* 'fixes' of git://oss.oracle.com/git/tma/linux-2.6:
ocfs2: Fix orphan add in ocfs2_create_inode_in_orphan
ocfs2: split out ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir() into locking and prep functions
ocfs2: allow return of new inode block location before allocation of the inode
ocfs2: use ocfs2_alloc_dinode_update_counts() instead of open coding
ocfs2: split out inode alloc code from ocfs2_mknod_locked
Ocfs2: Fix a regression bug from mainline commit(6b933c8e6f).
ocfs2: Fix deadlock when allocating page
ocfs2: properly set and use inode group alloc hint
ocfs2: Use the right group in nfs sync check.
ocfs2: Flush drive's caches on fdatasync
ocfs2: make __ocfs2_page_mkwrite handle file end properly.
ocfs2: Fix incorrect checksum validation error
ocfs2: Fix metaecc error messages
we're using a pointer through a freed command to reset the request,
which has shown up as an oops with slab poisoning:
Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
If we are busy, then we may have woken up the wait_request handler but
not yet serviced it before the hang check fires. So in hang check,
double check that the i915_gem_do_wait_request() is still pending the
wake-up before declaring all hope lost.
Fixes regression with e78d73b16b.
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=30073
Reported-and-tested-by: Sitsofe Wheeler <sitsofe@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
If we pass in a device which is higher than SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICES then
the "next device" should be -1. This function just returns device + 1.
But the main thing is that "device + 1" can lead to a (harmless) integer
overflow and that annoys static analysis tools.
[fix the case for device == SNDRV_RAWMIDI_DEVICE by tiwai]
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Use netdev_alloc_skb_ip_align() helper and do correct allocation
Tested-by: Abraham Arce <x0066660@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Abraham Arce <x0066660@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
commit 30fff923 introduced in linux-2.6.33 (udp: bind() optimisation)
added a secondary hash on UDP, hashed on (local addr, local port).
Problem is that following sequence :
fd = socket(...)
connect(fd, &remote, ...)
not only selects remote end point (address and port), but also sets
local address, while UDP stack stored in secondary hash table the socket
while its local address was INADDR_ANY (or ipv6 equivalent)
Sequence is :
- autobind() : choose a random local port, insert socket in hash tables
[while local address is INADDR_ANY]
- connect() : set remote address and port, change local address to IP
given by a route lookup.
When an incoming UDP frame comes, if more than 10 sockets are found in
primary hash table, we switch to secondary table, and fail to find
socket because its local address changed.
One solution to this problem is to rehash datagram socket if needed.
We add a new rehash(struct socket *) method in "struct proto", and
implement this method for UDP v4 & v6, using a common helper.
This rehashing only takes care of secondary hash table, since primary
hash (based on local port only) is not changed.
Reported-by: Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki <ole@ans.pl>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki <ole@ans.pl>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
During suspend, the power.completion is expected to be set when a
device has not yet started suspending. Set it on init to fix a
corner case where a device is resumed when its parent has never
suspended.
Consider three drivers, A, B, and C. The parent of A is C, and C
has async_suspend set. On boot, C->power.completion is initialized
to 0.
During the first suspend:
suspend_devices_and_enter(...)
dpm_resume(...)
device_suspend(A)
device_suspend(B) returns error, aborts suspend
dpm_resume_end(...)
dpm_resume(...)
device_resume(A)
dpm_wait(A->parent == C)
wait_for_completion(C->power.completion)
The wait_for_completion will never complete, because
complete_all(C->power.completion) will only be called from
device_suspend(C) or device_resume(C), neither of which is called
if suspend is aborted before C.
After a successful suspend->resume cycle, where B doesn't abort
suspend, C->power.completion is left in the completed state by the
call to device_resume(C), and the same call path will work if B
aborts suspend.
Signed-off-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Changing state to CLOSING when FIN is received causes A0 cards to
hang. Fix this by checking for A0 cards in FIN handling.
Signed-off-by: Faisal Latif <faisal.latif@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
When the driver receives an AE for FIN received, it closes the
connection without changing the state of the connection in the
hardware to closing. By changing the state to closing, hardware will
do a normal close sequence.
