diff --git a/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c b/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c
index c6907d533fe8..e71ef97d0a7c 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c
@@ -1336,8 +1336,17 @@ static struct btrfs_root *btrfs_get_root_ref(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
 again:
 	root = btrfs_lookup_fs_root(fs_info, objectid);
 	if (root) {
-		/* Shouldn't get preallocated anon_dev for cached roots */
-		ASSERT(!anon_dev);
+		/*
+		 * Some other caller may have read out the newly inserted
+		 * subvolume already (for things like backref walk etc).  Not
+		 * that common but still possible.  In that case, we just need
+		 * to free the anon_dev.
+		 */
+		if (unlikely(anon_dev)) {
+			free_anon_bdev(anon_dev);
+			anon_dev = 0;
+		}
+
 		if (check_ref && btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) == 0) {
 			btrfs_put_root(root);
 			return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
diff --git a/fs/btrfs/ioctl.c b/fs/btrfs/ioctl.c
index dfed9dd9c2d7..ac3316e0d11c 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/ioctl.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/ioctl.c
@@ -3815,6 +3815,11 @@ static long btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_create(struct file *file, void __user *arg)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	if (sa->create && is_fstree(sa->qgroupid)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
 	if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
diff --git a/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c b/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c
index 63b426cc7798..5470e1cdf10c 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/qgroup.c
@@ -1736,6 +1736,15 @@ int btrfs_create_qgroup(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, u64 qgroupid)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static bool qgroup_has_usage(struct btrfs_qgroup *qgroup)
+{
+	return (qgroup->rfer > 0 || qgroup->rfer_cmpr > 0 ||
+		qgroup->excl > 0 || qgroup->excl_cmpr > 0 ||
+		qgroup->rsv.values[BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_DATA] > 0 ||
+		qgroup->rsv.values[BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_META_PREALLOC] > 0 ||
+		qgroup->rsv.values[BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_META_PERTRANS] > 0);
+}
+
 int btrfs_remove_qgroup(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, u64 qgroupid)
 {
 	struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
@@ -1755,6 +1764,11 @@ int btrfs_remove_qgroup(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, u64 qgroupid)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	if (is_fstree(qgroupid) && qgroup_has_usage(qgroup)) {
+		ret = -EBUSY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	/* Check if there are no children of this qgroup */
 	if (!list_empty(&qgroup->members)) {
 		ret = -EBUSY;
diff --git a/fs/btrfs/send.c b/fs/btrfs/send.c
index 2d7519a6ce72..7902298c1f25 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/send.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/send.c
@@ -8111,7 +8111,7 @@ long btrfs_ioctl_send(struct inode *inode, struct btrfs_ioctl_send_args *arg)
 	}
 
 	if (arg->flags & ~BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_MASK) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
+		ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
 		goto out;
 	}