fore200e.txt
- FORE Systems PCA-200E/SBA-200E ATM NIC driver info.
framerelay.txt
- info on using Frame Relay/Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI).
gen_stats.txt
- Generic networking statistics for netlink users.
generic-hdlc.txt
- The generic High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) layer.
generic_netlink.txt
- info on Generic Netlink
gianfar.txt
- Gianfar Ethernet Driver.
ieee802154.txt
- Linux IEEE 802.15.4 implementation, API and drivers
ip-sysctl.txt
- /proc/sys/net/ipv4/* variables
ip_dynaddr.txt
- IP dynamic address hack e.g. for auto-dialup links
ipddp.txt
- AppleTalk-IP Decapsulation and AppleTalk-IP Encapsulation
iphase.txt
- Interphase PCI ATM (i)Chip IA Linux driver info.
ipsec.txt
- Note on not compressing IPSec payload and resulting failed policy check.
ipv6.txt
- Options to the ipv6 kernel module.
ipvs-sysctl.txt
- Per-inode explanation of the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/vs interface.
irda.txt
- where to get IrDA (infrared) utilities and info for Linux.
l2tp.txt
- User guide to the L2TP tunnel protocol.
lapb-module.txt
- programming information of the LAPB module.
ltpc.txt
- the Apple or Farallon LocalTalk PC card driver
mac80211-auth-assoc-deauth.txt
- authentication and association / deauth-disassoc with max80211
mac80211-injection.txt
- HOWTO use packet injection with mac80211
multiqueue.txt
- HOWTO for multiqueue network device support.
netconsole.txt
- The network console module netconsole.ko: configuration and notes.
netdev-features.txt
- Network interface features API description.
netdevices.txt
- info on network device driver functions exported to the kernel.
netif-msg.txt
- Design of the network interface message level setting (NETIF_MSG_*).
netlink_mmap.txt
- memory mapped I/O with netlink
nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt
- list of netfilter-sysctl knobs.
nfc.txt
- The Linux Near Field Communication (NFS) subsystem.
openvswitch.txt
- Open vSwitch developer documentation.
operstates.txt
- Overview of network interface operational states.
packet_mmap.txt
- User guide to memory mapped packet socket rings (PACKET_[RT]X_RING).
phonet.txt
- The Phonet packet protocol used in Nokia cellular modems.
phy.txt
- The PHY abstraction layer.
pktgen.txt
- User guide to the kernel packet generator (pktgen.ko).
policy-routing.txt
- IP policy-based routing
ppp_generic.txt
- Information about the generic PPP driver.
proc_net_tcp.txt
- Per inode overview of the /proc/net/tcp and /proc/net/tcp6 interfaces.
radiotap-headers.txt
- Background on radiotap headers.
ray_cs.txt
- Raylink Wireless LAN card driver info.
rds.txt
- Background on the reliable, ordered datagram delivery method RDS.
regulatory.txt
- Overview of the Linux wireless regulatory infrastructure.
rxrpc.txt
- Guide to the RxRPC protocol.
s2io.txt
- Release notes for Neterion Xframe I/II 10GbE driver.
scaling.txt
- Explanation of network scaling techniques: RSS, RPS, RFS, aRFS, XPS.
sctp.txt
- Notes on the Linux kernel implementation of the SCTP protocol.
secid.txt
- Explanation of the secid member in flow structures.
skfp.txt
- SysKonnect FDDI (SK-5xxx, Compaq Netelligent) driver info.
smc9.txt
- the driver for SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet cards
spider_net.txt
- README for the Spidernet Driver (as found in PS3 / Cell BE).
stmmac.txt
- README for the STMicro Synopsys Ethernet driver.
tc-actions-env-rules.txt
- rules for traffic control (tc) actions.
timestamping.txt
- overview of network packet timestamping variants.
tcp-thin.txt
- kernel tuning options for low rate 'thin' TCP streams.
team.txt
- pointer to information for ethernet teaming devices.
tlan.txt
- ThunderLAN (Compaq Netelligent 10/100, Olicom OC-2xxx) driver info.
tproxy.txt
- Transparent proxy support user guide.
tuntap.txt
- TUN/TAP device driver, allowing user space Rx/Tx of packets.
udplite.txt
- UDP-Lite protocol (RFC 3828) introduction.
vortex.txt
- info on using 3Com Vortex (3c590, 3c592, 3c595, 3c597) Ethernet cards.
vxge.txt
- README for the Neterion X3100 PCIe Server Adapter.
vxlan.txt
- Virtual extensible LAN overview
x25.txt
- general info on X.25 development.
x25-iface.txt
- description of the X.25 Packet Layer to LAPB device interface.
xfrm_device.txt
- description of XFRM offload API
xfrm_proc.txt
- description of the statistics package for XFRM.
xfrm_sync.txt
- sync patches for XFRM enable migration of an SA between hosts.
xfrm_sysctl.txt
- description of the XFRM configuration options.
z8530drv.txt
- info about Linux driver for Z8530 based HDLC cards for AX.25

View File

@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
debugging
- some debugging hints for real-mode code
registers
- current/planned usage of registers

