diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
index c47f72f2bd58..893e38f9db80 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
@@ -532,13 +532,13 @@ int bch2_bucket_gens_init(struct bch_fs *c)
 		u8 gen = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a)->gen;
 		unsigned offset;
 		struct bpos pos = alloc_gens_pos(iter.pos, &offset);
+		int ret2 = 0;
 
 		if (have_bucket_gens_key && bkey_cmp(iter.pos, pos)) {
-			ret = commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL,
-					BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
-				bch2_btree_insert_trans(trans, BTREE_ID_bucket_gens, &g.k_i, 0));
-			if (ret)
-				break;
+			ret2 =  bch2_btree_insert_trans(trans, BTREE_ID_bucket_gens, &g.k_i, 0) ?:
+				bch2_trans_commit(trans, NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc);
+			if (ret2)
+				goto iter_err;
 			have_bucket_gens_key = false;
 		}
 
@@ -549,7 +549,8 @@ int bch2_bucket_gens_init(struct bch_fs *c)
 		}
 
 		g.v.gens[offset] = gen;
-		0;
+iter_err:
+		ret2;
 	}));
 
 	if (have_bucket_gens_key && !ret)
@@ -852,7 +853,7 @@ int bch2_trigger_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
 					bucket_journal_seq);
 			if (ret) {
 				bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
-					"error setting bucket_needs_journal_commit: %i", ret);
+					"setting bucket_needs_journal_commit: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 				return ret;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_foreground.c b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_foreground.c
index ca58193dd902..214b15c84d1f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_foreground.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_foreground.c
@@ -1356,15 +1356,17 @@ retry:
 
 		/* Don't retry from all devices if we're out of open buckets: */
 		if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_open_buckets_empty)) {
-			int ret = open_bucket_add_buckets(trans, &ptrs, wp, devs_have,
+			int ret2 = open_bucket_add_buckets(trans, &ptrs, wp, devs_have,
 					      target, erasure_code,
 					      nr_replicas, &nr_effective,
 					      &have_cache, watermark,
 					      flags, cl);
-			if (!ret ||
-			    bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart) ||
-			    bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_open_buckets_empty))
+			if (!ret2 ||
+			    bch2_err_matches(ret2, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart) ||
+			    bch2_err_matches(ret2, BCH_ERR_open_buckets_empty)) {
+				ret = ret2;
 				goto alloc_done;
+			}
 		}
 
 		/*
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h
index 339dc3e1dcd3..799aa32b6b4d 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h
@@ -849,6 +849,8 @@ struct bch_fs {
 	struct workqueue_struct	*btree_interior_update_worker;
 	struct work_struct	btree_interior_update_work;
 
+	struct workqueue_struct	*btree_node_rewrite_worker;
+
 	struct list_head	pending_node_rewrites;
 	struct mutex		pending_node_rewrites_lock;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 584aee7010de..bdaed29f084a 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -1392,11 +1392,11 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 					 *old,
 					 b->data_type);
 	gc = *b;
-	percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
 	if (gc.data_type != old_gc.data_type ||
 	    gc.dirty_sectors != old_gc.dirty_sectors)
 		bch2_dev_usage_update_m(c, ca, &old_gc, &gc);
+	percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
 	if (metadata_only &&
 	    gc.data_type != BCH_DATA_sb &&
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
index 624c8287deb4..34df8ccc5fec 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 			ret = bset_encrypt(c, i, b->written << 9);
 			if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c,
-					"error decrypting btree node: %i", ret))
+					"decrypting btree node: %s", bch2_err_str(ret)))
 				goto fsck_err;
 
 			btree_err_on(btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_node_type(b)) &&
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 			ret = bset_encrypt(c, i, b->written << 9);
 			if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c,
-					"error decrypting btree node: %i\n", ret))
+					"decrypting btree node: %s", bch2_err_str(ret)))
 				goto fsck_err;
 
 			sectors = vstruct_sectors(bne, c->block_bits);
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ start:
 	if (saw_error && !btree_node_read_error(b)) {
 		printbuf_reset(&buf);
 		bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->key.k.p);
-		bch_info(c, "%s: rewriting btree node at btree=%s level=%u %s due to error",
+		bch_err_ratelimited(c, "%s: rewriting btree node at btree=%s level=%u %s due to error",
 			 __func__, bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level, buf.buf);
 
 		bch2_btree_node_rewrite_async(c, b);
@@ -1874,8 +1874,8 @@ out:
 	return;
 err:
 	set_btree_node_noevict(b);
-	if (!bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
-		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "fatal error writing btree node: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+	bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(!bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS), c,
+			     "writing btree node: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 	goto out;
 }
 
