diff --git a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h
index 4962708841b5..7fce9ed44af0 100644
--- a/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h
+++ b/include/linux/ceph/ceph_features.h
@@ -2,82 +2,174 @@
 #define __CEPH_FEATURES
 
 /*
- * feature bits
+ * Each time we reclaim bits for reuse we need to specify another bit
+ * that, if present, indicates we have the new incarnation of that
+ * feature.  Base case is 1 (first use).
  */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_UID            (1ULL<<0)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_NOSRCADDR      (1ULL<<1)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MONCLOCKCHECK  (1ULL<<2)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_FLOCK          (1ULL<<3)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_SUBSCRIBE2     (1ULL<<4)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MONNAMES       (1ULL<<5)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_RECONNECT_SEQ  (1ULL<<6)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_DIRLAYOUTHASH  (1ULL<<7)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OBJECTLOCATOR  (1ULL<<8)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_PGID64         (1ULL<<9)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_INCSUBOSDMAP   (1ULL<<10)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_PGPOOL3        (1ULL<<11)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSDREPLYMUX    (1ULL<<12)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSDENC         (1ULL<<13)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OMAP           (1ULL<<14)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MONENC         (1ULL<<15)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_QUERY_T        (1ULL<<16)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_INDEP_PG_MAP   (1ULL<<17)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_TUNABLES (1ULL<<18)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CHUNKY_SCRUB   (1ULL<<19)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_NULLROUTE  (1ULL<<20)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_GV         (1ULL<<21)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_BACKFILL_RESERVATION (1ULL<<22)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MSG_AUTH	    (1ULL<<23)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_RECOVERY_RESERVATION (1ULL<<24)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_TUNABLES2 (1ULL<<25)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CREATEPOOLID   (1ULL<<26)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_REPLY_CREATE_INODE   (1ULL<<27)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_HBMSGS     (1ULL<<28)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MDSENC         (1ULL<<29)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSDHASHPSPOOL  (1ULL<<30)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_SINGLE_PAXOS (1ULL<<31)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_SNAPMAPPER (1ULL<<32)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_SCRUB      (1ULL<<33)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_PACKED_RECOVERY (1ULL<<34)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_CACHEPOOL (1ULL<<35)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_V2      (1ULL<<36)  /* new indep; SET_* steps */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_EXPORT_PEER   (1ULL<<37)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_ERASURE_CODES (1ULL<<38)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_TMAP2OMAP (1ULL<<38)   /* overlap with EC */
-/* The process supports new-style OSDMap encoding. Monitors also use
-   this bit to determine if peers support NAK messages. */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSDMAP_ENC    (1ULL<<39)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MDS_INLINE_DATA     (1ULL<<40)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_TUNABLES3     (1ULL<<41)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_PRIMARY_AFFINITY (1ULL<<41)  /* overlap w/ tunables3 */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MSGR_KEEPALIVE2   (1ULL<<42)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_POOLRESEND    (1ULL<<43)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_ERASURE_CODE_PLUGINS_V2 (1ULL<<44)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_SET_ALLOC_HINT (1ULL<<45)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_FADVISE_FLAGS (1ULL<<46)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_REPOP         (1ULL<<46)   /* overlap with fadvise */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_OBJECT_DIGEST  (1ULL<<46)  /* overlap with fadvise */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_TRANSACTION_MAY_LAYOUT (1ULL<<46) /* overlap w/ fadvise */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MDS_QUOTA      (1ULL<<47)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_V4      (1ULL<<48)  /* straw2 buckets */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_MIN_SIZE_RECOVERY (1ULL<<49)
