printk: nbcon: Add emit function and callback function for atomic printing

Implement an emit function for nbcon consoles to output printk
messages. It utilizes the lockless printk_get_next_message() and
console_prepend_dropped() functions to retrieve/build the output
message. The emit function includes the required safety points to
check for handover/takeover and calls a new write_atomic callback
of the console driver to output the message. It also includes
proper handling for updating the nbcon console sequence number.

A new nbcon_write_context struct is introduced. This is provided
to the write_atomic callback and includes only the information
necessary for performing atomic writes.

Co-developed-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner (Intel) <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230916192007.608398-8-john.ogness@linutronix.de

include/linux/console.h

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ struct printk_buffers;
  *				be used only with NBCON_PRIO_PANIC @prio. It
  *				might cause a system freeze when the console
  *				is used later.
+ * @backlog:			Ringbuffer has pending records
  * @pbufs:			Pointer to the text buffer for this context
  * @seq:			The sequence number to print for this context
  */
@@ -252,11 +253,28 @@ struct nbcon_context {
 	enum nbcon_prio		prio;
 	unsigned int		allow_unsafe_takeover	: 1;
 
+	/* members set by emit */
+	unsigned int		backlog			: 1;
+
 	/* members set by acquire */
 	struct printk_buffers	*pbufs;
 	u64			seq;
 };
 
+/**
+ * struct nbcon_write_context - Context handed to the nbcon write callbacks
+ * @ctxt:		The core console context
+ * @outbuf:		Pointer to the text buffer for output
+ * @len:		Length to write
+ * @unsafe_takeover:	If a hostile takeover in an unsafe state has occurred
+ */
+struct nbcon_write_context {
+	struct nbcon_context	__private ctxt;
+	char			*outbuf;
+	unsigned int		len;
+	bool			unsafe_takeover;
+};
+
 /**
  * struct console - The console descriptor structure
  * @name:		The name of the console driver
@@ -277,6 +295,7 @@ struct nbcon_context {
  * @data:		Driver private data
  * @node:		hlist node for the console list
  *
+ * @write_atomic:	Write callback for atomic context
  * @nbcon_state:	State for nbcon consoles
  * @nbcon_seq:		Sequence number of the next record for nbcon to print
  * @pbufs:		Pointer to nbcon private buffer
@@ -301,6 +320,8 @@ struct console {
 	struct hlist_node	node;
 
 	/* nbcon console specific members */
+	bool			(*write_atomic)(struct console *con,
+						struct nbcon_write_context *wctxt);
 	atomic_t		__private nbcon_state;
 	atomic_long_t		__private nbcon_seq;
 	struct printk_buffers	*pbufs;

kernel/printk/internal.h

@@ -130,3 +130,9 @@ struct printk_message {
 };
 
 bool other_cpu_in_panic(void);
+bool printk_get_next_message(struct printk_message *pmsg, u64 seq,
+			     bool is_extended, bool may_supress);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+void console_prepend_dropped(struct printk_message *pmsg, unsigned long dropped);
+#endif

kernel/printk/nbcon.c

@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ void nbcon_seq_force(struct console *con, u64 seq)
  * nbcon_seq_force() was used or the current context no longer owns the
  * console. In the later case, it will stop printing anyway.
  */
-__maybe_unused
 static void nbcon_seq_try_update(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, u64 new_seq)
 {
 	unsigned long nbcon_seq = __seq_to_nbcon_seq(ctxt->seq);
@@ -755,7 +754,6 @@ static bool nbcon_context_can_proceed(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, struct nbcon_s
  *
  * Internal helper to avoid duplicated code.
  */
-__maybe_unused
 static bool __nbcon_context_update_unsafe(struct nbcon_context *ctxt, bool unsafe)
 {
 	struct console *con = ctxt->console;
@@ -784,6 +782,110 @@ out:
 	return nbcon_context_can_proceed(ctxt, &cur);
 }
 