@@ -2131,7 +2131,7 @@ do_write:
 
 	ret = bset_encrypt(c, i, b->written << 9);
 	if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c,
-			"error encrypting btree node: %i\n", ret))
+			"encrypting btree node: %s", bch2_err_str(ret)))
 		goto err;
 
 	nonce = btree_nonce(i, b->written << 9);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c
index 8a71d43444b9..581edcb0911b 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ static int btree_key_cache_flush_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			     !bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart) &&
 			     !bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_journal_reclaim_would_deadlock) &&
 			     !bch2_journal_error(j), c,
-			     "error flushing key cache: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+			     "flushing key cache: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
index 642213ef9f79..b2f5f2e50f7e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ static void btree_update_nodes_written(struct btree_update *as)
 	bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
 
 	bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret && !bch2_journal_error(&c->journal), c,
-			     "%s(): error %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+			     "%s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 err:
 	if (as->b) {
 
@@ -1067,13 +1067,18 @@ bch2_btree_update_start(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
 	flags &= ~BCH_WATERMARK_MASK;
 	flags |= watermark;
 
-	if (!(flags & BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_journal_reclaim) &&
-	    watermark < c->journal.watermark) {
+	if (watermark < c->journal.watermark) {
 		struct journal_res res = { 0 };
+		unsigned journal_flags = watermark|JOURNAL_RES_GET_CHECK;
+
+		if ((flags & BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_journal_reclaim) &&
+		    watermark != BCH_WATERMARK_reclaim)
+			journal_flags |= JOURNAL_RES_GET_NONBLOCK;
 
 		ret = drop_locks_do(trans,
-			bch2_journal_res_get(&c->journal, &res, 1,
-					     watermark|JOURNAL_RES_GET_CHECK));
+			bch2_journal_res_get(&c->journal, &res, 1, journal_flags));
+		if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_operation_blocked))
+			ret = -BCH_ERR_journal_reclaim_would_deadlock;
 		if (ret)
 			return ERR_PTR(ret);
 	}
@@ -1117,6 +1122,7 @@ bch2_btree_update_start(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
 	closure_init(&as->cl, NULL);
 	as->c		= c;
 	as->start_time	= start_time;
+	as->ip_started	= _RET_IP_;
 	as->mode	= BTREE_INTERIOR_NO_UPDATE;
 	as->took_gc_lock = true;
 	as->btree_id	= path->btree_id;
@@ -1192,7 +1198,8 @@ bch2_btree_update_start(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
 err:
 	bch2_btree_update_free(as, trans);
 	if (!bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOSPC) &&
-	    !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
+	    !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS) &&
+	    ret != -BCH_ERR_journal_reclaim_would_deadlock)
 		bch_err_fn_ratelimited(c, ret);
 	return ERR_PTR(ret);
 }
@@ -2114,7 +2121,7 @@ static void async_btree_node_rewrite_work(struct work_struct *work)
 
 	ret = bch2_trans_do(c, NULL, NULL, 0,
 		      async_btree_node_rewrite_trans(trans, a));
-	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
+	bch_err_fn_ratelimited(c, ret);
 	bch2_write_ref_put(c, BCH_WRITE_REF_node_rewrite);
 	kfree(a);
 }
@@ -2161,7 +2168,7 @@ void bch2_btree_node_rewrite_async(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
 		bch2_write_ref_get(c, BCH_WRITE_REF_node_rewrite);
 	}
 