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@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
apm-acpi.txt
- basic info about the APM and ACPI support.
basic-pm-debugging.txt
- Debugging suspend and resume
charger-manager.txt
- Battery charger management.
admin-guide/devices.rst
- How drivers interact with system-wide power management
drivers-testing.txt
- Testing suspend and resume support in device drivers
freezing-of-tasks.txt
- How processes and controlled during suspend
interface.txt
- Power management user interface in /sys/power
opp.txt
- Operating Performance Point library
pci.txt
- How the PCI Subsystem Does Power Management
pm_qos_interface.txt
- info on Linux PM Quality of Service interface
power_supply_class.txt
- Tells userspace about battery, UPS, AC or DC power supply properties
runtime_pm.txt
- Power management framework for I/O devices.
s2ram.txt
- How to get suspend to ram working (and debug it when it isn't)
states.txt
- System power management states
suspend-and-cpuhotplug.txt
- Explains the interaction between Suspend-to-RAM (S3) and CPU hotplug
swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
- Using swap files with software suspend (to disk)
swsusp-dmcrypt.txt
- How to use dm-crypt and software suspend (to disk) together
swsusp.txt
- Goals, implementation, and usage of software suspend (ACPI S3)
tricks.txt
- How to trick software suspend (to disk) into working when it isn't
userland-swsusp.txt
- Experimental implementation of software suspend in userspace
video.txt
- Video issues during resume from suspend

View File

@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
Index of files in Documentation/powerpc. If you think something about
Linux/PPC needs an entry here, needs correction or you've written one
please mail me.
Cort Dougan (cort@fsmlabs.com)
00-INDEX
- this file
bootwrapper.txt
- Information on how the powerpc kernel is wrapped for boot on various
different platforms.
cpu_features.txt
- info on how we support a variety of CPUs with minimal compile-time
options.
cxl.txt
- Overview of the CXL driver.
eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
- info on PCI Bus EEH Error Recovery
firmware-assisted-dump.txt
- Documentation on the firmware assisted dump mechanism "fadump".
hvcs.txt
- IBM "Hypervisor Virtual Console Server" Installation Guide
mpc52xx.txt
- Linux 2.6.x on MPC52xx family
pmu-ebb.txt
- Description of the API for using the PMU with Event Based Branches.
qe_firmware.txt
- describes the layout of firmware binaries for the Freescale QUICC
Engine and the code that parses and uploads the microcode therein.
ptrace.txt
- Information on the ptrace interfaces for hardware debug registers.
transactional_memory.txt
- Overview of the Power8 transactional memory support.
dscr.txt
- Overview DSCR (Data Stream Control Register) support.

View File

@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ Proper Locking Under a Preemptible Kernel: Keeping Kernel Code Preempt-Safe
===========================================================================
:Author: Robert Love <rml@tech9.net>
:Last Updated: 28 Aug 2002
Introduction
@ -92,11 +91,12 @@ any locks or interrupts are disabled, since preemption is implicitly disabled
in those cases.
But keep in mind that 'irqs disabled' is a fundamentally unsafe way of
disabling preemption - any spin_unlock() decreasing the preemption count
to 0 might trigger a reschedule. A simple printk() might trigger a reschedule.
So use this implicit preemption-disabling property only if you know that the
affected codepath does not do any of this. Best policy is to use this only for
small, atomic code that you wrote and which calls no complex functions.
disabling preemption - any cond_resched() or cond_resched_lock() might trigger
a reschedule if the preempt count is 0. A simple printk() might trigger a
reschedule. So use this implicit preemption-disabling property only if you
know that the affected codepath does not do any of this. Best policy is to use
this only for small, atomic code that you wrote and which calls no complex
functions.
Example::

View File

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ As an example, here is how the 4.16 development cycle went (all dates in
March 11 4.16-rc5
March 18 4.16-rc6
March 25 4.16-rc7
April 1 4.17 stable release
April 1 4.16 stable release
============== ===============================
How do the developers decide when to close the development cycle and create

