From 0f22ad45f47cca1f0fd564c7bf4a28f481b95f10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Florian Fainelli Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2021 13:24:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Documentation: networking: switchdev: clarify device driver behavior This patch provides details on the expected behavior of switchdev enabled network devices when operating in a "stand alone" mode, as well as when being bridge members. This clarifies a number of things that recently came up during a bug fixing session on the b53 DSA switch driver. Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli Signed-off-by: Vladimir Oltean Reviewed-by: Andrew Lunn Reviewed-by: Ido Schimmel Signed-off-by: David S. Miller --- Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst | 152 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 152 insertions(+) diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst index ddc3f35775dc..016531a3d471 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst @@ -385,3 +385,155 @@ The driver can monitor for updates to arp_tbl using the netevent notifier NETEVENT_NEIGH_UPDATE. The device can be programmed with resolved nexthops for the routes as arp_tbl updates. The driver implements ndo_neigh_destroy to know when arp_tbl neighbor entries are purged from the port. + +Device driver expected behavior +------------------------------- + +Below is a set of defined behavior that switchdev enabled network devices must +adhere to. + +Configuration-less state +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Upon driver bring up, the network devices must be fully operational, and the +backing driver must configure the network device such that it is possible to +send and receive traffic to this network device and it is properly separated +from other network devices/ports (e.g.: as is frequent with a switch ASIC). How +this is achieved is heavily hardware dependent, but a simple solution can be to +use per-port VLAN identifiers unless a better mechanism is available +(proprietary metadata for each network port for instance). + +The network device must be capable of running a full IP protocol stack +including multicast, DHCP, IPv4/6, etc. If necessary, it should program the +appropriate filters for VLAN, multicast, unicast etc. The underlying device +driver must effectively be configured in a similar fashion to what it would do +when IGMP snooping is enabled for IP multicast over these switchdev network +devices and unsolicited multicast must be filtered as early as possible in +the hardware. + +When configuring VLANs on top of the network device, all VLANs must be working, +irrespective of the state of other network devices (e.g.: other ports being part +of a VLAN-aware bridge doing ingress VID checking). See below for details. + +If the device implements e.g.: VLAN filtering, putting the interface in +promiscuous mode should allow the reception of all VLAN tags (including those +not present in the filter(s)). + +Bridged switch ports +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When a switchdev enabled network device is added as a bridge member, it should +not disrupt any functionality of non-bridged network devices and they +should continue to behave as normal network devices. Depending on the bridge +configuration knobs below, the expected behavior is documented. + +Bridge VLAN filtering +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The Linux bridge allows the configuration of a VLAN filtering mode (statically, +at device creation time, and dynamically, during run time) which must be +observed by the underlying switchdev network device/hardware: + +- with VLAN filtering turned off: the bridge is strictly VLAN unaware and its + data path will process all Ethernet frames as if they are VLAN-untagged. + The bridge VLAN database can still be modified, but the modifications should + have no effect while VLAN filtering is turned off. Frames ingressing the + device with a VID that is not programmed into the bridge/switch's VLAN table + must be forwarded and may be processed using a VLAN device (see below). + +- with VLAN filtering turned on: the bridge is VLAN-aware and frames ingressing + the device with a VID that is not programmed into the bridges/switch's VLAN + table must be dropped (strict VID checking). + +When there is a VLAN device (e.g: sw0p1.100) configured on top of a switchdev +network device which is a bridge port member, the behavior of the software +network stack must be preserved, or the configuration must be refused if that +is not possible. + +- with VLAN filtering turned off, the bridge will process all ingress traffic + for the port, except for the traffic tagged with a VLAN ID destined for a + VLAN upper. The VLAN upper interface (which consumes the VLAN tag) can