-	queue_work(c->btree_interior_update_worker, &a->work);
+	queue_work(c->btree_node_rewrite_worker, &a->work);
 }
 
 void bch2_do_pending_node_rewrites(struct bch_fs *c)
@@ -2173,7 +2180,7 @@ void bch2_do_pending_node_rewrites(struct bch_fs *c)
 		list_del(&a->list);
 
 		bch2_write_ref_get(c, BCH_WRITE_REF_node_rewrite);
-		queue_work(c->btree_interior_update_worker, &a->work);
+		queue_work(c->btree_node_rewrite_worker, &a->work);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&c->pending_node_rewrites_lock);
 }
@@ -2441,12 +2448,12 @@ void bch2_btree_updates_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c)
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->btree_interior_update_lock);
 	list_for_each_entry(as, &c->btree_interior_update_list, list)
-		prt_printf(out, "%p m %u w %u r %u j %llu\n",
-		       as,
-		       as->mode,
-		       as->nodes_written,
-		       closure_nr_remaining(&as->cl),
-		       as->journal.seq);
+		prt_printf(out, "%ps: mode=%u nodes_written=%u cl.remaining=%u journal_seq=%llu\n",
+			   (void *) as->ip_started,
+			   as->mode,
+			   as->nodes_written,
+			   closure_nr_remaining(&as->cl),
+			   as->journal.seq);
 	mutex_unlock(&c->btree_interior_update_lock);
 }
 
@@ -2510,6 +2517,8 @@ bch2_btree_roots_to_journal_entries(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 void bch2_fs_btree_interior_update_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
+	if (c->btree_node_rewrite_worker)
+		destroy_workqueue(c->btree_node_rewrite_worker);
 	if (c->btree_interior_update_worker)
 		destroy_workqueue(c->btree_interior_update_worker);
 	mempool_exit(&c->btree_interior_update_pool);
@@ -2534,6 +2543,11 @@ int bch2_fs_btree_interior_update_init(struct bch_fs *c)
 	if (!c->btree_interior_update_worker)
 		return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_btree_interior_update_worker_init;
 
+	c->btree_node_rewrite_worker =
+		alloc_ordered_workqueue("btree_node_rewrite", WQ_UNBOUND);
+	if (!c->btree_node_rewrite_worker)
+		return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_btree_interior_update_worker_init;
+
 	if (mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_interior_update_pool, 1,
 				      sizeof(struct btree_update)))
 		return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_btree_interior_update_pool_init;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.h b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.h
index 3439b03719c7..f651dd48aaa0 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ struct btree_update {
 	struct closure			cl;
 	struct bch_fs			*c;
 	u64				start_time;
+	unsigned long			ip_started;
 
 	struct list_head		list;
 	struct list_head		unwritten_list;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_write_buffer.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_write_buffer.c
index b77e7b382b66..5cbad8445782 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_write_buffer.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_write_buffer.c
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ static int bch2_btree_write_buffer_flush_locked(struct btree_trans *trans)
 		}
 	}
 err:
-	bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c, "%s: insert error %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+	bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c, "%s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 	trace_write_buffer_flush(trans, wb->flushing.keys.nr, skipped, fast, 0);
 	bch2_journal_pin_drop(j, &wb->flushing.pin);
 	wb->flushing.keys.nr = 0;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c b/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
index c2f46b267b3a..96edf2c34d43 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
@@ -990,8 +990,8 @@ static int __trigger_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 				ret = !gc
 					? bch2_update_cached_sectors_list(trans, p.ptr.dev, disk_sectors)
 					: update_cached_sectors(c, k, p.ptr.dev, disk_sectors, 0, true);
-				bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret && gc, c, "%s(): no replicas entry while updating cached sectors",
-						     __func__);
+				bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret && gc, c, "%s: no replicas entry while updating cached sectors",
+						     bch2_err_str(ret));
 				if (ret)
 					return ret;
 			}
@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ static int __trigger_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
 			bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
-			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "%s(): no replicas entry for %s", __func__, buf.buf);
+			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, ": no replicas entry for %s", buf.buf);
 			printbuf_exit(&buf);
 		}
 		if (ret)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/debug.c b/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
index b1f147e6be4d..208ce6f0fc43 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void __bch2_btree_verify(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
 		struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
-		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "btree node verify failed for : %s\n", buf.buf);
+		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, ": btree node verify failed for: %s\n", buf.buf);
 		printbuf_exit(&buf);
 	}
 out:
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/ec.c b/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
index b98e2c2b8bf0..082075244e16 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ int bch2_trigger_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
 			bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, new);
-			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf.buf);
+			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, ": no replicas entry for %s", buf.buf);
 			printbuf_exit(&buf);
 			return ret;
 		}
@@ -1868,10 +1868,10 @@ static int __bch2_ec_stripe_head_reuse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct ec_stri
 		return -BCH_ERR_stripe_alloc_blocked;
 
 	ret = get_stripe_key_trans(trans, idx, &h->s->existing_stripe);
+	bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart), c,
+			     "reading stripe key: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 	if (ret) {
 		bch2_stripe_close(c, h->s);
-		if (!bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart))
-			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "error reading stripe key: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 		return ret;
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/error.h b/fs/bcachefs/error.h
index 94491190e09e..ae1d6674c512 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/error.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/error.h
@@ -191,9 +191,9 @@ do {									\
 
 void bch2_fatal_error(struct bch_fs *);
 