Signed-off-by: Faisal Latif <faisal.latif@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
During a stress testing in a large cluster, multiple close event are
detected and BUG() is hit in the iWARP core. The cause is that the
active node gave up while waiting for an MPA response from the peer
and tried to close the connection by sending RST. The passive node
driver receives the RST but is waiting for MPA response from the user.
When the MPA accept is received, the driver offloads the connection
and sends a CLOSE event. The driver gets an AE indicating RESET
received and also sends a CLOSE event, hitting a BUG().
Fix this by correcting RESET handling and sending CLOSE events.
Signed-off-by: Faisal Latif <faisal.latif@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Blackhole routes are used when xfrm_lookup() returns -EREMOTE (error
triggered by IKE for example), hence this kind of route is always
temporary and so we should check if a better route exists for next
packets.
Bug has been introduced by commit d11a4dc18b.
Signed-off-by: Jianzhao Wang <jianzhao.wang@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Setting TX pause param writes to the wrong register location causing
the adapter to hang. Correct the define used to write the reigster.
Addresses: https://bugs.openfabrics.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2116
Reported-by: Shiri Franchi <shirif@voltaire.com>
Signed-off-by: Chien Tung <chien.tin.tung@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
niu_get_ethtool_tcam_all() assumes that its output buffer is the right
size, and warns before returning if it is not. However, the output
buffer size is under user control and ETHTOOL_GRXCLSRLALL is an
unprivileged ethtool command. Therefore this is at least a local
denial-of-service vulnerability.
Change it to check before writing each entry and to return an error if
the buffer is already full.
Compile-tested only.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, mcheck: Avoid duplicate sysfs links/files for thresholding banks
io-mapping: Fix the address space annotations
x86: Fix the address space annotations of iomap_atomic_prot_pfn()
x86, mm: Fix CONFIG_VMSPLIT_1G and 2G_OPT trampoline
x86, hwmon: Fix unsafe smp_processor_id() in thermal_throttle_add_dev
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
gcc-4.6: kernel/*: Fix unused but set warnings
mutex: Fix annotations to include it in kernel-locking docbook
pid: make setpgid() system call use RCU read-side critical section
MAINTAINERS: Add RCU's public git tree
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf, x86: Try to handle unknown nmis with an enabled PMU
perf, x86: Fix handle_irq return values
perf, x86: Fix accidentally ack'ing a second event on intel perf counter
oprofile, x86: fix init_sysfs() function stub
lockup_detector: Sync touch_*_watchdog back to old semantics
tracing: Fix a race in function profile
oprofile, x86: fix init_sysfs error handling
perf_events: Fix time tracking for events with pid != -1 and cpu != -1
perf: Initialize callchains roots's childen hits
oprofile: fix crash when accessing freed task structs
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuse:
fuse: fix lock annotations
fuse: flush background queue on connection close
Top of kvm_kpic_state structure should have the same memory layout as
kvm_pic_state since it is copied by memcpy.
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
operand::val and operand::orig_val are 32-bit on i386, whereas cmpxchg8b
operands are 64-bit.
Fix by adding val64 and orig_val64 union members to struct operand, and
using them where needed.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
- Do not create expectation when forwarding the PORT
command to avoid blocking the connection. The problem is that
nf_conntrack_ftp.c:help() tries to create the same expectation later in
POST_ROUTING and drops the packet with "dropping packet" message after
failure in nf_ct_expect_related.
- Change ip_vs_update_conntrack to alter the conntrack
for related connections from real server. If we do not alter the reply in
this direction the next packet from client sent to vport 20 comes as NEW
connection. We alter it but may be some collision happens for both
conntracks and the second conntrack gets destroyed immediately. The
connection stucks too.
Signed-off-by: Julian Anastasov <ja@ssi.bg>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The patch: "gro: fix different skb headrooms" in its part:
"2) allocate a minimal skb for head of frag_list" is buggy. The copied
skb has p->data set at the ip header at the moment, and skb_gro_offset
is the length of ip + tcp headers. So, after the change the length of
mac header is skipped. Later skb_set_mac_header() sets it into the
NET_SKB_PAD area (if it's long enough) and ip header is misaligned at
NET_SKB_PAD + NET_IP_ALIGN offset. There is no reason to assume the
original skb was wrongly allocated, so let's copy it as it was.