View File

@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ normally be optional, so add a ``CONFIG`` option (typically to
by the option.
- Make the option depend on EXPERT if it should be hidden from normal users.
- Make any new source files implementing the function dependent on the CONFIG
option in the Makefile (e.g. ``obj-$(CONFIG_XYZZY_SYSCALL) += xyzzy.c``).
option in the Makefile (e.g. ``obj-$(CONFIG_XYZZY_SYSCALL) += xyzzy.o``).
- Double check that the kernel still builds with the new CONFIG option turned
off.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=====================================================================
Deprecated Interfaces, Language Features, Attributes, and Conventions
=====================================================================
In a perfect world, it would be possible to convert all instances of
some deprecated API into the new API and entirely remove the old API in
a single development cycle. However, due to the size of the kernel, the
maintainership hierarchy, and timing, it's not always feasible to do these
kinds of conversions at once. This means that new instances may sneak into
the kernel while old ones are being removed, only making the amount of
work to remove the API grow. In order to educate developers about what
has been deprecated and why, this list has been created as a place to
point when uses of deprecated things are proposed for inclusion in the
kernel.
__deprecated
------------
While this attribute does visually mark an interface as deprecated,
it `does not produce warnings during builds any more
<https://git.kernel.org/linus/771c035372a036f83353eef46dbb829780330234>`_
because one of the standing goals of the kernel is to build without
warnings and no one was actually doing anything to remove these deprecated
interfaces. While using `__deprecated` is nice to note an old API in
a header file, it isn't the full solution. Such interfaces must either
be fully removed from the kernel, or added to this file to discourage
others from using them in the future.
open-coded arithmetic in allocator arguments
--------------------------------------------
Dynamic size calculations (especially multiplication) should not be
performed in memory allocator (or similar) function arguments due to the
risk of them overflowing. This could lead to values wrapping around and a
smaller allocation being made than the caller was expecting. Using those
allocations could lead to linear overflows of heap memory and other
misbehaviors. (One exception to this is literal values where the compiler
can warn if they might overflow. Though using literals for arguments as
suggested below is also harmless.)
For example, do not use ``count * size`` as an argument, as in::
foo = kmalloc(count * size, GFP_KERNEL);
Instead, the 2-factor form of the allocator should be used::
foo = kmalloc_array(count, size, GFP_KERNEL);
If no 2-factor form is available, the saturate-on-overflow helpers should
be used::
bar = vmalloc(array_size(count, size));
Another common case to avoid is calculating the size of a structure with
a trailing array of others structures, as in::
header = kzalloc(sizeof(*header) + count * sizeof(*header->item),
GFP_KERNEL);
Instead, use the helper::
header = kzalloc(struct_size(header, item, count), GFP_KERNEL);
See :c:func:`array_size`, :c:func:`array3_size`, and :c:func:`struct_size`,
for more details as well as the related :c:func:`check_add_overflow` and
:c:func:`check_mul_overflow` family of functions.
simple_strtol(), simple_strtoll(), simple_strtoul(), simple_strtoull()
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The :c:func:`simple_strtol`, :c:func:`simple_strtoll`,
:c:func:`simple_strtoul`, and :c:func:`simple_strtoull` functions
explicitly ignore overflows, which may lead to unexpected results
in callers. The respective :c:func:`kstrtol`, :c:func:`kstrtoll`,
:c:func:`kstrtoul`, and :c:func:`kstrtoull` functions tend to be the
correct replacements, though note that those require the string to be
NUL or newline terminated.
strcpy()
--------
:c:func:`strcpy` performs no bounds checking on the destination
buffer. This could result in linear overflows beyond the
end of the buffer, leading to all kinds of misbehaviors. While
`CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE=y` and various compiler flags help reduce the
risk of using this function, there is no good reason to add new uses of
this function. The safe replacement is :c:func:`strscpy`.
strncpy() on NUL-terminated strings
-----------------------------------
Use of :c:func:`strncpy` does not guarantee that the destination buffer
will be NUL terminated. This can lead to various linear read overflows
and other misbehavior due to the missing termination. It also NUL-pads the
destination buffer if the source contents are shorter than the destination
buffer size, which may be a needless performance penalty for callers using
only NUL-terminated strings. The safe replacement is :c:func:`strscpy`.
(Users of :c:func:`strscpy` still needing NUL-padding will need an
explicit :c:func:`memset` added.)
If a caller is using non-NUL-terminated strings, :c:func:`strncpy()` can
still be used, but destinations should be marked with the `__nonstring
<https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Common-Variable-Attributes.html>`_
attribute to avoid future compiler warnings.
strlcpy()
---------
:c:func:`strlcpy` reads the entire source buffer first, possibly exceeding
the given limit of bytes to copy. This is inefficient and can lead to
linear read overflows if a source string is not NUL-terminated. The
safe replacement is :c:func:`strscpy`.
Variable Length Arrays (VLAs)
-----------------------------
Using stack VLAs produces much worse machine code than statically
sized stack arrays. While these non-trivial `performance issues
<https://git.kernel.org/linus/02361bc77888>`_ are reason enough to
eliminate VLAs, they are also a security risk. Dynamic growth of a stack
array may exceed the remaining memory in the stack segment. This could
lead to a crash, possible overwriting sensitive contents at the end of the
stack (when built without `CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK=y`), or overwriting
memory adjacent to the stack (when built without `CONFIG_VMAP_STACK=y`)

View File

@ -57,12 +57,13 @@ of doing things.
Legal Issues
------------
The Linux kernel source code is released under the GPL. Please see the
file, COPYING, in the main directory of the source tree, for details on
the license. If you have further questions about the license, please
contact a lawyer, and do not ask on the Linux kernel mailing list. The
people on the mailing lists are not lawyers, and you should not rely on
their statements on legal matters.
The Linux kernel source code is released under the GPL. Please see the file
COPYING in the main directory of the source tree. The Linux kernel licensing
rules and how to use `SPDX <https://spdx.org/>`_ identifiers in source code are
descibed in :ref:`Documentation/process/license-rules.rst <kernel_licensing>`.
If you have further questions about the license, please contact a lawyer, and do
not ask on the Linux kernel mailing list. The people on the mailing lists are
not lawyers, and you should not rely on their statements on legal matters.
For common questions and answers about the GPL, please see:

View File

@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Below are the essential guides that every developer should read.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
license-rules
howto
code-of-conduct
code-of-conduct-interpretation
@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ Other guides to the community that are of interest to most developers are:
stable-kernel-rules
submit-checklist
kernel-docs
deprecated
These are some overall technical guides that have been put here for now for
lack of a better place.

