diff --git a/include/linux/ref_tracker.h b/include/linux/ref_tracker.h
index 19a69e7809d6..8eac4f3d5254 100644
--- a/include/linux/ref_tracker.h
+++ b/include/linux/ref_tracker.h
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ void ref_tracker_dir_print_locked(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 void ref_tracker_dir_print(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 			   unsigned int display_limit);
 
+int ref_tracker_dir_snprint(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir, char *buf, size_t size);
+
 int ref_tracker_alloc(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 		      struct ref_tracker **trackerp, gfp_t gfp);
 
@@ -74,6 +76,12 @@ static inline void ref_tracker_dir_print(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 {
 }
 
+static inline int ref_tracker_dir_snprint(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
+					  char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline int ref_tracker_alloc(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 				    struct ref_tracker **trackerp,
 				    gfp_t gfp)
diff --git a/lib/ref_tracker.c b/lib/ref_tracker.c
index 2ffe79c90c17..cce4614b0794 100644
--- a/lib/ref_tracker.c
+++ b/lib/ref_tracker.c
@@ -62,8 +62,27 @@ ref_tracker_get_stats(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir, unsigned int limit)
 	return stats;
 }
 
-void ref_tracker_dir_print_locked(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
-				  unsigned int display_limit)
+struct ostream {
+	char *buf;
+	int size, used;
+};
+
+#define pr_ostream(stream, fmt, args...) \
+({ \
+	struct ostream *_s = (stream); \
+\
+	if (!_s->buf) { \
+		pr_err(fmt, ##args); \
+	} else { \
+		int ret, len = _s->size - _s->used; \
+		ret = snprintf(_s->buf + _s->used, len, pr_fmt(fmt), ##args); \
+		_s->used += min(ret, len); \
+	} \
+})
+
+static void
+__ref_tracker_dir_pr_ostream(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
+			     unsigned int display_limit, struct ostream *s)
 {
 	struct ref_tracker_dir_stats *stats;
 	unsigned int i = 0, skipped;
@@ -77,8 +96,8 @@ void ref_tracker_dir_print_locked(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 
 	stats = ref_tracker_get_stats(dir, display_limit);
 	if (IS_ERR(stats)) {
-		pr_err("%s@%pK: couldn't get stats, error %pe\n",
-		       dir->name, dir, stats);
+		pr_ostream(s, "%s@%pK: couldn't get stats, error %pe\n",
+			   dir->name, dir, stats);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -88,19 +107,27 @@ void ref_tracker_dir_print_locked(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 		stack = stats->stacks[i].stack_handle;
 		if (sbuf && !stack_depot_snprint(stack, sbuf, STACK_BUF_SIZE, 4))
 			sbuf[0] = 0;
-		pr_err("%s@%pK has %d/%d users at\n%s\n", dir->name, dir,
-		       stats->stacks[i].count, stats->total, sbuf);
+		pr_ostream(s, "%s@%pK has %d/%d users at\n%s\n", dir->name, dir,
+			   stats->stacks[i].count, stats->total, sbuf);
 		skipped -= stats->stacks[i].count;
 	}
 
 	if (skipped)
-		pr_err("%s@%pK skipped reports about %d/%d users.\n",
-		       dir->name, dir, skipped, stats->total);
+		pr_ostream(s, "%s@%pK skipped reports about %d/%d users.\n",
+			   dir->name, dir, skipped, stats->total);
 
 	kfree(sbuf);
 
 	kfree(stats);
 }
+
+void ref_tracker_dir_print_locked(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
+				  unsigned int display_limit)
+{
+	struct ostream os = {};
+
+	__ref_tracker_dir_pr_ostream(dir, display_limit, &os);
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ref_tracker_dir_print_locked);
 
 void ref_tracker_dir_print(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
@@ -114,6 +141,19 @@ void ref_tracker_dir_print(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ref_tracker_dir_print);
 
+int ref_tracker_dir_snprint(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	struct ostream os = { .buf = buf, .size = size };
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&dir->lock, flags);
+	__ref_tracker_dir_pr_ostream(dir, 16, &os);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dir->lock, flags);
+
+	return os.used;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(ref_tracker_dir_snprint);
+
 void ref_tracker_dir_exit(struct ref_tracker_dir *dir)
 {
 	struct ref_tracker *tracker, *n;