-#define bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, ...)					\
+#define bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, _msg, ...)				\
 do {									\
-	bch_err(c, __VA_ARGS__);					\
+	bch_err(c, "%s(): fatal error " _msg, __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
 	bch2_fatal_error(c);						\
 } while (0)
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/extents.h b/fs/bcachefs/extents.h
index 6219f2c08e4c..fd2669cdd76f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/extents.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/extents.h
@@ -108,17 +108,17 @@ static inline void extent_entry_drop(struct bkey_s k, union bch_extent_entry *en
 
 static inline bool extent_entry_is_ptr(const union bch_extent_entry *e)
 {
-	return extent_entry_type(e) == BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_ptr;
+	return __extent_entry_type(e) == BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_ptr;
 }
 
 static inline bool extent_entry_is_stripe_ptr(const union bch_extent_entry *e)
 {
-	return extent_entry_type(e) == BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_stripe_ptr;
+	return __extent_entry_type(e) == BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_stripe_ptr;
 }
 
 static inline bool extent_entry_is_crc(const union bch_extent_entry *e)
 {
-	switch (extent_entry_type(e)) {
+	switch (__extent_entry_type(e)) {
 	case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_crc32:
 	case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_crc64:
 	case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_crc128:
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fs.c b/fs/bcachefs/fs.c
index 3f073845bbd7..0ccee05f6887 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fs.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fs.c
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ retry:
 		goto retry;
 
 	bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT), c,
-			     "inode %u:%llu not found when updating",
+			     "%s: inode %u:%llu not found when updating",
+			     bch2_err_str(ret),
 			     inode_inum(inode).subvol,
 			     inode_inum(inode).inum);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
index f48033be3f6b..47d4eefaba7b 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
@@ -1114,10 +1114,9 @@ int bch2_check_inodes(struct bch_fs *c)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int check_i_sectors(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
+static int check_i_sectors_notnested(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-	u32 restart_count = trans->restart_count;
 	int ret = 0;
 	s64 count2;
 
@@ -1149,7 +1148,14 @@ static int check_i_sectors(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
 	}
 fsck_err:
 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
-	return ret ?: trans_was_restarted(trans, restart_count);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int check_i_sectors(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
+{
+	u32 restart_count = trans->restart_count;
+	return check_i_sectors_notnested(trans, w) ?:
+		trans_was_restarted(trans, restart_count);
 }
 
 struct extent_end {
@@ -1533,7 +1539,7 @@ int bch2_check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 			check_extent(trans, &iter, k, &w, &s, &extent_ends) ?:
 			check_extent_overbig(trans, &iter, k);
 		})) ?:
-		check_i_sectors(trans, &w));
+		check_i_sectors_notnested(trans, &w));
 
 	bch2_disk_reservation_put(c, &res);
 	extent_ends_exit(&extent_ends);
@@ -1563,10 +1569,9 @@ int bch2_check_indirect_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int check_subdir_count(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
+static int check_subdir_count_notnested(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-	u32 restart_count = trans->restart_count;
 	int ret = 0;
 	s64 count2;
 
@@ -1598,7 +1603,14 @@ static int check_subdir_count(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
 	}
 fsck_err:
 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
-	return ret ?: trans_was_restarted(trans, restart_count);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int check_subdir_count(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
+{
+	u32 restart_count = trans->restart_count;
+	return check_subdir_count_notnested(trans, w) ?:
+		trans_was_restarted(trans, restart_count);
 }
 
 static int check_dirent_inode_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -2003,7 +2015,8 @@ int bch2_check_dirents(struct bch_fs *c)
 				k,
 				NULL, NULL,
 				BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
-			check_dirent(trans, &iter, k, &hash_info, &dir, &target, &s)));
+			check_dirent(trans, &iter, k, &hash_info, &dir, &target, &s)) ?:
+		check_subdir_count_notnested(trans, &dir));
 