View File

@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. _kernel_licensing:
Linux kernel licensing rules
============================

View File

@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
3270.ChangeLog
- ChangeLog for the UTS Global 3270-support patch (outdated).
3270.txt
- how to use the IBM 3270 display system support.
cds.txt
- s390 common device support (common I/O layer).
CommonIO
- common I/O layer command line parameters, procfs and debugfs entries
config3270.sh
- example configuration for 3270 devices.
DASD
- information on the DASD disk device driver.
Debugging390.txt
- hints for debugging on s390 systems.
driver-model.txt
- information on s390 devices and the driver model.
monreader.txt
- information on accessing the z/VM monitor stream from Linux.
qeth.txt
- HiperSockets Bridge Port Support.
s390dbf.txt
- information on using the s390 debug feature.
vfio-ccw.txt
information on the vfio-ccw I/O subchannel driver.
zfcpdump.txt
- information on the s390 SCSI dump tool.

View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
sched-arch.txt
- CPU Scheduler implementation hints for architecture specific code.
sched-bwc.txt
- CFS bandwidth control overview.
sched-design-CFS.txt
- goals, design and implementation of the Completely Fair Scheduler.
sched-domains.txt
- information on scheduling domains.
sched-nice-design.txt
- How and why the scheduler's nice levels are implemented.
sched-rt-group.txt
- real-time group scheduling.
sched-deadline.txt
- deadline scheduling.
sched-stats.txt
- information on schedstats (Linux Scheduler Statistics).

View File

@ -267,7 +267,8 @@ queue spinlock. Any such concurrent calls to complete() or complete_all()
probably are a design bug.
Signaling completion from IRQ context is fine as it will appropriately
lock with spin_lock_irqsave()/spin_unlock_irqrestore() and it will never sleep.
lock with spin_lock_irqsave()/spin_unlock_irqrestore() and it will never
sleep.
try_wait_for_completion()/completion_done():

View File

@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
53c700.txt
- info on driver for 53c700 based adapters
BusLogic.txt
- info on driver for adapters with BusLogic chips
ChangeLog.1992-1997
- Changes to scsi files, if not listed elsewhere
ChangeLog.arcmsr
- Changes to driver for ARECA's SATA RAID controller cards
ChangeLog.ips
- IBM ServeRAID driver Changelog
ChangeLog.lpfc
- Changes to lpfc driver
ChangeLog.megaraid
- Changes to LSI megaraid controller.
ChangeLog.megaraid_sas
- Changes to serial attached scsi version of LSI megaraid controller.
ChangeLog.ncr53c8xx
- Changes to ncr53c8xx driver
ChangeLog.sym53c8xx
- Changes to sym53c8xx driver
ChangeLog.sym53c8xx_2
- Changes to second generation of sym53c8xx driver
FlashPoint.txt
- info on driver for BusLogic FlashPoint adapters
LICENSE.FlashPoint
- Licence of the Flashpoint driver
LICENSE.qla2xxx
- License for QLogic Linux Fibre Channel HBA Driver firmware.
LICENSE.qla4xxx
- License for QLogic Linux iSCSI HBA Driver.
Mylex.txt
- info on driver for Mylex adapters
NinjaSCSI.txt
- info on WorkBiT NinjaSCSI-32/32Bi driver
aacraid.txt
- Driver supporting Adaptec RAID controllers
advansys.txt
- List of Advansys Host Adapters
aha152x.txt
- info on driver for Adaptec AHA152x based adapters
aic79xx.txt
- Adaptec Ultra320 SCSI host adapters
aic7xxx.txt
- info on driver for Adaptec controllers
arcmsr_spec.txt
- ARECA FIRMWARE SPEC (for IOP331 adapter)
bfa.txt
- Brocade FC/FCOE adapter driver.
bnx2fc.txt
- FCoE hardware offload for Broadcom network interfaces.
cxgb3i.txt
- Chelsio iSCSI Linux Driver
dc395x.txt
- README file for the dc395x SCSI driver
dpti.txt
- info on driver for DPT SmartRAID and Adaptec I2O RAID based adapters
dtc3x80.txt
- info on driver for DTC 2x80 based adapters
g_NCR5380.txt
- info on driver for NCR5380 and NCR53c400 based adapters
hpsa.txt
- HP Smart Array Controller SCSI driver.
hptiop.txt
- HIGHPOINT ROCKETRAID 3xxx RAID DRIVER
libsas.txt
- Serial Attached SCSI management layer.
link_power_management_policy.txt
- Link power management options.
lpfc.txt
- LPFC driver release notes
megaraid.txt
- Common Management Module, shared code handling ioctls for LSI drivers
ncr53c8xx.txt
- info on driver for NCR53c8xx based adapters
osd.txt
Object-Based Storage Device, command set introduction.
osst.txt
- info on driver for OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tape
ppa.txt
- info on driver for IOmega zip drive
qlogicfas.txt
- info on driver for QLogic FASxxx based adapters
scsi-changer.txt
- README for the SCSI media changer driver
scsi-generic.txt
- info on the sg driver for generic (non-disk/CD/tape) SCSI devices.
scsi-parameters.txt
- List of SCSI-parameters to pass to the kernel at module load-time.
scsi.txt
- short blurb on using SCSI support as a module.
scsi_mid_low_api.txt
- info on API between SCSI layer and low level drivers
scsi_eh.txt
- info on SCSI midlayer error handling infrastructure
scsi_fc_transport.txt
- SCSI Fiber Channel Tansport
st.txt
- info on scsi tape driver
sym53c500_cs.txt
- info on PCMCIA driver for Symbios Logic 53c500 based adapters
sym53c8xx_2.txt
- info on second generation driver for sym53c8xx based adapters
tmscsim.txt
- info on driver for AM53c974 based adapters
ufs.txt
- info on Universal Flash Storage(UFS) and UFS host controller driver.

