diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/Makefile b/fs/bcachefs/Makefile
index ed550a40463e..b81268418174 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/Makefile
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ bcachefs-y		:=	\
 	reflink.o		\
 	replicas.o		\
 	sb-clean.o		\
+	sb-downgrade.o		\
 	sb-errors.o		\
 	sb-members.o		\
 	siphash.o		\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
index bd5af516994a..fe78e87603fc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
@@ -1220,7 +1220,8 @@ struct bch_sb_field {
 	x(counters,			10)	\
 	x(members_v2,			11)	\
 	x(errors,			12)	\
-	x(ext,				13)
+	x(ext,				13)	\
+	x(downgrade,			14)
 
 enum bch_sb_field_type {
 #define x(f, nr)	BCH_SB_FIELD_##f = nr,
@@ -1638,6 +1639,18 @@ struct bch_sb_field_ext {
 	__le64			errors_silent[8];
 };
 
+struct bch_sb_field_downgrade_entry {
+	__le16			version;
+	__le64			recovery_passes[2];
+	__le16			nr_errors;
+	__le16			errors[] __counted_by(nr_errors);
+} __packed __aligned(2);
+
+struct bch_sb_field_downgrade {
+	struct bch_sb_field	field;
+	struct bch_sb_field_downgrade_entry entries[];
+};
+
 /* Superblock: */
 
 /*
@@ -1651,6 +1664,11 @@ struct bch_sb_field_ext {
 
 #define RECOVERY_PASS_ALL_FSCK		(1ULL << 63)
 
+/*
+ * field 1:		version name
+ * field 2:		BCH_VERSION(major, minor)
+ * field 3:		recovery passess required on upgrade
+ */
 #define BCH_METADATA_VERSIONS()						\
 	x(bkey_renumber,		BCH_VERSION(0, 10),		\
 	  RECOVERY_PASS_ALL_FSCK)					\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/errcode.h b/fs/bcachefs/errcode.h
index 79327b5cec50..9ce29681eec9 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/errcode.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/errcode.h
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
 	x(ENOSPC,			ENOSPC_sb_members)			\
 	x(ENOSPC,			ENOSPC_sb_members_v2)			\
 	x(ENOSPC,			ENOSPC_sb_crypt)			\
+	x(ENOSPC,			ENOSPC_sb_downgrade)			\
 	x(ENOSPC,			ENOSPC_btree_slot)			\
 	x(ENOSPC,			ENOSPC_snapshot_tree)			\
 	x(ENOENT,			ENOENT_bkey_type_mismatch)		\
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@
 	x(BCH_ERR_invalid_sb,		invalid_sb_errors)			\
 	x(BCH_ERR_invalid_sb,		invalid_sb_opt_compression)		\
 	x(BCH_ERR_invalid_sb,		invalid_sb_ext)				\
+	x(BCH_ERR_invalid_sb,		invalid_sb_downgrade)			\
 	x(BCH_ERR_invalid,		invalid_bkey)				\
 	x(BCH_ERR_operation_blocked,    nocow_lock_blocked)			\
 	x(EIO,				btree_node_read_err)			\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
index b9c84e8cf3fd..5cf7d0532002 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "recovery.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "sb-clean.h"
+#include "sb-downgrade.h"
 #include "snapshot.h"
 #include "subvolume.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
@@ -744,6 +745,27 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 			printbuf_exit(&buf);
 		}
 
+		if (bch2_check_version_downgrade(c)) {
+			struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+
+			prt_str(&buf, "Version downgrade required:\n");
+
+			__le64 passes = ext->recovery_passes_required[0];
+			bch2_sb_set_downgrade(c,
+					BCH_VERSION_MINOR(bcachefs_metadata_version_current),
+					BCH_VERSION_MINOR(c->sb.version));
+			passes = ext->recovery_passes_required[0] & ~passes;
+			if (passes) {
+				prt_str(&buf, "  running recovery passes: ");
+				prt_bitflags(&buf, bch2_recovery_passes,
+					     bch2_recovery_passes_from_stable(le64_to_cpu(passes)));
+			}
+
+			bch_info(c, "%s", buf.buf);
+			printbuf_exit(&buf);
+			write_sb = true;
+		}
+
 		if (check_version_upgrade(c))
 			write_sb = true;
 
@@ -1022,7 +1044,7 @@ int bch2_fs_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 	c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] |= cpu_to_le64(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_extents_above_btree_updates_done);
 	c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] |= cpu_to_le64(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_bformat_overflow_done);
 