 	snapshots_seen_exit(&s);
 	inode_walker_exit(&dir);
@@ -2022,8 +2035,10 @@ static int check_xattr(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 	int ret;
 
 	ret = check_key_has_snapshot(trans, iter, k);
-	if (ret)
+	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
+	if (ret)
+		return 0;
 
 	i = walk_inode(trans, inode, k);
 	ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(i);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal.c
index f314b2e78ec3..9c9a25dbd613 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal.c
@@ -511,18 +511,18 @@ retry:
 	if (journal_res_get_fast(j, res, flags))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (bch2_journal_error(j))
+		return -BCH_ERR_erofs_journal_err;
+
+	if (j->blocked)
+		return -BCH_ERR_journal_res_get_blocked;
+
 	if ((flags & BCH_WATERMARK_MASK) < j->watermark) {
 		ret = JOURNAL_ERR_journal_full;
 		can_discard = j->can_discard;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	if (j->blocked)
-		return -BCH_ERR_journal_res_get_blocked;
-
-	if (bch2_journal_error(j))
-		return -BCH_ERR_erofs_journal_err;
-
 	if (nr_unwritten_journal_entries(j) == ARRAY_SIZE(j->buf) && !journal_entry_is_open(j)) {
 		ret = JOURNAL_ERR_max_in_flight;
 		goto out;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
index d76c3c0c203f..725fcf46f631 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
@@ -1082,9 +1082,7 @@ reread:
 		ret = bch2_encrypt(c, JSET_CSUM_TYPE(j), journal_nonce(j),
 			     j->encrypted_start,
 			     vstruct_end(j) - (void *) j->encrypted_start);
-		bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c,
-				"error decrypting journal entry: %s",
-				bch2_err_str(ret));
+		bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c, "decrypting journal entry: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 
 		mutex_lock(&jlist->lock);
 		ret = journal_entry_add(c, ca, (struct journal_ptr) {
@@ -1820,7 +1818,8 @@ static int bch2_journal_write_prep(struct journal *j, struct journal_buf *w)
 			jset_entry_for_each_key(i, k) {
 				ret = bch2_journal_key_to_wb(c, &wb, i->btree_id, k);
 				if (ret) {
-					bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "-ENOMEM flushing journal keys to btree write buffer");
+					bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "flushing journal keys to btree write buffer: %s",
+							    bch2_err_str(ret));
 					bch2_journal_keys_to_write_buffer_end(c, &wb);
 					return ret;
 				}
@@ -1848,7 +1847,8 @@ static int bch2_journal_write_prep(struct journal *j, struct journal_buf *w)
 
 	bch2_journal_super_entries_add_common(c, &end, seq);
 	u64s	= (u64 *) end - (u64 *) start;
-	BUG_ON(u64s > j->entry_u64s_reserved);
+
+	WARN_ON(u64s > j->entry_u64s_reserved);
 
 	le32_add_cpu(&jset->u64s, u64s);
 
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ static int bch2_journal_write_prep(struct journal *j, struct journal_buf *w)
 	bytes	= vstruct_bytes(jset);
 
 	if (sectors > w->sectors) {
-		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "aieeee! journal write overran available space, %zu > %u (extra %u reserved %u/%u)",
+		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, ": journal write overran available space, %zu > %u (extra %u reserved %u/%u)",
 				    vstruct_bytes(jset), w->sectors << 9,
 				    u64s, w->u64s_reserved, j->entry_u64s_reserved);
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1884,8 +1884,7 @@ static int bch2_journal_write_prep(struct journal *j, struct journal_buf *w)
 	ret = bch2_encrypt(c, JSET_CSUM_TYPE(jset), journal_nonce(jset),
 		    jset->encrypted_start,
 		    vstruct_end(jset) - (void *) jset->encrypted_start);
-	if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c,
-			"error decrypting journal entry: %i", ret))
+	if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c, "decrypting journal entry: %s", bch2_err_str(ret)))
 		return ret;
 
 	jset->csum = csum_vstruct(c, JSET_CSUM_TYPE(jset),
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/logged_ops.c b/fs/bcachefs/logged_ops.c
index ad598105c587..9fac838d123e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/logged_ops.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/logged_ops.c
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ void bch2_logged_op_finish(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bkey_i *k)
 		struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(k));
-		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "%s: error deleting logged operation %s: %s",
-				     __func__, buf.buf, bch2_err_str(ret));
+		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "deleting logged operation %s: %s",
+				    buf.buf, bch2_err_str(ret));
 		printbuf_exit(&buf);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c b/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c
index 69e06a84dad4..0d2b82d8d11f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ static int bch2_copygc_get_buckets(struct moving_context *ctxt,
 	if (bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
 		return ret;
 
