Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
This patch moves the retransmission and unacknowledged timeouts
to the tcp_timeouts array. This change is required by follow-up
patches.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Without this patch, if we receive a SYN packet from the client while
the firewall is out-of-sync, we let it go through. Then, if we see
the SYN/ACK reply coming from the server, we destroy the conntrack
entry and drop the packet to trigger a new retransmission. Then,
the retransmision from the client is used to start a new clean
session.
This patch improves the current handling. Basically, if we see an
unexpected SYN packet, we annotate the TCP options. Then, if we
see the reply SYN/ACK, this means that the firewall was indeed
out-of-sync. Therefore, we set a clean new session from the existing
entry based on the annotated values.
This patch adds two new 8-bits fields that fit in a 16-bits gap of
the ip_ct_tcp structure.
This patch is particularly useful for conntrackd since the
asynchronous nature of the state-synchronization allows to have
backup nodes that are not perfect copies of the master. This helps
to improve the recovery under some worst-case scenarios.
I have tested this by creating lots of conntrack entries in wrong
state:
for ((i=1024;i<65535;i++)); do conntrack -I -p tcp -s 192.168.2.101 -d 192.168.2.2 --sport $i --dport 80 -t 800 --state ESTABLISHED -u ASSURED,SEEN_REPLY; done
Then, I make some TCP connections:
$ echo GET / | nc 192.168.2.2 80
The events show the result:
[UPDATE] tcp 6 60 SYN_RECV src=192.168.2.101 dst=192.168.2.2 sport=33220 dport=80 src=192.168.2.2 dst=192.168.2.101 sport=80 dport=33220 [ASSURED]
[UPDATE] tcp 6 432000 ESTABLISHED src=192.168.2.101 dst=192.168.2.2 sport=33220 dport=80 src=192.168.2.2 dst=192.168.2.101 sport=80 dport=33220 [ASSURED]
[UPDATE] tcp 6 120 FIN_WAIT src=192.168.2.101 dst=192.168.2.2 sport=33220 dport=80 src=192.168.2.2 dst=192.168.2.101 sport=80 dport=33220 [ASSURED]
[UPDATE] tcp 6 30 LAST_ACK src=192.168.2.101 dst=192.168.2.2 sport=33220 dport=80 src=192.168.2.2 dst=192.168.2.101 sport=80 dport=33220 [ASSURED]
[UPDATE] tcp 6 120 TIME_WAIT src=192.168.2.101 dst=192.168.2.2 sport=33220 dport=80 src=192.168.2.2 dst=192.168.2.101 sport=80 dport=33220 [ASSURED]
and tcpdump shows no retransmissions:
20:47:57.271951 IP 192.168.2.101.33221 > 192.168.2.2.www: S 435402517:435402517(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 4294961827 0,nop,wscale 6>
20:47:57.273538 IP 192.168.2.2.www > 192.168.2.101.33221: S 3509927945:3509927945(0) ack 435402518 win 5792 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 235681024 4294961827,nop,wscale 4>
20:47:57.273608 IP 192.168.2.101.33221 > 192.168.2.2.www: . ack 3509927946 win 92 <nop,nop,timestamp 4294961827 235681024>
20:47:57.273693 IP 192.168.2.101.33221 > 192.168.2.2.www: P 435402518:435402524(6) ack 3509927946 win 92 <nop,nop,timestamp 4294961827 235681024>
20:47:57.275492 IP 192.168.2.2.www > 192.168.2.101.33221: . ack 435402524 win 362 <nop,nop,timestamp 235681024 4294961827>
20:47:57.276492 IP 192.168.2.2.www > 192.168.2.101.33221: P 3509927946:3509928082(136) ack 435402524 win 362 <nop,nop,timestamp 235681025 4294961827>
20:47:57.276515 IP 192.168.2.101.33221 > 192.168.2.2.www: . ack 3509928082 win 108 <nop,nop,timestamp 4294961828 235681025>
20:47:57.276521 IP 192.168.2.2.www > 192.168.2.101.33221: F 3509928082:3509928082(0) ack 435402524 win 362 <nop,nop,timestamp 235681025 4294961827>
20:47:57.277369 IP 192.168.2.101.33221 > 192.168.2.2.www: F 435402524:435402524(0) ack 3509928083 win 108 <nop,nop,timestamp 4294961828 235681025>
20:47:57.279491 IP 192.168.2.2.www > 192.168.2.101.33221: . ack 435402525 win 362 <nop,nop,timestamp 235681025 4294961828>
I also added a rule to log invalid packets, with no occurrences :-) .
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Acked-by: Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu>
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
This cleanup patch puts struct/union/enum opening braces,
in first line to ease grep games.
struct something
{
becomes :
struct something {
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The patch below adds supporting TCP simultaneous open to conntrack. The
unused LISTEN state is replaced by a new state (SYN_SENT2) denoting the
second SYN sent from the reply direction in the new case. The state table
is updated and the function tcp_in_window is modified to handle
simultaneous open.