-	bch2_sb_maybe_downgrade(c);
+	bch2_check_version_downgrade(c);
 
 	if (c->opts.version_upgrade != BCH_VERSION_UPGRADE_none) {
 		bch2_sb_upgrade(c, bcachefs_metadata_version_current);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c b/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c
index e151ada1c8bd..c76ad8ea5e4a 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c
@@ -332,8 +332,6 @@ int bch2_fs_mark_dirty(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
 	SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, false);
-
-	bch2_sb_maybe_downgrade(c);
 	c->disk_sb.sb->features[0] |= cpu_to_le64(BCH_SB_FEATURES_ALWAYS);
 
 	ret = bch2_write_super(c);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4919237bbe73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+/*
+ * Superblock section that contains a list of recovery passes to run when
+ * downgrading past a given version
+ */
+
+#include "bcachefs.h"
+#include "darray.h"
+#include "recovery.h"
+#include "sb-downgrade.h"
+#include "sb-errors.h"
+#include "super-io.h"
+
+/*
+ * Downgrade table:
+ * When dowgrading past certain versions, we need to run certain recovery passes
+ * and fix certain errors:
+ *
+ * x(version, recovery_passes, errors...)
+ */
+
+#define DOWNGRADE_TABLE()
+
+struct downgrade_entry {
+	u64		recovery_passes;
+	u16		version;
+	u16		nr_errors;
+	const u16	*errors;
+};
+
+#define x(ver, passes, ...) static const u16 ver_##errors[] = { __VA_ARGS__ };
+DOWNGRADE_TABLE()
+#undef x
+
+static const struct downgrade_entry downgrade_table[] = {
+#define x(ver, passes, ...) {					\
+	.recovery_passes	= passes,			\
+	.version		= bcachefs_metadata_version_##ver,\
+	.nr_errors		= ARRAY_SIZE(ver_##errors),	\
+	.errors			= ver_##errors,			\
+},
+DOWNGRADE_TABLE()
+#undef x
+};
+
+static inline const struct bch_sb_field_downgrade_entry *
+downgrade_entry_next_c(const struct bch_sb_field_downgrade_entry *e)
+{
+	return (void *) &e->errors[le16_to_cpu(e->nr_errors)];
+}
+
+#define for_each_downgrade_entry(_d, _i)						\
+	for (const struct bch_sb_field_downgrade_entry *_i = (_d)->entries;		\
+	     (void *) _i	< vstruct_end(&(_d)->field) &&				\
+	     (void *) &_i->errors[0] < vstruct_end(&(_d)->field);			\
+	     _i = downgrade_entry_next_c(_i))
+
+static int bch2_sb_downgrade_validate(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_sb_field *f,
+				      struct printbuf *err)
+{
+	struct bch_sb_field_downgrade *e = field_to_type(f, downgrade);
+
+	for_each_downgrade_entry(e, i) {
+		if (BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(le16_to_cpu(i->version)) !=
+		    BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(le16_to_cpu(sb->version))) {
+			prt_printf(err, "downgrade entry with mismatched major version (%u != %u)",
+				   BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(le16_to_cpu(i->version)),
+				   BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(le16_to_cpu(sb->version)));
+			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_sb_downgrade;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void bch2_sb_downgrade_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
+				      struct bch_sb_field *f)
+{
+	struct bch_sb_field_downgrade *e = field_to_type(f, downgrade);
+
+	if (out->nr_tabstops <= 1)
+		printbuf_tabstop_push(out, 16);
+
+	for_each_downgrade_entry(e, i) {
+		prt_str(out, "version:");
+		prt_tab(out);
+		bch2_version_to_text(out, le16_to_cpu(i->version));
+		prt_newline(out);
+
+		prt_str(out, "recovery passes:");
+		prt_tab(out);
+		prt_bitflags(out, bch2_recovery_passes,
+			     bch2_recovery_passes_from_stable(le64_to_cpu(i->recovery_passes[0])));
+		prt_newline(out);
+
+		prt_str(out, "errors:");
+		prt_tab(out);
+		bool first = true;
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < le16_to_cpu(i->nr_errors); j++) {
+			if (!first)
+				prt_char(out, ',');
+			first = false;
+			unsigned e = le16_to_cpu(i->errors[j]);
+			prt_str(out, e < BCH_SB_ERR_MAX ? bch2_sb_error_strs[e] : "(unknown)");
+		}
+		prt_newline(out);
+	}
+}
+
+const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_downgrade = {
+	.validate	= bch2_sb_downgrade_validate,
+	.to_text	= bch2_sb_downgrade_to_text,
+};
+
+int bch2_sb_downgrade_update(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	darray_char table = {};
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	for (const struct downgrade_entry *src = downgrade_table;
+	     src < downgrade_table + ARRAY_SIZE(downgrade_table);
+	     src++) {
+		if (BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(src->version) != BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(le16_to_cpu(c->disk_sb.sb->version)))
+			continue;
+
+		struct bch_sb_field_downgrade_entry *dst;
+		unsigned bytes = sizeof(*dst) + sizeof(dst->errors[0]) * src->nr_errors;
+
+		ret = darray_make_room(&table, bytes);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+
+		dst = (void *) &darray_top(table);
+		dst->version = cpu_to_le16(src->version);
+		dst->recovery_passes[0]	= cpu_to_le64(src->recovery_passes);
+		dst->recovery_passes[1]	= 0;
+		dst->nr_errors		= cpu_to_le16(src->nr_errors);
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < src->nr_errors; i++)
+			dst->errors[i] = cpu_to_le16(src->errors[i]);
+
+		table.nr += bytes;
+	}
+
+	struct bch_sb_field_downgrade *d = bch2_sb_field_get(c->disk_sb.sb, downgrade);
+
+	unsigned sb_u64s = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(*d) + table.nr, sizeof(u64));
+
+	if (d && le32_to_cpu(d->field.u64s) > sb_u64s)
+		goto out;
+
+	d = bch2_sb_field_resize(&c->disk_sb, downgrade, sb_u64s);
+	if (!d) {
+		ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOSPC_sb_downgrade;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(d->entries, table.data, table.nr);
+	memset_u64s_tail(d->entries, 0, table.nr);
+out:
+	darray_exit(&table);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void bch2_sb_set_downgrade(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned new_minor, unsigned old_minor)
+{
+	struct bch_sb_field_downgrade *d = bch2_sb_field_get(c->disk_sb.sb, downgrade);
+	if (!d)
+		return;
+
+	struct bch_sb_field_ext *ext = bch2_sb_field_get(c->disk_sb.sb, ext);
+
+	for_each_downgrade_entry(d, i) {
+		unsigned minor = BCH_VERSION_MINOR(le16_to_cpu(i->version));
+		if (new_minor < minor && minor <= old_minor) {
+			ext->recovery_passes_required[0] |= i->recovery_passes[0];
+			ext->recovery_passes_required[1] |= i->recovery_passes[1];
+
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < le16_to_cpu(i->nr_errors); j++) {
+				unsigned e = le16_to_cpu(i->errors[j]);
+				if (e < BCH_SB_ERR_MAX)
+					__set_bit(e, c->sb.errors_silent);
+				if (e < sizeof(ext->errors_silent) * 8)
+					ext->errors_silent[e / 64] |= cpu_to_le64(BIT_ULL(e % 64));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.h b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc48fd2ca70e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _BCACHEFS_SB_DOWNGRADE_H
+#define _BCACHEFS_SB_DOWNGRADE_H
+
+extern const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_downgrade;
+
+int bch2_sb_downgrade_update(struct bch_fs *);
+void bch2_sb_set_downgrade(struct bch_fs *, unsigned, unsigned);
+
+#endif /* _BCACHEFS_SB_DOWNGRADE_H */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.c b/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.c
index caf7669db6a1..5f5bcae391fb 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.c
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ static void bch2_sb_error_id_to_text(struct printbuf *out, enum bch_sb_error_id
 