+/**
+ * nbcon_emit_next_record - Emit a record in the acquired context
+ * @wctxt:	The write context that will be handed to the write function
+ *
+ * Return:	True if this context still owns the console. False if
+ *		ownership was handed over or taken.
+ *
+ * When this function returns false then the calling context no longer owns
+ * the console and is no longer allowed to go forward. In this case it must
+ * back out immediately and carefully. The buffer content is also no longer
+ * trusted since it no longer belongs to the calling context. If the caller
+ * wants to do more it must reacquire the console first.
+ *
+ * When true is returned, @wctxt->ctxt.backlog indicates whether there are
+ * still records pending in the ringbuffer,
+ */
+__maybe_unused
+static bool nbcon_emit_next_record(struct nbcon_write_context *wctxt)
+{
+	struct nbcon_context *ctxt = &ACCESS_PRIVATE(wctxt, ctxt);
+	struct console *con = ctxt->console;
+	bool is_extended = console_srcu_read_flags(con) & CON_EXTENDED;
+	struct printk_message pmsg = {
+		.pbufs = ctxt->pbufs,
+	};
+	unsigned long con_dropped;
+	struct nbcon_state cur;
+	unsigned long dropped;
+	bool done;
+
+	/*
+	 * The printk buffers are filled within an unsafe section. This
+	 * prevents NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL and NBCON_PRIO_EMERGENCY from
+	 * clobbering each other.
+	 */
+
+	if (!nbcon_context_enter_unsafe(ctxt))
+		return false;
+
+	ctxt->backlog = printk_get_next_message(&pmsg, ctxt->seq, is_extended, true);
+	if (!ctxt->backlog)
+		return nbcon_context_exit_unsafe(ctxt);
+
+	/*
+	 * @con->dropped is not protected in case of an unsafe hostile
+	 * takeover. In that situation the update can be racy so
+	 * annotate it accordingly.
+	 */
+	con_dropped = data_race(READ_ONCE(con->dropped));
+
+	dropped = con_dropped + pmsg.dropped;
+	if (dropped && !is_extended)
+		console_prepend_dropped(&pmsg, dropped);
+
+	if (!nbcon_context_exit_unsafe(ctxt))
+		return false;
+
+	/* For skipped records just update seq/dropped in @con. */
+	if (pmsg.outbuf_len == 0)
+		goto update_con;
+
+	/* Initialize the write context for driver callbacks. */
+	wctxt->outbuf = &pmsg.pbufs->outbuf[0];
+	wctxt->len = pmsg.outbuf_len;
+	nbcon_state_read(con, &cur);
+	wctxt->unsafe_takeover = cur.unsafe_takeover;
+
+	if (con->write_atomic) {
+		done = con->write_atomic(con, wctxt);
+	} else {
+		nbcon_context_release(ctxt);
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		done = false;
+	}
+
+	/* If not done, the emit was aborted. */
+	if (!done)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since any dropped message was successfully output, reset the
+	 * dropped count for the console.
+	 */
+	dropped = 0;
+update_con:
+	/*
+	 * The dropped count and the sequence number are updated within an
+	 * unsafe section. This limits update races to the panic context and
+	 * allows the panic context to win.
+	 */
+
+	if (!nbcon_context_enter_unsafe(ctxt))
+		return false;
+
+	if (dropped != con_dropped) {
+		/* Counterpart to the READ_ONCE() above. */
+		WRITE_ONCE(con->dropped, dropped);
+	}
+
+	nbcon_seq_try_update(ctxt, pmsg.seq + 1);
+
+	return nbcon_context_exit_unsafe(ctxt);
+}
+
 /**
  * nbcon_alloc - Allocate buffers needed by the nbcon console
  * @con:	Console to allocate buffers for

kernel/printk/printk.c

@@ -698,9 +698,6 @@ out:
 	return len;
 }
 
-static bool printk_get_next_message(struct printk_message *pmsg, u64 seq,
-				    bool is_extended, bool may_supress);
-
 /* /dev/kmsg - userspace message inject/listen interface */
 struct devkmsg_user {
 	atomic64_t seq;
@@ -2733,7 +2730,7 @@ static void __console_unlock(void)
  * If @pmsg->pbufs->outbuf is modified, @pmsg->outbuf_len is updated.
  */
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
-static void console_prepend_dropped(struct printk_message *pmsg, unsigned long dropped)
+void console_prepend_dropped(struct printk_message *pmsg, unsigned long dropped)
 {
 	struct printk_buffers *pbufs = pmsg->pbufs;
 	const size_t scratchbuf_sz = sizeof(pbufs->scratchbuf);
@@ -2787,8 +2784,8 @@ static void console_prepend_dropped(struct printk_message *pmsg, unsigned long d
  * of @pmsg are valid. (See the documentation of struct printk_message
  * for information about the @pmsg fields.)
  */
-static bool printk_get_next_message(struct printk_message *pmsg, u64 seq,
-				    bool is_extended, bool may_suppress)
+bool printk_get_next_message(struct printk_message *pmsg, u64 seq,
+			     bool is_extended, bool may_suppress)
 {
 	static int panic_console_dropped;