-	if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c, "%s: error %s from bch2_btree_write_buffer_tryflush()",
-				 __func__, bch2_err_str(ret)))
+	if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret, c, "%s: from bch2_btree_write_buffer_tryflush()", bch2_err_str(ret)))
 		return ret;
 
 	ret = for_each_btree_key_upto(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_lru,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
index 2af219aedfdb..03f9d6afe467 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
@@ -90,10 +90,12 @@ static void do_reconstruct_alloc(struct bch_fs *c)
 	struct journal_keys *keys = &c->journal_keys;
 	size_t src, dst;
 
+	move_gap(keys, keys->nr);
+
 	for (src = 0, dst = 0; src < keys->nr; src++)
 		if (!btree_id_is_alloc(keys->data[src].btree_id))
 			keys->data[dst++] = keys->data[src];
-	keys->nr = dst;
+	keys->nr = keys->gap = dst;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -203,6 +205,8 @@ static int bch2_journal_replay(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 	BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&keys->ref));
 
+	move_gap(keys, keys->nr);
+
 	/*
 	 * First, attempt to replay keys in sorted order. This is more
 	 * efficient - better locality of btree access -  but some might fail if
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery_types.h b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_types.h
index 1361e34d4e64..4959e95e7c74 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery_types.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_types.h
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
  * must never change:
  */
 #define BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()							\
+	x(check_topology,			 4, 0)				\
 	x(alloc_read,				 0, PASS_ALWAYS)		\
 	x(stripes_read,				 1, PASS_ALWAYS)		\
 	x(initialize_subvolumes,		 2, 0)				\
 	x(snapshots_read,			 3, PASS_ALWAYS)		\
-	x(check_topology,			 4, 0)				\
 	x(check_allocations,			 5, PASS_FSCK)			\
 	x(trans_mark_dev_sbs,			 6, PASS_ALWAYS|PASS_SILENT)	\
 	x(fs_journal_alloc,			 7, PASS_ALWAYS|PASS_SILENT)	\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c b/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c
index ac6ba04d5521..39debe814bf3 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c
@@ -91,18 +91,20 @@ static int bch2_snapshot_tree_create(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 /* Snapshot nodes: */
 
-static bool bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(struct bch_fs *c, u32 id, u32 ancestor)
+static bool __bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(struct snapshot_table *t, u32 id, u32 ancestor)
 {
-	struct snapshot_table *t;
-
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	t = rcu_dereference(c->snapshots);
-
 	while (id && id < ancestor)
 		id = __snapshot_t(t, id)->parent;
+	return id == ancestor;
+}
+
+static bool bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(struct bch_fs *c, u32 id, u32 ancestor)
+{
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	bool ret = __bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(rcu_dereference(c->snapshots), id, ancestor);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
-	return id == ancestor;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static inline u32 get_ancestor_below(struct snapshot_table *t, u32 id, u32 ancestor)
@@ -120,13 +122,15 @@ static inline u32 get_ancestor_below(struct snapshot_table *t, u32 id, u32 ances
 
 bool __bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(struct bch_fs *c, u32 id, u32 ancestor)
 {
-	struct snapshot_table *t;
 	bool ret;
 
-	EBUG_ON(c->recovery_pass_done <= BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_snapshots);
-
 	rcu_read_lock();
-	t = rcu_dereference(c->snapshots);
+	struct snapshot_table *t = rcu_dereference(c->snapshots);
+
+	if (unlikely(c->recovery_pass_done <= BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_snapshots)) {
+		ret = __bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(t, id, ancestor);
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	while (id && id < ancestor - IS_ANCESTOR_BITMAP)
 		id = get_ancestor_below(t, id, ancestor);
@@ -134,11 +138,11 @@ bool __bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(struct bch_fs *c, u32 id, u32 ancestor)
 	if (id && id < ancestor) {
 		ret = test_bit(ancestor - id - 1, __snapshot_t(t, id)->is_ancestor);
 