 static inline unsigned bch2_sb_field_errors_nr_entries(struct bch_sb_field_errors *e)
 {
-	return e
-		? (bch2_sb_field_bytes(&e->field) - sizeof(*e)) / sizeof(e->entries[0])
-		: 0;
+	return bch2_sb_field_nr_entries(e);
 }
 
 static inline unsigned bch2_sb_field_errors_u64s(unsigned nr)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
index e085d3b021e8..4c98d8cc2a79 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "quota.h"
 #include "sb-clean.h"
+#include "sb-downgrade.h"
 #include "sb-errors.h"
 #include "sb-members.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
@@ -939,6 +940,7 @@ int bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 	bch2_sb_members_from_cpu(c);
 	bch2_sb_members_cpy_v2_v1(&c->disk_sb);
 	bch2_sb_errors_from_cpu(c);
+	bch2_sb_downgrade_update(c);
 
 	for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
 		bch2_sb_from_fs(c, ca);
@@ -1062,8 +1064,10 @@ void __bch2_check_set_feature(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned feat)
 }
 
 /* Downgrade if superblock is at a higher version than currently supported: */
-void bch2_sb_maybe_downgrade(struct bch_fs *c)
+bool bch2_check_version_downgrade(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
+	bool ret = bcachefs_metadata_version_current < c->sb.version;
+
 	lockdep_assert_held(&c->sb_lock);
 
 	/*
@@ -1077,12 +1081,17 @@ void bch2_sb_maybe_downgrade(struct bch_fs *c)
 	if (c->sb.version_min > bcachefs_metadata_version_current)
 		c->disk_sb.sb->version_min = cpu_to_le16(bcachefs_metadata_version_current);
 	c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] &= cpu_to_le64((1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_NR) - 1);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_sb_upgrade(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned new_version)
 {
 	lockdep_assert_held(&c->sb_lock);
 
+	if (BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(new_version) >
+	    BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(le16_to_cpu(c->disk_sb.sb->version)))
+		bch2_sb_field_resize(&c->disk_sb, downgrade, 0);
+
 	c->disk_sb.sb->version = cpu_to_le16(new_version);
 	c->disk_sb.sb->features[0] |= cpu_to_le64(BCH_SB_FEATURES_ALL);
 }
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.h b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.h
index 589509ebe996..e41e5de531a0 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ static inline void bch2_check_set_feature(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned feat)
 		__bch2_check_set_feature(c, feat);
 }
 
-void bch2_sb_maybe_downgrade(struct bch_fs *);
+bool bch2_check_version_downgrade(struct bch_fs *);
 void bch2_sb_upgrade(struct bch_fs *, unsigned);
 
 void bch2_sb_field_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_sb *,