-// duplicated since it was introduced at the same time as MIN_SIZE_RECOVERY
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_PROXY_FEATURES (1ULL<<49)  /* overlap w/ above */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_METADATA (1ULL<<50)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_BITWISE_HOBJ_SORT (1ULL<<51) /* can sort objs bitwise */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_PROXY_WRITE_FEATURES (1ULL<<52)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_ERASURE_CODE_PLUGINS_V3 (1ULL<<53)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_OSD_HITSET_GMT (1ULL<<54)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_HAMMER_0_94_4 (1ULL<<55)
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_NEW_OSDOP_ENCODING   (1ULL<<56) /* New, v7 encoding */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_STATEFUL_SUB (1ULL<<57) /* stateful mon subscription */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_MON_ROUTE_OSDMAP (1ULL<<57) /* peon sends osdmaps */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_TUNABLES5	(1ULL<<58) /* chooseleaf stable mode */
-// duplicated since it was introduced at the same time as CEPH_FEATURE_CRUSH_TUNABLES5
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_NEW_OSDOPREPLY_ENCODING   (1ULL<<58) /* New, v7 encoding */
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_FS_FILE_LAYOUT_V2       (1ULL<<58) /* file_layout_t */
+#define CEPH_FEATURE_INCARNATION_1 (0ull)
+#define CEPH_FEATURE_INCARNATION_2 (1ull<<57) // CEPH_FEATURE_SERVER_JEWEL
+
+#define DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(bit, incarnation, name)			\
+	const static uint64_t CEPH_FEATURE_##name = (1ULL<<bit);		\
+	const static uint64_t CEPH_FEATUREMASK_##name =			\
+		(1ULL<<bit | CEPH_FEATURE_INCARNATION_##incarnation);
+
+/* this bit is ignored but still advertised by release *when* */
+#define DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_DEPRECATED(bit, incarnation, name, when) \
+	const static uint64_t DEPRECATED_CEPH_FEATURE_##name = (1ULL<<bit); \
+	const static uint64_t DEPRECATED_CEPH_FEATUREMASK_##name =		\
+		(1ULL<<bit | CEPH_FEATURE_INCARNATION_##incarnation);
+
+/*
+ * this bit is ignored by release *unused* and not advertised by
+ * release *unadvertised*
+ */
+#define DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(bit, inc, name, unused, unadvertised)
+
+
+/*
+ * test for a feature.  this test is safer than a typical mask against
+ * the bit because it ensures that we have the bit AND the marker for the
+ * bit's incarnation.  this must be used in any case where the features
+ * bits may include an old meaning of the bit.
+ */
+#define CEPH_HAVE_FEATURE(x, name)			\
+	(((x) & (CEPH_FEATUREMASK_##name)) == (CEPH_FEATUREMASK_##name))
+
+
+/*
+ * Notes on deprecation:
+ *
+ * A *major* release is a release through which all upgrades must pass
+ * (e.g., jewel).  For example, no pre-jewel server will ever talk to
+ * a post-jewel server (mon, osd, etc).
+ *
+ * For feature bits used *only* on the server-side:
+ *
+ *  - In the first phase we indicate that a feature is DEPRECATED as of
+ *    a particular release.  This is the first major release X (say,
+ *    jewel) that does not depend on its peers advertising the feature.
+ *    That is, it safely assumes its peers all have the feature.  We
+ *    indicate this with the DEPRECATED macro.  For example,
+ *
+ *      DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_DEPRECATED( 2, 1, MONCLOCKCHECK, JEWEL)
+ *
+ *    because 10.2.z (jewel) did not care if its peers advertised this
+ *    feature bit.
+ *
+ *  - In the second phase we stop advertising the the bit and call it
+ *    RETIRED.  This can normally be done in the *next* major release
+ *    following the one in which we marked the feature DEPRECATED.  In
+ *    the above example, for 12.0.z (luminous) we can say:
+ *
+ *      DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED( 2, 1, MONCLOCKCHECK, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+ *
+ *  - The bit can be reused in the first post-luminous release, 13.0.z
+ *    (m).
+ *
+ * This ensures that no two versions who have different meanings for
+ * the bit ever speak to each other.