bugzilla : https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16626
fixes commit: 3d3be4333f
Reported-by: Plamen Petrov <pvp-lsts@fs.uni-ruse.bg>
Signed-off-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@gmail.com>
CC: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Plamen Petrov <pvp-lsts@fs.uni-ruse.bg>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Dave Hylands reports:
| We've observed a problem with dma_alloc_writecombine when the system
| is under heavy load (heavy bus traffic). We've managed to reduce the
| problem to the following snippet, which is run from a kthread in a
| continuous loop:
|
| void *virtAddr;
| dma_addr_t physAddr;
| unsigned int numBytes = 256;
|
| for (;;) {
| virtAddr = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL,
| numBytes, &physAddr, GFP_KERNEL);
| if (virtAddr == NULL) {
| printk(KERN_ERR "Running out of memory\n");
| break;
| }
|
| /* access DMA memory allocated */
| tmp = virtAddr;
| *tmp = 0x77;
|
| /* free DMA memory */
| dma_free_writecombine(NULL,
| numBytes, virtAddr, physAddr);
|
| ...sleep here...
| }
|
| By itself, the code will run forever with no issues. However, as we
| increase our bus traffic (typically using DMA) then the *tmp = 0x77
| line will eventually cause a page fault. If we add a small delay (a
| few microseconds) before the *tmp = 0x77, then we don't see a page
| fault, even under heavy load.
A dsb() is required after modifying the PTE entries to ensure that they
will always be visible. Add this dsb().
Reported-by: Dave Hylands <dhylands@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Dave Hylands <dhylands@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Check the argument name whether it is invalid (not C-like symbol name). This
makes event format simple.
Reported-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100827113912.22882.62313.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Set "argN" name for each argument automatically if it has no specified name.
Since dynamic trace event(kprobe_events) accepts special characters for its
argument, its format can show those special characters (e.g. '$', '%', '+').
However, perf can't parse those format because of the character (especially
'%') mess up the format. This sets "argX" name for those arguments if user
omitted the argument names.
E.g.
# echo 'p do_fork %ax IP=%ip $stack' > tracing/kprobe_events
# cat tracing/kprobe_events
p:kprobes/p_do_fork_0 do_fork arg1=%ax IP=%ip arg3=$stack
Reported-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100827113906.22882.59312.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Don't make argument names from raw parameters (means the parameters are written
in kprobe-tracer syntax), because the argument syntax may include special
characters. Just leave it, then kprobe-tracer gives a new name.
Reported-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100827113859.22882.75598.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Fix a bug to support %return probe syntax again. Previous commit 4235b04 has a
bug which disables the %return syntax on perf probe.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100827113852.22882.87447.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Fix a memory leak which happens when a field name conflicts with others. In
error case, free_trace_probe() will free all arguments until nr_args, so this
increments nr_args the begining of the loop instead of the end.
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100827113846.22882.12670.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Reading the file set_ftrace_filter does three things.
1) shows whether or not filters are set for the function tracer
2) shows what functions are set for the function tracer
3) shows what triggers are set on any functions
3 is independent from 1 and 2.
The way this file currently works is that it is a state machine,
and as you read it, it may change state. But this assumption breaks
when you use lseek() on the file. The state machine gets out of sync
and the t_show() may use the wrong pointer and cause a kernel oops.
Luckily, this will only kill the app that does the lseek, but the app
dies while holding a mutex. This prevents anyone else from using the
set_ftrace_filter file (or any other function tracing file for that matter).
A real fix for this is to rewrite the code, but that is too much for
a -rc release or stable. This patch simply disables llseek on the
set_ftrace_filter() file for now, and we can do the proper fix for the
next major release.
Reported-by: Robert Swiecki <swiecki@google.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com>
Cc: Eugene Teo <eugene@redhat.com>
Cc: vendor-sec@lst.de
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The full cleanup of init_MUTEX[_LOCKED] and DECLARE_MUTEX has not been
done. Some of the users are real semaphores and we should name them as
such instead of confusing everyone with "MUTEX".
Provide the infrastructure to get finally rid of init_MUTEX[_LOCKED]
and DECLARE_MUTEX.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100907125054.795929962@linutronix.de>
snd_hda_parse_pin_def_config() has some workaround for re-assigning
some pins declared as headphones to line-outs. This didn't work properly
for some cases because it used memmove() stupidly wrongly.
