docs: fs: convert docs without extension to ReST

There are 3 remaining files without an extension inside the fs docs
dir.

Manually convert them to ReST.

In the case of the nfs/exporting.rst file, as the nfs docs
aren't ported yet, I opted to convert and add a :orphan: there,
with should be removed when it gets added into a nfs-specific
part of the fs documentation.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+=================
+Directory Locking
+=================
+
+
 Locking scheme used for directory operations is based on two
 kinds of locks - per-inode (->i_rwsem) and per-filesystem
 (->s_vfs_rename_mutex).
@@ -27,14 +32,17 @@ NB: we might get away with locking the the source (and target in exchange
 case) shared.
 
 5) link creation.  Locking rules:
+
 	* lock parent
 	* check that source is not a directory
 	* lock source
 	* call the method.
+
 All locks are exclusive.
 
 6) cross-directory rename.  The trickiest in the whole bunch.  Locking
 rules:
+
 	* lock the filesystem
 	* lock parents in "ancestors first" order.
 	* find source and target.
@@ -46,6 +54,7 @@ rules:
 	* If the target exists, lock it.  If the source is a non-directory,
 	  lock it.  If we need to lock both, do so in inode pointer order.
 	* call the method.
+
 All ->i_rwsem are taken exclusive.  Again, we might get away with locking
 the the source (and target in exchange case) shared.
 
@@ -54,6 +63,7 @@ read, modified or removed by method will be locked by caller.
 
 
 If no directory is its own ancestor, the scheme above is deadlock-free.
+
 Proof:
 
 	First of all, at any moment we have a partial ordering of the

Documentation/filesystems/index.rst

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ algorithms work.
    path-lookup
    api-summary
    splice
+   locking
+   directory-locking
 
 Filesystem support layers
 =========================

Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+=======
+Locking
+=======
+
 The text below describes the locking rules for VFS-related methods.
 It is (believed to be) up-to-date. *Please*, if you change anything in
 prototypes or locking protocols - update this file. And update the relevant
@@ -5,10 +9,14 @@ instances in the tree, don't leave that to maintainers of filesystems/devices/
 etc. At the very least, put the list of dubious cases in the end of this file.
 Don't turn it into log - maintainers of out-of-the-tree code are supposed to
 be able to use diff(1).
+
 Thing currently missing here: socket operations. Alexey?
 
---------------------------- dentry_operations --------------------------
+dentry_operations
-prototypes:
+=================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
 	int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
 	int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, struct qstr *);
@@ -24,7 +32,10 @@ prototypes:
 	struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
 
 locking rules:
-		rename_lock	->d_lock	may block	rcu-walk
+
+================== ===========	========	==============	========
+ops		   rename_lock	->d_lock	may block	rcu-walk
+================== ===========	========	==============	========
 d_revalidate:	   no		no		yes (ref-walk)	maybe
 d_weak_revalidate: no		no		yes	 	no
 d_hash		   no		no		no		maybe
@@ -38,9 +49,13 @@ d_dname:	no		no		no		no
 d_automount:	   no		no		yes		no
 d_manage:	   no		no		yes (ref-walk)	maybe
 d_real		   no		no		yes 		no
+================== ===========	========	==============	========
+
+inode_operations
+================
+
+prototypes::
 
---------------------------- inode_operations --------------------------- 
-prototypes:
 	int (*create) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t, bool);
 	struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inode *,struct dentry *, unsigned int);
 	int (*link) (struct dentry *,struct inode *,struct dentry *);
@@ -68,7 +83,10 @@ prototypes:
 
 locking rules:
 	all may block
-		i_rwsem(inode)
+
+============	=============================================
+ops		i_rwsem(inode)
+============	=============================================
 lookup:		shared
 create:		exclusive
 link:		exclusive (both)
@@ -89,17 +107,21 @@ fiemap:		no
 update_time:	no
 atomic_open:	exclusive
 tmpfile:	no
+============	=============================================
 
 
 	Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rwsem
 	exclusive on victim.
 	cross-directory ->rename() has (per-superblock) ->s_vfs_rename_sem.
 
-See Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking for more detailed discussion
+See Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking.rst for more detailed discussion
 of the locking scheme for directory operations.
 