The functionality can fairly easily be tested by socat. A sample tcpdump
recording
23:21:34.244733 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 49224, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60) 192.168.0.254.2020 > 192.168.0.1.2020: S, cksum 0xe75f (correct), 3383710133:3383710133(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 173445629 0,nop,wscale 7>
23:21:34.244783 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.0.1.2020 > 192.168.0.254.2020: R, cksum 0x0253 (correct), 0:0(0) ack 3383710134 win 0
23:21:36.038680 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 28092, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60) 192.168.0.1.2020 > 192.168.0.254.2020: S, cksum 0x704b (correct), 2634546729:2634546729(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 824213 0,nop,wscale 1>
23:21:36.038777 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 49225, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60) 192.168.0.254.2020 > 192.168.0.1.2020: S, cksum 0xb179 (correct), 3383710133:3383710133(0) ack 2634546730 win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 173447423 824213,nop,wscale 7>
23:21:36.038847 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 28093, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52) 192.168.0.1.2020 > 192.168.0.254.2020: ., cksum 0xebad (correct), ack 3383710134 win 2920 <nop,nop,timestamp 824213 173447423>
and the corresponding netlink events:
[NEW] tcp 6 120 SYN_SENT src=192.168.0.254 dst=192.168.0.1 sport=2020 dport=2020 [UNREPLIED] src=192.168.0.1 dst=192.168.0.254 sport=2020 dport=2020
[UPDATE] tcp 6 120 LISTEN src=192.168.0.254 dst=192.168.0.1 sport=2020 dport=2020 src=192.168.0.1 dst=192.168.0.254 sport=2020 dport=2020
[UPDATE] tcp 6 60 SYN_RECV src=192.168.0.254 dst=192.168.0.1 sport=2020 dport=2020 src=192.168.0.1 dst=192.168.0.254 sport=2020 dport=2020
[UPDATE] tcp 6 432000 ESTABLISHED src=192.168.0.254 dst=192.168.0.1 sport=2020 dport=2020 src=192.168.0.1 dst=192.168.0.254 sport=2020 dport=2020 [ASSURED]
The RST packet was dropped in the raw table, thus it did not reach
conntrack. nfnetlink_conntrack is unpatched so it shows the new SYN_SENT2
state as the old unused LISTEN.
With TCP simultaneous open support we satisfy REQ-2 in RFC 5382 ;-) .
Additional minor correction in this patch is that in order to catch
uninitialized reply directions, "td_maxwin == 0" is used instead of
"td_end == 0" because the former can't be true except in uninitialized
state while td_end may accidentally be equal to zero in the mid of a
connection.
Signed-off-by: Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu>
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Robert L Mathews discovered that some clients send evil TCP RST segments,
which are accepted by netfilter conntrack but discarded by the
destination. Thus the conntrack entry is destroyed but the destination
retransmits data until timeout.
The same technique, i.e. sending properly crafted RST segments, can easily
be used to bypass connlimit/connbytes based restrictions (the sample
script written by Robert can be found in the netfilter mailing list
archives).
The patch below adds a new flag and new field to struct ip_ct_tcp_state so
that checking RST segments can be made more strict and thus TCP conntrack
can catch the invalid ones: the RST segment is accepted only if its
sequence number higher than or equal to the highest ack we seen from the
other direction. (The last_ack field cannot be reused because it is used
to catch resent packets.)
Signed-off-by: Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu>
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Netfilter traditionally uses BSD integer types in its
interface headers. This changes it to use the Linux
strict integer types, like everyone else.
Cc: netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to time out dead connections quicker, keep track of outstanding data
and cap the timeout.
Suggested by Herbert Xu.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch let userspace programs set the IP_CT_TCP_BE_LIBERAL flag to
force the pickup of established connections.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Do liberal tracking (only RSTs need to be in-window) for connections picked
up without seeing a SYN to deal with window scaling. Also change logging
of invalid packets not to log packets accepted by liberal tracking to avoid
spamming the logs.
Based on suggestion from James Ralston <ralston@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
IP_CT_TCP_FLAG_CLOSE_INIT is a flag and should have a value of 0x4 instead
of 0x3, which is IP_CT_TCP_FLAG_WINDOW_SCALE | IP_CT_TCP_FLAG_SACK_PERM.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The existing connection tracking subsystem in netfilter can only
handle ipv4. There were basically two choices present to add
connection tracking support for ipv6. We could either duplicate all
of the ipv4 connection tracking code into an ipv6 counterpart, or (the
choice taken by these patches) we could design a generic layer that
could handle both ipv4 and ipv6 and thus requiring only one sub-protocol
(TCP, UDP, etc.) connection tracking helper module to be written.
In fact nf_conntrack is capable of working with any layer 3
protocol.
The existing ipv4 specific conntrack code could also not deal
with the pecularities of doing connection tracking on ipv6,
which is also cured here. For example, these issues include:
1) ICMPv6 handling, which is used for neighbour discovery in
ipv6 thus some messages such as these should not participate
in connection tracking since effectively they are like ARP
messages
2) fragmentation must be handled differently in ipv6, because
the simplistic "defrag, connection track and NAT, refrag"
(which the existing ipv4 connection tracking does) approach simply
isn't feasible in ipv6
3) ipv6 extension header parsing must occur at the correct spots
before and after connection tracking decisions, and there were
no provisions for this in the existing connection tracking
design
4) ipv6 has no need for stateful NAT
The ipv4 specific conntrack layer is kept around, until all of
the ipv4 specific conntrack helpers are ported over to nf_conntrack
and it is feature complete. Once that occurs, the old conntrack
stuff will get placed into the feature-removal-schedule and we will
fully kill it off 6 months later.
Signed-off-by: Yasuyuki Kozakai <yasuyuki.kozakai@toshiba.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Harald Welte <laforge@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com>