View File

@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Encrypted keys for the eCryptfs filesystem
ECryptfs is a stacked filesystem which transparently encrypts and decrypts each
file using a randomly generated File Encryption Key (FEK).
Each FEK is in turn encrypted with a File Encryption Key Encryption Key (FEFEK)
Each FEK is in turn encrypted with a File Encryption Key Encryption Key (FEKEK)
either in kernel space or in user space with a daemon called 'ecryptfsd'. In
the former case the operation is performed directly by the kernel CryptoAPI
using a key, the FEFEK, derived from a user prompted passphrase; in the latter
using a key, the FEKEK, derived from a user prompted passphrase; in the latter
the FEK is encrypted by 'ecryptfsd' with the help of external libraries in order
to support other mechanisms like public key cryptography, PKCS#11 and TPM based
operations.
@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ by the userspace utility 'mount.ecryptfs' shipped with the package
The 'encrypted' key type has been extended with the introduction of the new
format 'ecryptfs' in order to be used in conjunction with the eCryptfs
filesystem. Encrypted keys of the newly introduced format store an
authentication token in its payload with a FEFEK randomly generated by the
authentication token in its payload with a FEKEK randomly generated by the
kernel and protected by the parent master key.
In order to avoid known-plaintext attacks, the datablob obtained through
commands 'keyctl print' or 'keyctl pipe' does not contain the overall
authentication token, which content is well known, but only the FEFEK in
authentication token, which content is well known, but only the FEKEK in
encrypted form.
The eCryptfs filesystem may really benefit from using encrypted keys in that the

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@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
README.cycladesZ
- info on Cyclades-Z firmware loading.
driver
- intro to the low level serial driver.
moxa-smartio
- file with info on installing/using Moxa multiport serial driver.
n_gsm.txt
- GSM 0710 tty multiplexer howto.
rocket.txt
- info on the Comtrol RocketPort multiport serial driver.
serial-rs485.txt
- info about RS485 structures and support in the kernel.
tty.txt
- guide to the locking policies of the tty layer.

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@ -4,6 +4,44 @@
*
*/
/* Improve contrast and increase size for easier reading. */
body {
font-family: serif;
color: black;
font-size: 100%;
}
h1, h2, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper p.caption, h3, h4, h5, h6, legend {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
color: #505050;
}
.wy-menu-vertical li.on a, .wy-menu-vertical li.current > a {
color: #303030;
}
div[class^="highlight"] pre {
font-family: monospace;
color: black;
font-size: 100%;
}
.wy-menu-vertical {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.c {
font-style: normal;
}
p {
font-size: 100%;
}
/* Interim: Code-blocks with line nos - lines and line numbers don't line up.
* see: https://github.com/rtfd/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/419
*/

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@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
butterfly
- AVR Butterfly SPI driver overview and pin configuration.
ep93xx_spi
- Basic EP93xx SPI driver configuration.
pxa2xx
- PXA2xx SPI master controller build by spi_message fifo wq
spidev
- Intro to the userspace API for spi devices
spi-lm70llp
- Connecting an LM70-LLP sensor to the kernel via the SPI subsys.
spi-sc18is602
- NXP SC18IS602/603 I2C-bus to SPI bridge
spi-summary
- (Linux) SPI overview. If unsure about SPI or SPI in Linux, start here.

View File

@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
README
- general information about /proc/sys/ sysctl files.
abi.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/abi/*.
fs.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/fs/*.
kernel.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/*.
net.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/net/*.
sunrpc.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/sunrpc/*.
vm.txt
- documentation for /proc/sys/vm/*.

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@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
highres.txt
- High resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes
hpet.txt
- High Precision Event Timer Driver for Linux
hrtimers.txt
- subsystem for high-resolution kernel timers
NO_HZ.txt
- Summary of the different methods for the scheduler clock-interrupts management.
timekeeping.txt
- Clock sources, clock events, sched_clock() and delay timer notes
timers-howto.txt
- how to insert delays in the kernel the right (tm) way.
timer_stats.txt
- timer usage statistics

View File

@ -2987,6 +2987,9 @@ The following commands are supported:
command, it only prints out the contents of the ring buffer for the
CPU that executed the function that triggered the dump.
- stacktrace:
When the function is hit, a stack trace is recorded.
trace_pipe
----------

View File

@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ For example, here's how a latency can be calculated::
# echo 'hist:keys=pid,prio:ts0=common_timestamp ...' >> event1/trigger
# echo 'hist:keys=next_pid:wakeup_lat=common_timestamp-$ts0 ...' >> event2/trigger
In the first line above, the event's timetamp is saved into the
In the first line above, the event's timestamp is saved into the
variable ts0. In the next line, ts0 is subtracted from the second
event's timestamp to produce the latency, which is then assigned into
yet another variable, 'wakeup_lat'. The hist trigger below in turn
@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ the command that defined it with a '!'::
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/synthetic_events
At this point, there isn't yet an actual 'wakeup_latency' event
instantiated in the event subsytem - for this to happen, a 'hist
instantiated in the event subsystem - for this to happen, a 'hist
trigger action' needs to be instantiated and bound to actual fields
and variables defined on other events (see Section 2.2.3 below on
how that is done using hist trigger 'onmatch' action). Once that is
@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@ output can be displayed by reading the event's 'hist' file.
A hist trigger 'action' is a function that's executed whenever a
histogram entry is added or updated.
The default 'action' if no special function is explicity specified is
The default 'action' if no special function is explicitly specified is
as it always has been, to simply update the set of values associated
with an entry. Some applications, however, may want to perform
additional actions at that point, such as generate another event, or

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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
Virtualization support in the Linux kernel.
00-INDEX
- this file.
paravirt_ops.txt
- Describes the Linux kernel pv_ops to support different hypervisors
kvm/
- Kernel Virtual Machine. See also http://linux-kvm.org
uml/
- User Mode Linux, builds/runs Linux kernel as a userspace program.