------------------------ xattr_handler operations -----------------------
+xattr_handler operations
-prototypes:
+========================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	bool (*list)(struct dentry *dentry);
 	int (*get)(const struct xattr_handler *handler, struct dentry *dentry,
 		   struct inode *inode, const char *name, void *buffer,
@@ -110,13 +132,20 @@ prototypes:
 
 locking rules:
 	all may block
-		i_rwsem(inode)
+
+=====		==============
+ops		i_rwsem(inode)
+=====		==============
 list:		no
 get:		no
 set:		exclusive
+=====		==============
+
+super_operations
+================
+
+prototypes::
 
---------------------------- super_operations ---------------------------
-prototypes:
 	struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct super_block *sb);
 	void (*free_inode)(struct inode *);
 	void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *);
@@ -138,7 +167,10 @@ prototypes:
 
 locking rules:
 	All may block [not true, see below]
-			s_umount
+
+======================	============	========================
+ops			s_umount	note
+======================	============	========================
 alloc_inode:
 free_inode:				called from RCU callback
 destroy_inode:
@@ -157,6 +189,7 @@ show_options:		no		(namespace_sem)
 quota_read:		no		(see below)
 quota_write:		no		(see below)
 bdev_try_to_free_page:	no		(see below)
+======================	============	========================
 
 ->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called by ustat(2) (native or
 compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_umount is used to pin
@@ -164,31 +197,44 @@ the superblock down when we only have dev_t given us by userland to
 identify the superblock.  Everything else (statfs(), fstatfs(), etc.)
 doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - superblock is pinned down
 by resolving the pathname passed to syscall.
+
 ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions are both guaranteed to
 be the only ones operating on the quota file by the quota code (via
 dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to screw up something and
 writes to quota files with quotas on). For other details about locking
 see also dquot_operations section.
+
 ->bdev_try_to_free_page is called from the ->releasepage handler of
 the block device inode.  See there for more details.
 
---------------------------- file_system_type ---------------------------
+file_system_type
-prototypes:
+================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_system_type *, int,
 		       const char *, void *);
 	void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *);
+
 locking rules:
-		may block
+
+=======		=========
+ops		may block
+=======		=========
 mount		yes
 kill_sb		yes
+=======		=========
 
 ->mount() returns ERR_PTR or the root dentry; its superblock should be locked
 on return.
+
 ->kill_sb() takes a write-locked superblock, does all shutdown work on it,
 unlocks and drops the reference.
 
---------------------------- address_space_operations --------------------------
+address_space_operations
-prototypes:
+========================
+prototypes::
+
 	int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 	int (*readpage)(struct file *, struct page *);
 	int (*writepages)(struct address_space *, struct writeback_control *);
@@ -218,7 +264,9 @@ prototypes:
 locking rules:
 	All except set_page_dirty and freepage may block
 
-			PageLocked(page)	i_rwsem
+======================	======================== =========
+ops			PageLocked(page)	 i_rwsem
+======================	======================== =========
 writepage:		yes, unlocks (see below)
 readpage:		yes, unlocks
 writepages:
@@ -239,6 +287,7 @@ is_partially_uptodate:	yes
 error_remove_page:	yes
 swap_activate:		no
 swap_deactivate:	no
+======================	======================== =========
 
 ->write_begin(), ->write_end() and ->readpage() may be called from
 the request handler (/dev/loop).
@@ -299,10 +348,10 @@ in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at umount and losing written data.
 
 ->writepages() is used for periodic writeback and for syscall-initiated
 sync operations.  The address_space should start I/O against at least
-*nr_to_write pages.  *nr_to_write must be decremented for each page which is
+``*nr_to_write`` pages.  ``*nr_to_write`` must be decremented for each page
-written.  The address_space implementation may write more (or less) pages
+which is written.  The address_space implementation may write more (or less)
-than *nr_to_write asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close.  If
+pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close.
-nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
+If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
 
 writepages should _only_ write pages which are present on
 mapping->io_pages.
@@ -344,23 +393,34 @@ address space operations.
 ->swap_deactivate() will be called in the sys_swapoff()
 path after ->swap_activate() returned success.
 
------------------------ file_lock_operations ------------------------------
+file_lock_operations
-prototypes:
+====================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	void (*fl_copy_lock)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *);
 	void (*fl_release_private)(struct file_lock *);
 
 
 locking rules:
-			inode->i_lock	may block
-fl_copy_lock:		yes		no
-fl_release_private:	maybe		maybe[1]
 
-[1]:	->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX locks is currently allowed
+===================	=============	=========
+ops			inode->i_lock	may block
+===================	=============	=========
+fl_copy_lock:		yes		no
+fl_release_private:	maybe		maybe[1]_
+===================	=============	=========
+
+.. [1]:
+   ->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX locks is currently allowed
    to block. Leases however can still be freed while the i_lock is held and
    so fl_release_private called on a lease should not block.
 