-		EBUG_ON(ret != bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(c, id, ancestor));
+		EBUG_ON(ret != __bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(t, id, ancestor));
 	} else {
 		ret = id == ancestor;
 	}
-
+out:
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	return ret;
@@ -547,7 +551,7 @@ static int check_snapshot_tree(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			"snapshot tree points to missing subvolume:\n  %s",
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 			 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, st.s_c), buf.buf)) ||
-	    fsck_err_on(!bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(c,
+	    fsck_err_on(!bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(c,
 						le32_to_cpu(subvol.snapshot),
 						root_id),
 			c, snapshot_tree_to_wrong_subvol,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
index bceac29f3d86..ad28e370b640 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ int bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 		prt_str(&buf, " > ");
 		bch2_version_to_text(&buf, bcachefs_metadata_version_current);
 		prt_str(&buf, ")");
-		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "%s", buf.buf);
+		bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, ": %s", buf.buf);
 		printbuf_exit(&buf);
 		return -BCH_ERR_sb_not_downgraded;
 	}
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ int bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 		if (le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq) < ca->disk_sb.seq) {
 			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
-				"Superblock write was silently dropped! (seq %llu expected %llu)",
+				": Superblock write was silently dropped! (seq %llu expected %llu)",
 				le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq),
 				ca->disk_sb.seq);
 			percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ int bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 		if (le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq) > ca->disk_sb.seq) {
 			bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
-				"Superblock modified by another process (seq %llu expected %llu)",
+				": Superblock modified by another process (seq %llu expected %llu)",
 				le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq),
 				ca->disk_sb.seq);
 			percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ int bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 				 !can_mount_with_written ||
 				 (can_mount_without_written &&
 				  !can_mount_with_written), c,
-		"Unable to write superblock to sufficient devices (from %ps)",
+		": Unable to write superblock to sufficient devices (from %ps)",
 		(void *) _RET_IP_))
 		ret = -1;
 out:
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/super.c b/fs/bcachefs/super.c
index 233f864ed8b0..1ad6e5cd9476 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/super.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/super.c
@@ -87,20 +87,28 @@ const char * const bch2_fs_flag_strs[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
+__printf(2, 0)
+static void bch2_print_maybe_redirect(struct stdio_redirect *stdio, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+	if (unlikely(stdio)) {
+		if (fmt[0] == KERN_SOH[0])
+			fmt += 2;
+
+		bch2_stdio_redirect_vprintf(stdio, true, fmt, args);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+	vprintk(fmt, args);
+}
+
 void bch2_print_opts(struct bch_opts *opts, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	struct stdio_redirect *stdio = (void *)(unsigned long)opts->stdio;
 
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	if (likely(!stdio)) {
-		vprintk(fmt, args);
-	} else {
-		if (fmt[0] == KERN_SOH[0])
-			fmt += 2;
-
-		bch2_stdio_redirect_vprintf(stdio, true, fmt, args);
-	}
+	bch2_print_maybe_redirect(stdio, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
 }
 
@@ -110,14 +118,7 @@ void __bch2_print(struct bch_fs *c, const char *fmt, ...)
 
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	if (likely(!stdio)) {
-		vprintk(fmt, args);
-	} else {
-		if (fmt[0] == KERN_SOH[0])
-			fmt += 2;
-
-		bch2_stdio_redirect_vprintf(stdio, true, fmt, args);
-	}
+	bch2_print_maybe_redirect(stdio, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/util.h b/fs/bcachefs/util.h
index 7ffbddb80400..175aee3074c7 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/util.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/util.h
@@ -683,6 +683,9 @@ static inline void __move_gap(void *array, size_t element_size,
 /* Move the gap in a gap buffer: */
 #define move_gap(_d, _new_gap)						\
 do {									\
+	BUG_ON(_new_gap > (_d)->nr);					\
+	BUG_ON((_d)->gap > (_d)->nr);					\
+									\
 	__move_gap((_d)->data, sizeof((_d)->data[0]),			\
 		   (_d)->nr, (_d)->size, (_d)->gap, _new_gap);		\
 	(_d)->gap = _new_gap;						\