Reference: Novell bnc#637263
https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=637263
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Commit 7cfe24947 ("ARM: AMBA: Add pclk support to AMBA bus
infrastructure") changed AMBA bus to handle the PCLK automatically.
However, in EP93xx clock initialization is arch_initcall which is done
later than AMBA device identification. This causes
amba_get_enable_pclk() to fail resulting device where UARTs are not
functional.
So change ep93xx_clock_init() to be postcore_initcall.
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@iki.fi>
Acked-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This reverts commit 4fa5518, which causes a compilation regression for
IXP4xx platforms.
Reported-by: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eric Miao <eric.y.miao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
The error handling in snd_seq_oss_open() has several bad codes that
do dereferecing released pointers and double-free of kmalloc'ed data.
The object dp is release in free_devinfo() that is called via
private_free callback. The rest shouldn't touch this object any more.
The patch changes delete_port() to call kfree() in any case, and gets
rid of unnecessary calls of destructors in snd_seq_oss_open().
Fixes CVE-2010-3080.
Reported-and-tested-by: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@cmpxchg8b.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This reverts commit b9421ae8f3.
This warning was so prelevant, even for apparently working machines,
that it was just causing fear, anxiety and panic.
The root cause still remains, so we will add some better debugging when
we focus on fixing it.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=17021
Reported-by: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
The driver doesn't probe the device properly because of left-over cfg[]
that isn't used at all for msnd-classic device. This is only for msnd-
pinnacle.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This reverts commit 0f3ee801b3.
Enabling LVDS on pipe A was causing excessive wakeups on otherwise idle
systems due to i915 interrupts. So restrict the LVDS to pipe B once more,
whilst the issue is properly diagnosed.
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16307
Reported-and-tested-by: Enrico Bandiello <enban@postal.uv.es>
Poked-by: Florian Mickler <florian@mickler.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Adam Jackson <ajax@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
EeePC 1001HAG has a similar problem like other ASUS machine, which doesn't
set the codec SSID properly for indicating the beep capability.
To enable PC-beep again, put this to the whitelist.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Due to the wrong "return" in the loop, a capture substream won't be
released at disconnection properly if the device is capture only and has
no playback substream. This caused Oops occasionally at the device
reconnection.
Reported-by: Kim Minhyoung <minhyoung.kim@lge.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The Line and Mic inputs cannot be used at the same time, so the driver
has to automatically disable one of them if both are set. However, it
forgot to notify userspace about this change, so the mixer state would
be inconsistent. To fix this, check if the other control gets muted,
and send a notification event in this case.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Reported-and-tested-by: Nathan Schagen
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
For the WM8776 chip, this driver uses a different sample format and
more features than the Windows driver. When rebooting from Linux into
Windows, the latter driver does not reset the chip but assumes all its
registers have their default settings, so we get garbled sound or, if
the output happened to be muted before rebooting, no sound.
To make that driver happy, hook our driver's cleanup function into the
shutdown notifier and ensure that the chip gets reset.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Reported-and-tested-by: Nathan Schagen
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
ocfs2_create_inode_in_orphan() is used by reflink to create the newly
reflinked inode simultaneously in the orphan dir. This allows us to easily
handle partially-reflinked files during recovery cleanup.
We have a problem though - the orphan dir stringifies inode # to determine
a unique name under which the orphan entry dirent can be created. Since
ocfs2_create_inode_in_orphan() needs the space allocated in the orphan dir
before it can allocate the inode, we currently call into the orphan code:
/*
* We give the orphan dir the root blkno to fake an orphan name,
* and allocate enough space for our insertion.
*/
status = ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir(osb, &orphan_dir,
osb->root_blkno,
orphan_name, &orphan_insert);
Using osb->root_blkno might work fine on unindexed directories, but the
orphan dir can have an index. When it has that index, the above code fails
to allocate the proper index entry. Later, when we try to remove the file
from the orphan dir (using the actual inode #), the reflink operation will
fail.
To fix this, I created a function ocfs2_alloc_orphaned_file() which uses the
newly split out orphan and inode alloc code to figure out what the inode
block number will be (once allocated) and then prepare the orphan dir from
that data.
Signed-off-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <tao.ma@oracle.com>
We do this because ocfs2_create_inode_in_orphan() wants to order locking of
the orphan dir with respect to locking of the inode allocator *before*
making any changes to the directory.
Signed-off-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <tao.ma@oracle.com>