+ */
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 0, 1, UID)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 1, 1, NOSRCADDR)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED( 2, 1, MONCLOCKCHECK, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 3, 1, FLOCK)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 4, 1, SUBSCRIBE2)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 5, 1, MONNAMES)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 6, 1, RECONNECT_SEQ)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 7, 1, DIRLAYOUTHASH)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 8, 1, OBJECTLOCATOR)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE( 9, 1, PGID64)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(10, 1, INCSUBOSDMAP)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(11, 1, PGPOOL3)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(12, 1, OSDREPLYMUX)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(13, 1, OSDENC)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(14, 1, OMAP, HAMMER, JEWEL)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(14, 2, SERVER_KRAKEN)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(15, 1, MONENC)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(16, 1, QUERY_T, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(17, 1, INDEP_PG_MAP, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(18, 1, CRUSH_TUNABLES)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(19, 1, CHUNKY_SCRUB, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(20, 1, MON_NULLROUTE, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(21, 1, MON_GV, HAMMER, JEWEL)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(21, 2, SERVER_LUMINOUS)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(21, 2, RESEND_ON_SPLIT)  // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(21, 2, RADOS_BACKOFF)    // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(21, 2, OSDMAP_PG_UPMAP)  // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(21, 2, CRUSH_CHOOSE_ARGS) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(22, 1, BACKFILL_RESERVATION, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(23, 1, MSG_AUTH)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(24, 1, RECOVERY_RESERVATION, JEWEL, LUNINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(25, 1, CRUSH_TUNABLES2)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(26, 1, CREATEPOOLID)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(27, 1, REPLY_CREATE_INODE)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(28, 1, OSD_HBMSGS, HAMMER, JEWEL)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(28, 2, SERVER_M)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(29, 1, MDSENC)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(30, 1, OSDHASHPSPOOL)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(31, 1, MON_SINGLE_PAXOS)  // deprecate me
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(32, 1, OSD_SNAPMAPPER, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(33, 1, MON_SCRUB, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(34, 1, OSD_PACKED_RECOVERY, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(35, 1, OSD_CACHEPOOL)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(36, 1, CRUSH_V2)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(37, 1, EXPORT_PEER)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(38, 1, OSD_ERASURE_CODES)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(38, 1, OSD_OSD_TMAP2OMAP) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(39, 1, OSDMAP_ENC)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(40, 1, MDS_INLINE_DATA)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(41, 1, CRUSH_TUNABLES3)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(41, 1, OSD_PRIMARY_AFFINITY) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(42, 1, MSGR_KEEPALIVE2)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(43, 1, OSD_POOLRESEND)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(44, 1, ERASURE_CODE_PLUGINS_V2)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(45, 1, OSD_SET_ALLOC_HINT, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(46, 1, OSD_FADVISE_FLAGS)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(46, 1, OSD_REPOP, JEWEL, LUMINOUS) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(46, 1, OSD_OBJECT_DIGEST, JEWEL, LUMINOUS) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(46, 1, OSD_TRANSACTION_MAY_LAYOUT, JEWEL, LUMINOUS) // overlap
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(47, 1, MDS_QUOTA)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(48, 1, CRUSH_V4)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(49, 1, OSD_MIN_SIZE_RECOVERY, JEWEL, LUMINOUS)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_RETIRED(49, 1, OSD_PROXY_FEATURES, JEWEL, LUMINOUS) // overlap
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(50, 1, MON_METADATA)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(51, 1, OSD_BITWISE_HOBJ_SORT)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(52, 1, OSD_PROXY_WRITE_FEATURES)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(53, 1, ERASURE_CODE_PLUGINS_V3)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(54, 1, OSD_HITSET_GMT)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(55, 1, HAMMER_0_94_4)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(56, 1, NEW_OSDOP_ENCODING)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(57, 1, MON_STATEFUL_SUB)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(57, 1, MON_ROUTE_OSDMAP) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(57, 1, OSDSUBOP_NO_SNAPCONTEXT) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(57, 1, SERVER_JEWEL) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(58, 1, CRUSH_TUNABLES5)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(58, 1, NEW_OSDOPREPLY_ENCODING) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(58, 1, FS_FILE_LAYOUT_V2) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(59, 1, FS_BTIME)
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(59, 1, FS_CHANGE_ATTR) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(59, 1, MSG_ADDR2) // overlap
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(60, 1, BLKIN_TRACING)  // *do not share this bit*
+
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(61, 1, RESERVED2)          // unused, but slow down!
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE(62, 1, RESERVED)           // do not use; used as a sentinal
+DEFINE_CEPH_FEATURE_DEPRECATED(63, 1, RESERVED_BROKEN, LUMINOUS) // client-facing
 
-#define CEPH_FEATURE_RESERVED (1ULL<<63)
 
 /*
  * Features supported.