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@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
amd-memory-encryption.rst
- notes on AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization feature and SEV firmware
command description
api.txt
- KVM userspace API.
arm
- internal ABI between the kernel and HYP (for arm/arm64)
cpuid.txt
- KVM-specific cpuid leaves (x86).
devices/
- KVM_CAP_DEVICE_CTRL userspace API.
halt-polling.txt
- notes on halt-polling
hypercalls.txt
- KVM hypercalls.
locking.txt
- notes on KVM locks.
mmu.txt
- the x86 kvm shadow mmu.
msr.txt
- KVM-specific MSRs (x86).
nested-vmx.txt
- notes on nested virtualization for Intel x86 processors.
ppc-pv.txt
- the paravirtualization interface on PowerPC.
review-checklist.txt
- review checklist for KVM patches.
s390-diag.txt
- Diagnose hypercall description (for IBM S/390)
timekeeping.txt
- timekeeping virtualization for x86-based architectures.
vcpu-requests.rst
- internal VCPU request API

View File

@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file.
active_mm.rst
- An explanation from Linus about tsk->active_mm vs tsk->mm.
balance.rst
- various information on memory balancing.
cleancache.rst
- Intro to cleancache and page-granularity victim cache.
frontswap.rst
- Outline frontswap, part of the transcendent memory frontend.
highmem.rst
- Outline of highmem and common issues.
hmm.rst
- Documentation of heterogeneous memory management
hugetlbfs_reserv.rst
- A brief overview of hugetlbfs reservation design/implementation.
hwpoison.rst
- explains what hwpoison is
ksm.rst
- how to use the Kernel Samepage Merging feature.
mmu_notifier.rst
- a note about clearing pte/pmd and mmu notifications
numa.rst
- information about NUMA specific code in the Linux vm.
overcommit-accounting.rst
- description of the Linux kernels overcommit handling modes.
page_frags.rst
- description of page fragments allocator
page_migration.rst
- description of page migration in NUMA systems.
page_owner.rst
- tracking about who allocated each page
remap_file_pages.rst
- a note about remap_file_pages() system call
slub.rst
- a short users guide for SLUB.
split_page_table_lock.rst
- Separate per-table lock to improve scalability of the old page_table_lock.
swap_numa.rst
- automatic binding of swap device to numa node
transhuge.rst
- Transparent Hugepage Support, alternative way of using hugepages.
unevictable-lru.rst
- Unevictable LRU infrastructure
z3fold.txt
- outline of z3fold allocator for storing compressed pages
zsmalloc.rst
- outline of zsmalloc allocator for storing compressed pages
zswap.rst
- Intro to compressed cache for swap pages

View File

@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
slaves/
- Drivers that provide support for specific family codes.
masters/
- Individual chips providing 1-wire busses.
w1.generic
- The 1-wire (w1) bus
w1.netlink
- Userspace communication protocol over connector [1].

View File

@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
ds2482
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor DS2482 provides 1-wire busses.
ds2490
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor DS2490 builds USB <-> W1 bridges.
mxc-w1
- W1 master controller driver found on Freescale MX2/MX3 SoCs
omap-hdq
- HDQ/1-wire module of TI OMAP 2430/3430.
w1-gpio
- GPIO 1-wire bus master driver.

View File

@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
w1_therm
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor ds18*20 temperature sensor.
w1_ds2413
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor ds2413 dual channel addressable switch.
w1_ds2423
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor ds2423 counter device.
w1_ds2438
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor ds2438 smart battery monitor.
w1_ds28e04
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor ds28e04 eeprom.
w1_ds28e17
- The Maxim/Dallas Semiconductor ds28e17 1-Wire-to-I2C Master Bridge.

View File

@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- this file
boot.txt
- List of boot protocol versions
earlyprintk.txt
- Using earlyprintk with a USB2 debug port key.
entry_64.txt
- Describe (some of the) kernel entry points for x86.
exception-tables.txt
- why and how Linux kernel uses exception tables on x86
microcode.txt
- How to load microcode from an initrd-CPIO archive early to fix CPU issues.
mtrr.txt
- how to use x86 Memory Type Range Registers to increase performance
pat.txt
- Page Attribute Table intro and API
usb-legacy-support.txt
- how to fix/avoid quirks when using emulated PS/2 mouse/keyboard.
zero-page.txt
- layout of the first page of memory.

View File

@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
00-INDEX
- This file
boot-options.txt
- AMD64-specific boot options.
cpu-hotplug-spec
- Firmware support for CPU hotplug under Linux/x86-64
fake-numa-for-cpusets
- Using numa=fake and CPUSets for Resource Management
kernel-stacks
- Context-specific per-processor interrupt stacks.
machinecheck
- Configurable sysfs parameters for the x86-64 machine check code.
mm.txt
- Memory layout of x86-64 (4 level page tables, 46 bits physical).
uefi.txt
- Booting Linux via Unified Extensible Firmware Interface.