------------------------ lock_manager_operations ---------------------------
+lock_manager_operations
-prototypes:
+=======================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	void (*lm_notify)(struct file_lock *);  /* unblock callback */
 	int (*lm_grant)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *, int);
 	void (*lm_break)(struct file_lock *); /* break_lease callback */
@@ -368,24 +428,33 @@ prototypes:
 
 locking rules:
 
-			inode->i_lock	blocked_lock_lock	may block
+==========		=============	=================	=========
+ops			inode->i_lock	blocked_lock_lock	may block
+==========		=============	=================	=========
 lm_notify:		yes		yes			no
 lm_grant:		no		no			no
 lm_break:		yes		no			no
 lm_change		yes		no			no
+==========		=============	=================	=========
+
+buffer_head
+===========
+
+prototypes::
 
---------------------------- buffer_head -----------------------------------
-prototypes:
 	void (*b_end_io)(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
 
 locking rules:
+
 called from interrupts. In other words, extreme care is needed here.
 bh is locked, but that's all warranties we have here. Currently only RAID1,
 highmem, fs/buffer.c, and fs/ntfs/aops.c are providing these. Block devices
 call this method upon the IO completion.
 
---------------------------- block_device_operations -----------------------
+block_device_operations
-prototypes:
+=======================
+prototypes::
+
 	int (*open) (struct block_device *, fmode_t);
 	int (*release) (struct gendisk *, fmode_t);
 	int (*ioctl) (struct block_device *, fmode_t, unsigned, unsigned long);
@@ -399,7 +468,10 @@ prototypes:
 	void (*swap_slot_free_notify) (struct block_device *, unsigned long);
 
 locking rules:
-			bd_mutex
+
+======================= ===================
+ops			bd_mutex
+======================= ===================
 open:			yes
 release:		yes
 ioctl:			no
@@ -410,6 +482,7 @@ unlock_native_capacity:	no
 revalidate_disk:	no
 getgeo:			no
 swap_slot_free_notify:	no	(see below)
+======================= ===================
 
 media_changed, unlock_native_capacity and revalidate_disk are called only from
 check_disk_change().
@@ -418,8 +491,11 @@ swap_slot_free_notify is called with swap_lock and sometimes the page lock
 held.
 
 
---------------------------- file_operations -------------------------------
+file_operations
-prototypes:
+===============
+
+prototypes::
+
 	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
 	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
 	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
@@ -455,7 +531,6 @@ prototypes:
 			size_t, unsigned int);
 	int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
 	long (*fallocate)(struct file *, int, loff_t, loff_t);
-};
 
 locking rules:
 	All may block.
@@ -490,8 +565,11 @@ in sys_read() and friends.
 the lease within the individual filesystem to record the result of the
 operation
 
---------------------------- dquot_operations -------------------------------
+dquot_operations
-prototypes:
+================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	int (*write_dquot) (struct dquot *);
 	int (*acquire_dquot) (struct dquot *);
 	int (*release_dquot) (struct dquot *);
@@ -503,20 +581,26 @@ a proper locking wrt the filesystem and call the generic quota operations.
 
 What filesystem should expect from the generic quota functions:
 
-		FS recursion	Held locks when called
+==============	============	=========================
+ops		FS recursion	Held locks when called
+==============	============	=========================
 write_dquot:	yes		dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
 acquire_dquot:	yes		dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
 release_dquot:	yes		dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
 mark_dirty:	no		-
 write_info:	yes		dqonoff_sem
+==============	============	=========================
 
 FS recursion means calling ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() from superblock
 operations.
 
 More details about quota locking can be found in fs/dquot.c.
 
---------------------------- vm_operations_struct -----------------------------
+vm_operations_struct
-prototypes:
+====================
+
+prototypes::
+
 	void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct*);
 	void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct*);
 	vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct*, struct vm_fault *);
@@ -525,7 +609,10 @@ prototypes:
 	int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long, void*, int, int);
 
 locking rules:
-		mmap_sem	PageLocked(page)
+
+=============	========	===========================
+ops		mmap_sem	PageLocked(page)
+=============	========	===========================
 open:		yes
 close:		yes
 fault:		yes		can return with page locked
@@ -533,6 +620,7 @@ map_pages:	yes
 page_mkwrite:	yes		can return with page locked
 pfn_mkwrite:	yes
 access:		yes
+=============	========	===========================
 
 ->fault() is called when a previously not present pte is about
 to be faulted in. The filesystem must find and return the page associated
@@ -569,7 +657,8 @@ access_process_vm(), typically used to debug a process through
 /proc/pid/mem or ptrace.  This function is needed only for
 VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMAs.
 
-================================================================================
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 			Dubious stuff
 
 (if you break something or notice that it is broken and do not fix it yourself

Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+:orphan:
 
 Making Filesystems Exportable
 =============================
@@ -42,9 +43,9 @@ filehandle fragment, there is no automatic creation of a path prefix
 for the object.  This leads to two related but distinct features of
 the dcache that are not needed for normal filesystem access.
 