even + be added to a second bridge, which includes other switch ports or software + interfaces. Some approaches to ensure that the forwarding domain for traffic + belonging to the VLAN upper interfaces are managed properly: + * If forwarding destinations can be managed per VLAN, the hardware could be + configured to map all traffic, except the packets tagged with a VID + belonging to a VLAN upper interface, to an internal VID corresponding to + untagged packets. This internal VID spans all ports of the VLAN-unaware + bridge. The VID corresponding to the VLAN upper interface spans the + physical port of that VLAN interface, as well as the other ports that + might be bridged with it. + * Treat bridge ports with VLAN upper interfaces as standalone, and let + forwarding be handled in the software data path. + +- with VLAN filtering turned on, these VLAN devices can be created as long as + the bridge does not have an existing VLAN entry with the same VID on any + bridge port. These VLAN devices cannot be enslaved into the bridge since they + duplicate functionality/use case with the bridge's VLAN data path processing. + +Non-bridged network ports of the same switch fabric must not be disturbed in any +way by the enabling of VLAN filtering on the bridge device(s). If the VLAN +filtering setting is global to the entire chip, then the standalone ports +should indicate to the network stack that VLAN filtering is required by setting +'rx-vlan-filter: on [fixed]' in the ethtool features. + +Because VLAN filtering can be turned on/off at runtime, the switchdev driver +must be able to reconfigure the underlying hardware on the fly to honor the +toggling of that option and behave appropriately. If that is not possible, the +switchdev driver can also refuse to support dynamic toggling of the VLAN +filtering knob at runtime and require a destruction of the bridge device(s) and +creation of new bridge device(s) with a different VLAN filtering value to +ensure VLAN awareness is pushed down to the hardware. + +Even when VLAN filtering in the bridge is turned off, the underlying switch +hardware and driver may still configure itself in a VLAN-aware mode provided +that the behavior described above is observed. + +The VLAN protocol of the bridge plays a role in deciding whether a packet is +treated as tagged or not: a bridge using the 802.1ad protocol must treat both +VLAN-untagged packets, as well as packets tagged with 802.1Q headers, as +untagged. + +The 802.1p (VID 0) tagged packets must be treated in the same way by the device +as untagged packets, since the bridge device does not allow the manipulation of +VID 0 in its database. + +When the bridge has VLAN filtering enabled and a PVID is not configured on the +ingress port, untagged 802.1p tagged packets must be dropped. When the bridge +has VLAN filtering enabled and a PVID exists on the ingress port, untagged and +priority-tagged packets must be accepted and forwarded according to the +bridge's port membership of the PVID VLAN. When the bridge has VLAN filtering +disabled, the presence/lack of a PVID should not influence the packet +forwarding decision. + +Bridge IGMP snooping +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The Linux bridge allows the configuration of IGMP snooping (statically, at +interface creation time, or dynamically, during runtime) which must be observed +by the underlying switchdev network device/hardware in the following way: + +- when IGMP snooping is turned off, multicast traffic must be flooded to all + ports within the same bridge that have mcast_flood=true. The CPU/management + port should ideally not be flooded (unless the ingress interface has + IFF_ALLMULTI or IFF_PROMISC) and continue to learn multicast traffic through + the network stack notifications. If the hardware is not capable of doing that + then the CPU/management port must also be flooded and multicast filtering + happens in software. + +- when IGMP snooping is turned on, multicast traffic must selectively flow + to the appropriate network ports (including CPU/management port). Flooding of + unknown multicast should be only towards the ports connected to a multicast + router (the local device may also act as a multicast router). + +The switch must adhere to RFC 4541 and flood multicast traffic accordingly +since that is what the Linux bridge implementation does. + +Because IGMP snooping can be turned on/off at runtime, the switchdev driver +must be able to reconfigure the underlying hardware on the fly to honor the +toggling of that option and behave appropriately. + +A switchdev driver can also refuse to support dynamic toggling of the multicast +snooping knob at runtime and require the destruction of the bridge device(s) +and creation of a new bridge device(s) with a different multicast snooping +value.