View File

@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
Valid-License-Identifier: CDDL-1.0
SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0.html
Usage-Guide:
Do NOT use. The CDDL-1.0 is not GPL compatible. It may only be used for
dual-licensed files where the other license is GPL compatible.
If you end up using this it MUST be used together with a GPL2 compatible
license using "OR".
To use the Common Development and Distribution License 1.0 put the
following SPDX tag/value pair into a comment according to the placement
guidelines in the licensing rules documentation:
SPDX-License-Identifier: CDDL-1.0
SPDX-License-Identifier: ($GPL-COMPATIBLE-ID OR CDDL-1.0)
License-Text:

24
LICENSES/other/ISC Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
Valid-License-Identifier: ISC
SPDX-URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/ISC.html
Usage-Guide:
To use the ISC License put the following SPDX tag/value pair into a
comment according to the placement guidelines in the licensing rules
documentation:
SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
License-Text:
ISC License
Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

View File

@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ ANALOG DEVICES INC ADGS1408 DRIVER
M: Mircea Caprioru <mircea.caprioru@analog.com>
S: Supported
F: drivers/mux/adgs1408.c
F: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mux/adgs1408.txt
F: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mux/adi,adgs1408.txt
ANALOG DEVICES INC ADP5061 DRIVER
M: Stefan Popa <stefan.popa@analog.com>
@ -4514,11 +4514,12 @@ S: Maintained
F: Documentation/
F: scripts/kernel-doc
X: Documentation/ABI/
X: Documentation/acpi/
X: Documentation/devicetree/
X: Documentation/acpi
X: Documentation/power
X: Documentation/spi
X: Documentation/media
X: Documentation/i2c/
X: Documentation/media/
X: Documentation/power/
X: Documentation/spi/
T: git git://git.lwn.net/linux.git docs-next
DOCUMENTATION/ITALIAN
@ -5548,7 +5549,7 @@ W: http://ext4.wiki.kernel.org
Q: http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/project/linux-ext4/list/
T: git git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4.git
S: Maintained
F: Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
F: Documentation/filesystems/ext4/ext4.rst
F: fs/ext4/
Extended Verification Module (EVM)

1
README
View File

@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about

View File

@ -337,9 +337,16 @@ static void deallocate_channel(struct fw_card *card, int irm_id,
/**
* fw_iso_resource_manage() - Allocate or deallocate a channel and/or bandwidth
* @card: card interface for this action
* @generation: bus generation
* @channels_mask: bitmask for channel allocation
* @channel: pointer for returning channel allocation result
* @bandwidth: pointer for returning bandwidth allocation result
* @allocate: whether to allocate (true) or deallocate (false)
*
* In parameters: card, generation, channels_mask, bandwidth, allocate
* Out parameters: channel, bandwidth
*
* This function blocks (sleeps) during communication with the IRM.
*
* Allocates or deallocates at most one channel out of channels_mask.

View File

@ -410,6 +410,14 @@ static void transaction_callback(struct fw_card *card, int rcode,
/**
* fw_run_transaction() - send request and sleep until transaction is completed
* @card: card interface for this request
* @tcode: transaction code
* @destination_id: destination node ID, consisting of bus_ID and phy_ID
* @generation: bus generation in which request and response are valid
* @speed: transmission speed
* @offset: 48bit wide offset into destination's address space
* @payload: data payload for the request subaction
* @length: length of the payload, in bytes
*
* Returns the RCODE. See fw_send_request() for parameter documentation.
* Unlike fw_send_request(), @data points to the payload of the request or/and
@ -604,6 +612,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(fw_core_add_address_handler);
/**
* fw_core_remove_address_handler() - unregister an address handler
* @handler: callback
*
* To be called in process context.
*
@ -828,6 +837,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(fw_send_response);
/**
* fw_get_request_speed() - returns speed at which the @request was received
* @request: firewire request data
*/
int fw_get_request_speed(struct fw_request *request)
{

View File

@ -47,11 +47,11 @@
#define FW_CDEV_EVENT_ISO_INTERRUPT_MULTICHANNEL 0x09
/**
* struct fw_cdev_event_common - Common part of all fw_cdev_event_ types
* struct fw_cdev_event_common - Common part of all fw_cdev_event_* types
* @closure: For arbitrary use by userspace
* @type: Discriminates the fw_cdev_event_ types
* @type: Discriminates the fw_cdev_event_* types
*
* This struct may be used to access generic members of all fw_cdev_event_
* This struct may be used to access generic members of all fw_cdev_event_*
* types regardless of the specific type.
*
* Data passed in the @closure field for a request will be returned in the
@ -123,7 +123,13 @@ struct fw_cdev_event_response {
/**
* struct fw_cdev_event_request - Old version of &fw_cdev_event_request2
* @closure: See &fw_cdev_event_common; set by %FW_CDEV_IOC_ALLOCATE ioctl
* @type: See &fw_cdev_event_common; always %FW_CDEV_EVENT_REQUEST
* @tcode: Transaction code of the incoming request
* @offset: The offset into the 48-bit per-node address space
* @handle: Reference to the kernel-side pending request
* @length: Data length, i.e. the request's payload size in bytes
* @data: Incoming data, if any
*
* This event is sent instead of &fw_cdev_event_request2 if the kernel or
* the client implements ABI version <= 3. &fw_cdev_event_request lacks
@ -353,7 +359,7 @@ struct fw_cdev_event_phy_packet {
};
/**
* union fw_cdev_event - Convenience union of fw_cdev_event_ types
* union fw_cdev_event - Convenience union of fw_cdev_event_* types
* @common: Valid for all types
* @bus_reset: Valid if @common.type == %FW_CDEV_EVENT_BUS_RESET
* @response: Valid if @common.type == %FW_CDEV_EVENT_RESPONSE
@ -735,7 +741,7 @@ struct fw_cdev_set_iso_channels {
* @header: Header and payload in case of a transmit context.
*
* &struct fw_cdev_iso_packet is used to describe isochronous packet queues.
* Use the FW_CDEV_ISO_ macros to fill in @control.
* Use the FW_CDEV_ISO_* macros to fill in @control.
* The @header array is empty in case of receive contexts.
*
* Context type %FW_CDEV_ISO_CONTEXT_TRANSMIT:
@ -842,7 +848,7 @@ struct fw_cdev_queue_iso {
* the %FW_CDEV_ISO_SYNC bit set
* @tags: Tag filter bit mask. Only valid for isochronous reception.
* Determines the tag values for which packets will be accepted.
* Use FW_CDEV_ISO_CONTEXT_MATCH_ macros to set @tags.
* Use FW_CDEV_ISO_CONTEXT_MATCH_* macros to set @tags.
* @handle: Isochronous context handle within which to transmit or receive
*/
struct fw_cdev_start_iso {
@ -1009,8 +1015,8 @@ struct fw_cdev_send_stream_packet {
* on the same card as this device. After transmission, an
* %FW_CDEV_EVENT_PHY_PACKET_SENT event is generated.
*
* The payload @data[] shall be specified in host byte order. Usually,
* @data[1] needs to be the bitwise inverse of @data[0]. VersaPHY packets
* The payload @data\[\] shall be specified in host byte order. Usually,
* @data\[1\] needs to be the bitwise inverse of @data\[0\]. VersaPHY packets
* are an exception to this rule.
*
* The ioctl is only permitted on device files which represent a local node.

View File

@ -1833,7 +1833,6 @@ static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec)
* p page flags (see struct page) given as pointer to unsigned long
* g gfp flags (GFP_* and __GFP_*) given as pointer to gfp_t
* v vma flags (VM_*) given as pointer to unsigned long
* - 'O' For a kobject based struct. Must be one of the following:
* - 'OF[fnpPcCF]' For a device tree object
* Without any optional arguments prints the full_name
* f device node full_name
@ -1843,7 +1842,6 @@ static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec)
* F device node flags
* c major compatible string
* C full compatible string
*
* - 'x' For printing the address. Equivalent to "%lx".
*
* ** When making changes please also update:

View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ config BRIDGE
other third party bridge products.
In order to use the Ethernet bridge, you'll need the bridge
configuration tools; see <file:Documentation/networking/bridge.txt>
configuration tools; see <file:Documentation/networking/bridge.rst>
for location. Please read the Bridge mini-HOWTO for more
information.

View File

@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/bash
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
cd Documentation/
# Check entries that should be removed
obsolete=""
for i in $(tail -n +12 00-INDEX |grep -E '^[a-zA-Z0-9]+'); do
if [ ! -e $i ]; then
obsolete="$obsolete $i"
fi
done
# Check directory entries that should be added
search=""
dir=""
for i in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d); do
if [ "$i" != "." ]; then
new=$(echo $i|perl -ne 's,./(.*),$1/,; print $_')
search="$search $new"
fi
done
for i in $search; do
if [ "$(grep -P "^$i" 00-INDEX)" == "" ]; then
dir="$dir $i"
fi
done
# Check file entries that should be added
search=""
file=""
for i in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -type f); do
if [ "$i" != "./.gitignore" ]; then
new=$(echo $i|perl -ne 's,./(.*),$1,; print $_')
search="$search $new"
fi
done
for i in $search; do
if [ "$(grep -P "^$i\$" 00-INDEX)" == "" ]; then
file="$file $i"
fi
done
# Output its findings
echo -e "Documentation/00-INDEX check results:\n"
if [ "$obsolete" != "" ]; then
echo -e "- Should remove those entries:\n\t$obsolete\n"
else
echo -e "- No obsolete entries\n"
fi
if [ "$dir" != "" ]; then
echo -e "- Should document those directories:\n\t$dir\n"
else
echo -e "- No new directories to add\n"
fi
if [ "$file" != "" ]; then
echo -e "- Should document those files:\n\t$file"
else
echo "- No new files to add"
fi

View File

@ -1904,13 +1904,13 @@ sub process_name($$) {
++$warnings;
}
if ($identifier =~ m/^struct/) {
if ($identifier =~ m/^struct\b/) {
$decl_type = 'struct';
} elsif ($identifier =~ m/^union/) {
} elsif ($identifier =~ m/^union\b/) {
$decl_type = 'union';
} elsif ($identifier =~ m/^enum/) {
} elsif ($identifier =~ m/^enum\b/) {
$decl_type = 'enum';
} elsif ($identifier =~ m/^typedef/) {
} elsif ($identifier =~ m/^typedef\b/) {
$decl_type = 'typedef';
} else {
$decl_type = 'function';