-1/ The dcache must sometimes contain objects that are not part of the
+1. The dcache must sometimes contain objects that are not part of the
    proper prefix. i.e that are not connected to the root.
-2/ The dcache must be prepared for a newly found (via ->lookup) directory
+2. The dcache must be prepared for a newly found (via ->lookup) directory
    to already have a (non-connected) dentry, and must be able to move
    that dentry into place (based on the parent and name in the
    ->lookup).   This is particularly needed for directories as
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ the dcache that are not needed for normal filesystem access.
 
 To implement these features, the dcache has:
 
-a/ A dentry flag DCACHE_DISCONNECTED which is set on
+a. A dentry flag DCACHE_DISCONNECTED which is set on
    any dentry that might not be part of the proper prefix.
    This is set when anonymous dentries are created, and cleared when a
    dentry is noticed to be a child of a dentry which is in the proper
@@ -71,19 +72,23 @@ a/ A dentry flag DCACHE_DISCONNECTED which is set on
    dentries.  That guarantees that we won't need to hunt them down upon
    umount.
 
-b/ A primitive for creation of secondary roots - d_obtain_root(inode).
+b. A primitive for creation of secondary roots - d_obtain_root(inode).
    Those do _not_ bear DCACHE_DISCONNECTED.  They are placed on the
    per-superblock list (->s_roots), so they can be located at umount
    time for eviction purposes.
 
-c/ Helper routines to allocate anonymous dentries, and to help attach
+c. Helper routines to allocate anonymous dentries, and to help attach
    loose directory dentries at lookup time. They are:
+
     d_obtain_alias(inode) will return a dentry for the given inode.
       If the inode already has a dentry, one of those is returned.
+
       If it doesn't, a new anonymous (IS_ROOT and
       DCACHE_DISCONNECTED) dentry is allocated and attached.
+
       In the case of a directory, care is taken that only one dentry
       can ever be attached.
+
     d_splice_alias(inode, dentry) will introduce a new dentry into the tree;
       either the passed-in dentry or a preexisting alias for the given inode
       (such as an anonymous one created by d_obtain_alias), if appropriate.
@@ -95,17 +100,17 @@ Filesystem Issues
 
 For a filesystem to be exportable it must:
 
-   1/ provide the filehandle fragment routines described below.
+   1. provide the filehandle fragment routines described below.
-   2/ make sure that d_splice_alias is used rather than d_add
+   2. make sure that d_splice_alias is used rather than d_add
       when ->lookup finds an inode for a given parent and name.
 
-      If inode is NULL, d_splice_alias(inode, dentry) is equivalent to
+      If inode is NULL, d_splice_alias(inode, dentry) is equivalent to::
 
 		d_add(dentry, inode), NULL
 
       Similarly, d_splice_alias(ERR_PTR(err), dentry) = ERR_PTR(err)
 
-      Typically the ->lookup routine will simply end with a:
+      Typically the ->lookup routine will simply end with a::
 
 		return d_splice_alias(inode, dentry);
 	}

Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ kernel which allows different filesystem implementations to coexist.
 
 VFS system calls open(2), stat(2), read(2), write(2), chmod(2) and so on
 are called from a process context.  Filesystem locking is described in
-the document Documentation/filesystems/Locking.
+the document Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst.
 
 
 Directory Entry Cache (dcache)

fs/cifs/export.c

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  */
 
  /*
-  * See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting
+  * See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst
   * and examples in fs/exportfs
   *
   * Since cifs is a network file system, an "fsid" must be included for

fs/exportfs/expfs.c

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * and for mapping back from file handles to dentries.
  *
  * For details on why we do all the strange and hairy things in here
- * take a look at Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting.
+ * take a look at Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst.
  */
 #include <linux/exportfs.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>

fs/isofs/export.c

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  *
  * The following files are helpful:
  *
- *     Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting
+ *     Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst
  *     fs/exportfs/expfs.c.
  */
 

fs/orangefs/file.c

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ static int orangefs_fsync(struct file *file,
  * Change the file pointer position for an instance of an open file.
  *
  * \note If .llseek is overriden, we must acquire lock as described in
- *       Documentation/filesystems/Locking.
+ *       Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst.
  *
  * Future upgrade could support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE but would
  * require much changes to the FS

include/linux/dcache.h

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ struct dentry_operations {
 
 /*
  * Locking rules for dentry_operations callbacks are to be found in
- * Documentation/filesystems/Locking. Keep it updated!
+ * Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst. Keep it updated!
  *
  * FUrther descriptions are found in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst.
  * Keep it updated too!

include/linux/exportfs.h

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ struct fid {
  * @get_parent:     find the parent of a given directory
  * @commit_metadata: commit metadata changes to stable storage
  *
- * See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting for details on how to use
+ * See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst for details on how to use
  * this interface correctly.
  *
  * encode_fh: