When commit 19343b5bdd ("mm/page-writeback: introduce tracepoint for
wait_on_page_writeback()") repurposed the writeback_dirty_page trace event
as a template to create its new wait_on_page_writeback trace event, it
ended up opening a window to NULL pointer dereference crashes due to the
(infrequent) occurrence of a race where an access to a page in the
swap-cache happens concurrently with the moment this page is being written
to disk and the tracepoint is enabled:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000040
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
PGD 800000010ec0a067 P4D 800000010ec0a067 PUD 102353067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 1 PID: 1320 Comm: shmem-worker Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.4.0-rc5+ #13
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS edk2-20230301gitf80f052277c8-1.fc37 03/01/2023
RIP: 0010:trace_event_raw_event_writeback_folio_template+0x76/0xf0
Code: 4d 85 e4 74 5c 49 8b 3c 24 e8 06 98 ee ff 48 89 c7 e8 9e 8b ee ff ba 20 00 00 00 48 89 ef 48 89 c6 e8 fe d4 1a 00 49 8b 04 24 <48> 8b 40 40 48 89 43 28 49 8b 45 20 48 89 e7 48 89 43 30 e8 a2 4d
RSP: 0000:ffffaad580b6fb60 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff90e38035c01c RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff90e38035c044
RBP: ffff90e38035c024 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 0000000000000006
R10: ffff90e38035c02e R11: 0000000000000020 R12: ffff90e380bac000
R13: ffffe3a7456d9200 R14: 0000000000001b81 R15: ffffe3a7456d9200
FS: 00007f2e4e8a15c0(0000) GS:ffff90e3fbc80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000040 CR3: 00000001150c6003 CR4: 0000000000170ee0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? __die+0x20/0x70
? page_fault_oops+0x76/0x170
? kernelmode_fixup_or_oops+0x84/0x110
? exc_page_fault+0x65/0x150
? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30
? trace_event_raw_event_writeback_folio_template+0x76/0xf0
folio_wait_writeback+0x6b/0x80
shmem_swapin_folio+0x24a/0x500
? filemap_get_entry+0xe3/0x140
shmem_get_folio_gfp+0x36e/0x7c0
? find_busiest_group+0x43/0x1a0
shmem_fault+0x76/0x2a0
? __update_load_avg_cfs_rq+0x281/0x2f0
__do_fault+0x33/0x130
do_read_fault+0x118/0x160
do_pte_missing+0x1ed/0x2a0
__handle_mm_fault+0x566/0x630
handle_mm_fault+0x91/0x210
do_user_addr_fault+0x22c/0x740
exc_page_fault+0x65/0x150
asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30
This problem arises from the fact that the repurposed writeback_dirty_page
trace event code was written assuming that every pointer to mapping
(struct address_space) would come from a file-mapped page-cache object,
thus mapping->host would always be populated, and that was a valid case
before commit 19343b5bdd. The swap-cache address space
(swapper_spaces), however, doesn't populate its ->host (struct inode)
pointer, thus leading to the crashes in the corner-case aforementioned.
commit 19343b5bdd ended up breaking the assignment of __entry->name and
__entry->ino for the wait_on_page_writeback tracepoint -- both dependent
on mapping->host carrying a pointer to a valid inode. The assignment of
__entry->name was fixed by commit 68f23b8906 ("memcg: fix a crash in
wb_workfn when a device disappears"), and this commit fixes the remaining
case, for __entry->ino.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230606233613.1290819-1-aquini@redhat.com
Fixes: 19343b5bdd ("mm/page-writeback: introduce tracepoint for wait_on_page_writeback()")
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Cc: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
This framework is no longer used - so discard it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/164549983747.9187.6171768583526866601.stgit@noble.brown
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
Cc: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Cc: Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"257 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: scripts, ocfs2, vfs, and
mm (slab-generic, slab, slub, kconfig, dax, kasan, debug, pagecache,
gup, swap, memcg, pagemap, mprotect, mremap, iomap, tracing, vmalloc,
pagealloc, memory-failure, hugetlb, userfaultfd, vmscan, tools,
memblock, oom-kill, hugetlbfs, migration, thp, readahead, nommu, ksm,
vmstat, madvise, memory-hotplug, rmap, zsmalloc, highmem, zram,
cleanups, kfence, and damon)"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (257 commits)
mm/damon: remove return value from before_terminate callback
mm/damon: fix a few spelling mistakes in comments and a pr_debug message
mm/damon: simplify stop mechanism
Docs/admin-guide/mm/pagemap: wordsmith page flags descriptions
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: simplify the content
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix a wrong link
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix wrong example commands
mm/damon/dbgfs: add adaptive_targets list check before enable monitor_on
mm/damon: remove unnecessary variable initialization
Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon: add a document for DAMON_RECLAIM
mm/damon: introduce DAMON-based Reclamation (DAMON_RECLAIM)
selftests/damon: support watermarks
mm/damon/dbgfs: support watermarks
mm/damon/schemes: activate schemes based on a watermarks mechanism
tools/selftests/damon: update for regions prioritization of schemes
mm/damon/dbgfs: support prioritization weights
mm/damon/vaddr,paddr: support pageout prioritization
mm/damon/schemes: prioritize regions within the quotas
mm/damon/selftests: support schemes quotas
mm/damon/dbgfs: support quotas of schemes
...
Patch series "Remove dependency on congestion_wait in mm/", v5.
This series that removes all calls to congestion_wait in mm/ and deletes
wait_iff_congested. It's not a clever implementation but
congestion_wait has been broken for a long time [1].
Even if congestion throttling worked, it was never a great idea. While
excessive dirty/writeback pages at the tail of the LRU is one
possibility that reclaim may be slow, there is also the problem of too
many pages being isolated and reclaim failing for other reasons
(elevated references, too many pages isolated, excessive LRU contention
etc).
This series replaces the "congestion" throttling with 3 different types.
- If there are too many dirty/writeback pages, sleep until a timeout or
enough pages get cleaned
- If too many pages are isolated, sleep until enough isolated pages are
either reclaimed or put back on the LRU
- If no progress is being made, direct reclaim tasks sleep until
another task makes progress with acceptable efficiency.
This was initially tested with a mix of workloads that used to trigger
corner cases that no longer work. A new test case was created called
"stutterp" (pagereclaim-stutterp-noreaders in mmtests) using a freshly
created XFS filesystem. Note that it may be necessary to increase the
timeout of ssh if executing remotely as ssh itself can get throttled and
the connection may timeout.
stutterp varies the number of "worker" processes from 4 up to NR_CPUS*4
to check the impact as the number of direct reclaimers increase. It has
four types of worker.
- One "anon latency" worker creates small mappings with mmap() and
times how long it takes to fault the mapping reading it 4K at a time
- X file writers which is fio randomly writing X files where the total
size of the files add up to the allowed dirty_ratio. fio is allowed
to run for a warmup period to allow some file-backed pages to
accumulate. The duration of the warmup is based on the best-case
linear write speed of the storage.
- Y file readers which is fio randomly reading small files
- Z anon memory hogs which continually map (100-dirty_ratio)% of memory
- Total estimated WSS = (100+dirty_ration) percentage of memory
X+Y+Z+1 == NR_WORKERS varying from 4 up to NR_CPUS*4
The intent is to maximise the total WSS with a mix of file and anon
memory where some anonymous memory must be swapped and there is a high
likelihood of dirty/writeback pages reaching the end of the LRU.
The test can be configured to have no background readers to stress
dirty/writeback pages. The results below are based on having zero
readers.
The short summary of the results is that the series works and stalls
until some event occurs but the timeouts may need adjustment.
The test results are not broken down by patch as the series should be
treated as one block that replaces a broken throttling mechanism with a
working one.
Finally, three machines were tested but I'm reporting the worst set of
results. The other two machines had much better latencies for example.
First the results of the "anon latency" latency
stutterp
5.15.0-rc1 5.15.0-rc1
vanilla mm-reclaimcongest-v5r4
Amean mmap-4 31.4003 ( 0.00%) 2661.0198 (-8374.52%)
Amean mmap-7 38.1641 ( 0.00%) 149.2891 (-291.18%)
Amean mmap-12 60.0981 ( 0.00%) 187.8105 (-212.51%)
Amean mmap-21 161.2699 ( 0.00%) 213.9107 ( -32.64%)
Amean mmap-30 174.5589 ( 0.00%) 377.7548 (-116.41%)
Amean mmap-48 8106.8160 ( 0.00%) 1070.5616 ( 86.79%)
Stddev mmap-4 41.3455 ( 0.00%) 27573.9676 (-66591.66%)
Stddev mmap-7 53.5556 ( 0.00%) 4608.5860 (-8505.23%)
Stddev mmap-12 171.3897 ( 0.00%) 5559.4542 (-3143.75%)
Stddev mmap-21 1506.6752 ( 0.00%) 5746.2507 (-281.39%)
Stddev mmap-30 557.5806 ( 0.00%) 7678.1624 (-1277.05%)
Stddev mmap-48 61681.5718 ( 0.00%) 14507.2830 ( 76.48%)
Max-90 mmap-4 31.4243 ( 0.00%) 83.1457 (-164.59%)
Max-90 mmap-7 41.0410 ( 0.00%) 41.0720 ( -0.08%)
Max-90 mmap-12 66.5255 ( 0.00%) 53.9073 ( 18.97%)
Max-90 mmap-21 146.7479 ( 0.00%) 105.9540 ( 27.80%)
Max-90 mmap-30 193.9513 ( 0.00%) 64.3067 ( 66.84%)
Max-90 mmap-48 277.9137 ( 0.00%) 591.0594 (-112.68%)
Max mmap-4 1913.8009 ( 0.00%) 299623.9695 (-15555.96%)
Max mmap-7 2423.9665 ( 0.00%) 204453.1708 (-8334.65%)
Max mmap-12 6845.6573 ( 0.00%) 221090.3366 (-3129.64%)
Max mmap-21 56278.6508 ( 0.00%) 213877.3496 (-280.03%)
Max mmap-30 19716.2990 ( 0.00%) 216287.6229 (-997.00%)
Max mmap-48 477923.9400 ( 0.00%) 245414.8238 ( 48.65%)
For most thread counts, the time to mmap() is unfortunately increased.
In earlier versions of the series, this was lower but a large number of
throttling events were reaching their timeout increasing the amount of
inefficient scanning of the LRU. There is no prioritisation of reclaim
tasks making progress based on each tasks rate of page allocation versus
progress of reclaim. The variance is also impacted for high worker
counts but in all cases, the differences in latency are not
statistically significant due to very large maximum outliers. Max-90
shows that 90% of the stalls are comparable but the Max results show the
massive outliers which are increased to to stalling.
It is expected that this will be very machine dependant. Due to the
test design, reclaim is difficult so allocations stall and there are
variances depending on whether THPs can be allocated or not. The amount
of memory will affect exactly how bad the corner cases are and how often
they trigger. The warmup period calculation is not ideal as it's based
on linear writes where as fio is randomly writing multiple files from
multiple tasks so the start state of the test is variable. For example,
these are the latencies on a single-socket machine that had more memory
Amean mmap-4 42.2287 ( 0.00%) 49.6838 * -17.65%*
Amean mmap-7 216.4326 ( 0.00%) 47.4451 * 78.08%*
Amean mmap-12 2412.0588 ( 0.00%) 51.7497 ( 97.85%)
Amean mmap-21 5546.2548 ( 0.00%) 51.8862 ( 99.06%)
Amean mmap-30 1085.3121 ( 0.00%) 72.1004 ( 93.36%)
The overall system CPU usage and elapsed time is as follows
5.15.0-rc3 5.15.0-rc3
vanilla mm-reclaimcongest-v5r4
Duration User 6989.03 983.42
Duration System 7308.12 799.68
Duration Elapsed 2277.67 2092.98
The patches reduce system CPU usage by 89% as the vanilla kernel is rarely
stalling.
The high-level /proc/vmstats show
5.15.0-rc1 5.15.0-rc1
vanilla mm-reclaimcongest-v5r2
Ops Direct pages scanned 1056608451.00 503594991.00
Ops Kswapd pages scanned 109795048.00 147289810.00
Ops Kswapd pages reclaimed 63269243.00 31036005.00
Ops Direct pages reclaimed 10803973.00 6328887.00
Ops Kswapd efficiency % 57.62 21.07
Ops Kswapd velocity 48204.98 57572.86
Ops Direct efficiency % 1.02 1.26
Ops Direct velocity 463898.83 196845.97
Kswapd scanned less pages but the detailed pattern is different. The
vanilla kernel scans slowly over time where as the patches exhibits
burst patterns of scan activity. Direct reclaim scanning is reduced by
52% due to stalling.
The pattern for stealing pages is also slightly different. Both kernels
exhibit spikes but the vanilla kernel when reclaiming shows pages being
reclaimed over a period of time where as the patches tend to reclaim in
spikes. The difference is that vanilla is not throttling and instead
scanning constantly finding some pages over time where as the patched
kernel throttles and reclaims in spikes.
Ops Percentage direct scans 90.59 77.37
For direct reclaim, vanilla scanned 90.59% of pages where as with the
patches, 77.37% were direct reclaim due to throttling
Ops Page writes by reclaim 2613590.00 1687131.00
Page writes from reclaim context are reduced.
Ops Page writes anon 2932752.00 1917048.00
And there is less swapping.
Ops Page reclaim immediate 996248528.00 107664764.00
The number of pages encountered at the tail of the LRU tagged for
immediate reclaim but still dirty/writeback is reduced by 89%.
Ops Slabs scanned 164284.00 153608.00
Slab scan activity is similar.
ftrace was used to gather stall activity
Vanilla
-------
1 writeback_wait_iff_congested: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=16000
2 writeback_wait_iff_congested: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=12000
8 writeback_wait_iff_congested: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=8000
29 writeback_wait_iff_congested: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=4000
82394 writeback_wait_iff_congested: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=0
The fast majority of wait_iff_congested calls do not stall at all. What
is likely happening is that cond_resched() reschedules the task for a
short period when the BDI is not registering congestion (which it never
will in this test setup).
1 writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=120000
2 writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=132000
4 writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=112000
380 writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=108000
778 writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=104000
congestion_wait if called always exceeds the timeout as there is no
trigger to wake it up.
Bottom line: Vanilla will throttle but it's not effective.
Patch series
------------
Kswapd throttle activity was always due to scanning pages tagged for
immediate reclaim at the tail of the LRU
1 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=72000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
4 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=20000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
5 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=12000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
6 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=16000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
11 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=100000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
11 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=8000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
94 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=0 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
112 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=4000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
The majority of events did not stall or stalled for a short period.
Roughly 16% of stalls reached the timeout before expiry. For direct
reclaim, the number of times stalled for each reason were
6624 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_ISOLATED
93246 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
96934 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
The most common reason to stall was due to excessive pages tagged for
immediate reclaim at the tail of the LRU followed by a failure to make
forward. A relatively small number were due to too many pages isolated
from the LRU by parallel threads
For VMSCAN_THROTTLE_ISOLATED, the breakdown of delays was
9 usec_timeout=20000 usect_delayed=4000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_ISOLATED
12 usec_timeout=20000 usect_delayed=16000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_ISOLATED
83 usec_timeout=20000 usect_delayed=20000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_ISOLATED
6520 usec_timeout=20000 usect_delayed=0 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_ISOLATED
Most did not stall at all. A small number reached the timeout.
For VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS, the breakdown of stalls were all over
the map
1 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=324000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
1 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=332000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
1 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=348000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
1 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=360000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=228000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=260000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=340000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=364000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=372000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=428000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=460000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=464000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
3 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=244000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
3 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=252000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
3 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=272000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
4 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=188000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
4 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=268000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
4 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=328000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
4 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=380000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
4 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=392000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
4 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=432000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
5 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=204000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
5 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=220000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
5 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=412000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
5 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=436000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
6 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=488000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
7 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=212000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
7 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=300000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
7 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=316000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
7 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=472000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
8 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=248000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
8 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=356000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
8 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=456000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
9 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=124000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
9 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=376000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
9 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=484000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
10 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=172000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
10 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=420000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
10 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=452000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
11 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=256000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=112000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=116000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=144000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=152000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=264000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=384000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=424000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
12 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=492000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
13 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=184000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
13 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=444000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
14 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=308000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
14 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=440000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
14 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=476000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
16 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=140000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
17 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=232000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
17 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=240000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
17 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=280000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
18 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=404000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
20 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=148000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
20 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=216000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
20 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=468000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
21 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=448000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
23 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=168000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
23 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=296000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
25 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=132000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
25 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=352000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
26 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=180000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
27 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=284000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
28 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=164000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
29 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=136000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
30 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=200000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
30 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=400000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
31 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=196000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
32 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=156000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
33 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=224000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
35 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=128000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
35 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=176000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
36 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=368000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
36 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=496000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
37 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=312000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
38 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=304000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
40 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=288000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
43 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=408000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
55 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=416000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
56 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=76000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
58 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=120000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
59 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=208000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
61 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=68000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
71 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=192000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
71 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=480000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
79 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=60000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
82 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=320000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
82 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=92000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
85 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=64000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
85 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=80000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
88 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=84000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
90 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=160000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
90 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=292000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
94 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=56000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
118 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=88000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
119 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=72000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
126 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=108000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
146 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=52000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
148 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=36000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
148 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=48000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
159 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=28000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
178 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=44000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
183 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=40000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
237 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=100000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
266 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=32000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
313 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=24000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
347 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=96000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
470 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=20000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
559 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=16000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
964 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=12000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2001 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=104000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
2447 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=8000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
7888 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=4000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
22727 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=0 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
51305 usec_timeout=500000 usect_delayed=500000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS
The full timeout is often hit but a large number also do not stall at
all. The remainder slept a little allowing other reclaim tasks to make
progress.
While this timeout could be further increased, it could also negatively
impact worst-case behaviour when there is no prioritisation of what task
should make progress.
For VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK, the breakdown was
1 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=44000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
2 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=76000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
3 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=80000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
5 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=48000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
5 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=84000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
6 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=72000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
7 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=88000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
11 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=56000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
12 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=64000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
16 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=92000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
24 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=68000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
28 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=32000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
30 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=60000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
30 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=96000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
32 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=52000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
42 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=40000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
77 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=28000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
99 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=36000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
137 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=24000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
190 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=20000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
339 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=16000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
518 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=12000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
852 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=8000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
3359 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=4000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
7147 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=0 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
83962 usec_timeout=100000 usect_delayed=100000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK
The majority hit the timeout in direct reclaim context although a
sizable number did not stall at all. This is very different to kswapd
where only a tiny percentage of stalls due to writeback reached the
timeout.
Bottom line, the throttling appears to work and the wakeup events may
limit worst case stalls. There might be some grounds for adjusting
timeouts but it's likely futile as the worst-case scenarios depend on
the workload, memory size and the speed of the storage. A better
approach to improve the series further would be to prioritise tasks
based on their rate of allocation with the caveat that it may be very
expensive to track.
This patch (of 5):
Page reclaim throttles on wait_iff_congested under the following
conditions:
- kswapd is encountering pages under writeback and marked for immediate
reclaim implying that pages are cycling through the LRU faster than
pages can be cleaned.
- Direct reclaim will stall if all dirty pages are backed by congested
inodes.
wait_iff_congested is almost completely broken with few exceptions.
This patch adds a new node-based workqueue and tracks the number of
throttled tasks and pages written back since throttling started. If
enough pages belonging to the node are written back then the throttled
tasks will wake early. If not, the throttled tasks sleeps until the
timeout expires.
[neilb@suse.de: Uninterruptible sleep and simpler wakeups]
[hdanton@sina.com: Avoid race when reclaim starts]
[vbabka@suse.cz: vmstat irq-safe api, clarifications]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/45d8b7a6-8548-65f5-cccf-9f451d4ae3d4@kernel.dk/ [1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-1-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-2-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rename writeback_dirty_page() to writeback_dirty_folio() and
wait_on_page_writeback() to folio_wait_writeback().
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
The page was only being used for the memcg and to gather trace
information, so this is a simple conversion. The only caller of
mem_cgroup_track_foreign_dirty() will be converted to folios in a later
patch, so doing this now makes that patch simpler.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Alexei Starovoitov says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2020-12-03
The main changes are:
1) Support BTF in kernel modules, from Andrii.
2) Introduce preferred busy-polling, from Björn.
3) bpf_ima_inode_hash() and bpf_bprm_opts_set() helpers, from KP Singh.
4) Memcg-based memory accounting for bpf objects, from Roman.
5) Allow bpf_{s,g}etsockopt from cgroup bind{4,6} hooks, from Stanislav.
* https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (118 commits)
selftests/bpf: Fix invalid use of strncat in test_sockmap
libbpf: Use memcpy instead of strncpy to please GCC
selftests/bpf: Add fentry/fexit/fmod_ret selftest for kernel module
selftests/bpf: Add tp_btf CO-RE reloc test for modules
libbpf: Support attachment of BPF tracing programs to kernel modules
libbpf: Factor out low-level BPF program loading helper
bpf: Allow to specify kernel module BTFs when attaching BPF programs
bpf: Remove hard-coded btf_vmlinux assumption from BPF verifier
selftests/bpf: Add CO-RE relocs selftest relying on kernel module BTF
selftests/bpf: Add support for marking sub-tests as skipped
selftests/bpf: Add bpf_testmod kernel module for testing
libbpf: Add kernel module BTF support for CO-RE relocations
libbpf: Refactor CO-RE relocs to not assume a single BTF object
libbpf: Add internal helper to load BTF data by FD
bpf: Keep module's btf_data_size intact after load
bpf: Fix bpf_put_raw_tracepoint()'s use of __module_address()
selftests/bpf: Add Userspace tests for TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP
bpf: Adds support for setting window clamp
samples/bpf: Fix spelling mistake "recieving" -> "receiving"
bpf: Fix cold build of test_progs-no_alu32
...
====================
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201204021936.85653-1-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Patch series "mm: allow mapping accounted kernel pages to userspace", v6.
Currently a non-slab kernel page which has been charged to a memory cgroup
can't be mapped to userspace. The underlying reason is simple: PageKmemcg
flag is defined as a page type (like buddy, offline, etc), so it takes a
bit from a page->mapped counter. Pages with a type set can't be mapped to
userspace.
But in general the kmemcg flag has nothing to do with mapping to
userspace. It only means that the page has been accounted by the page
allocator, so it has to be properly uncharged on release.
Some bpf maps are mapping the vmalloc-based memory to userspace, and their
memory can't be accounted because of this implementation detail.
This patchset removes this limitation by moving the PageKmemcg flag into
one of the free bits of the page->mem_cgroup pointer. Also it formalizes
accesses to the page->mem_cgroup and page->obj_cgroups using new helpers,
adds several checks and removes a couple of obsolete functions. As the
result the code became more robust with fewer open-coded bit tricks.
This patch (of 4):
Currently there are many open-coded reads of the page->mem_cgroup pointer,
as well as a couple of read helpers, which are barely used.
It creates an obstacle on a way to reuse some bits of the pointer for
storing additional bits of information. In fact, we already do this for
slab pages, where the last bit indicates that a pointer has an attached
vector of objcg pointers instead of a regular memcg pointer.
This commits uses 2 existing helpers and introduces a new helper to
converts all read sides to calls of these helpers:
struct mem_cgroup *page_memcg(struct page *page);
struct mem_cgroup *page_memcg_rcu(struct page *page);
struct mem_cgroup *page_memcg_check(struct page *page);
page_memcg_check() is intended to be used in cases when the page can be a
slab page and have a memcg pointer pointing at objcg vector. It does
check the lowest bit, and if set, returns NULL. page_memcg() contains a
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() check for the page not being a slab page.
To make sure nobody uses a direct access, struct page's
mem_cgroup/obj_cgroups is converted to unsigned long memcg_data.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201027001657.3398190-1-guro@fb.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201027001657.3398190-2-guro@fb.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201201215900.3569844-2-guro@fb.com
The bdi_dev_name() returns a char [64], and
the __entry->name is a char [32].
It maybe dangerous to TP_printk("%s", __entry->name)
after the strncpy().
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201124165205.GA23937@rlk
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hui Su <sh_def@163.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
The only use of I_DIRTY_TIME_EXPIRE is to detect in
__writeback_single_inode() that inode got there because flush worker
decided it's time to writeback the dirty inode time stamps (either
because we are syncing or because of age). However we can detect this
directly in __writeback_single_inode() and there's no need for the
strange propagation with I_DIRTY_TIME_EXPIRE flag.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
When we are processing writeback for sync(2), move_expired_inodes()
didn't set any inode expiry value (older_than_this). This can result in
writeback never completing if there's steady stream of inodes added to
b_dirty_time list as writeback rechecks dirty lists after each writeback
round whether there's more work to be done. Fix the problem by using
sync(2) start time is inode expiry value when processing b_dirty_time
list similarly as for ordinarily dirtied inodes. This requires some
refactoring of older_than_this handling which simplifies the code
noticeably as a bonus.
Fixes: 0ae45f63d4 ("vfs: add support for a lazytime mount option")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
After an NFS page has been written it is considered "unstable" until a
COMMIT request succeeds. If the COMMIT fails, the page will be
re-written.
These "unstable" pages are currently accounted as "reclaimable", either
in WB_RECLAIMABLE, or in NR_UNSTABLE_NFS which is included in a
'reclaimable' count. This might have made sense when sending the COMMIT
required a separate action by the VFS/MM (e.g. releasepage() used to
send a COMMIT). However now that all writes generated by ->writepages()
will automatically be followed by a COMMIT (since commit 919e3bd9a8
("NFS: Ensure we commit after writeback is complete")) it makes more
sense to treat them as writeback pages.
So this patch removes NR_UNSTABLE_NFS and accounts unstable pages in
NR_WRITEBACK and WB_WRITEBACK.
A particular effect of this change is that when
wb_check_background_flush() calls wb_over_bg_threshold(), the latter
will report 'true' a lot less often as the 'unstable' pages are no
longer considered 'dirty' (as there is nothing that writeback can do
about them anyway).
Currently wb_check_background_flush() will trigger writeback to NFS even
when there are relatively few dirty pages (if there are lots of unstable
pages), this can result in small writes going to the server (10s of
Kilobytes rather than a Megabyte) which hurts throughput. With this
patch, there are fewer writes which are each larger on average.
Where the NR_UNSTABLE_NFS count was included in statistics
virtual-files, the entry is retained, but the value is hard-coded as
zero. static trace points and warning printks which mentioned this
counter no longer report it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: re-layout comment]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warning]
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> [mm]
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87d06j7gqa.fsf@notabene.neil.brown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
free_more_memory func has been completely removed in commit bc48f001de
("buffer: eliminate the need to call free_more_memory() in __getblk_slow()")
So comment and `WB_REASON_FREE_MORE_MEM` reason about free_more_memory
are no longer needed.
Fixes: bc48f001de ("buffer: eliminate the need to call free_more_memory() in __getblk_slow()")
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Zhiqiang Liu <liuzhiqiang26@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Without memcg, there is a one-to-one mapping between the bdi and
bdi_writeback structures. In this world, things are fairly
straightforward; the first thing bdi_unregister() does is to shutdown
the bdi_writeback structure (or wb), and part of that writeback ensures
that no other work queued against the wb, and that the wb is fully
drained.
With memcg, however, there is a one-to-many relationship between the bdi
and bdi_writeback structures; that is, there are multiple wb objects
which can all point to a single bdi. There is a refcount which prevents
the bdi object from being released (and hence, unregistered). So in
theory, the bdi_unregister() *should* only get called once its refcount
goes to zero (bdi_put will drop the refcount, and when it is zero,
release_bdi gets called, which calls bdi_unregister).
Unfortunately, del_gendisk() in block/gen_hd.c never got the memo about
the Brave New memcg World, and calls bdi_unregister directly. It does
this without informing the file system, or the memcg code, or anything
else. This causes the root wb associated with the bdi to be
unregistered, but none of the memcg-specific wb's are shutdown. So when
one of these wb's are woken up to do delayed work, they try to
dereference their wb->bdi->dev to fetch the device name, but
unfortunately bdi->dev is now NULL, thanks to the bdi_unregister()
called by del_gendisk(). As a result, *boom*.
Fortunately, it looks like the rest of the writeback path is perfectly
happy with bdi->dev and bdi->owner being NULL, so the simplest fix is to
create a bdi_dev_name() function which can handle bdi->dev being NULL.
This also allows us to bulletproof the writeback tracepoints to prevent
them from dereferencing a NULL pointer and crashing the kernel if one is
tracing with memcg's enabled, and an iSCSI device dies or a USB storage
stick is pulled.
The most common way of triggering this will be hotremoval of a device
while writeback with memcg enabled is going on. It was triggering
several times a day in a heavily loaded production environment.
Google Bug Id: 145475544
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191227194829.150110-1-tytso@mit.edu
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191228005211.163952-1-tytso@mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The commit f05499a06f ("writeback: use ino_t for inodes in
tracepoints") introduced a lot of GCC compilation warnings on s390,
In file included from ./include/trace/define_trace.h:102,
from ./include/trace/events/writeback.h:904,
from fs/fs-writeback.c:82:
./include/trace/events/writeback.h: In function
'trace_raw_output_writeback_page_template':
./include/trace/events/writeback.h:76:12: warning: format '%lu' expects
argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 4 has type 'ino_t'
{aka 'unsigned int'} [-Wformat=]
TP_printk("bdi %s: ino=%lu index=%lu",
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
./include/trace/trace_events.h:360:22: note: in definition of macro
'DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS'
trace_seq_printf(s, print); \
^~~~~
./include/trace/events/writeback.h:76:2: note: in expansion of macro
'TP_printk'
TP_printk("bdi %s: ino=%lu index=%lu",
^~~~~~~~~
Fix them by adding necessary casts where ino_t could be either "unsigned
int" or "unsigned long".
Fixes: f05499a06f ("writeback: use ino_t for inodes in tracepoints")
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
kernfs_node->id is currently a union kernfs_node_id which represents
either a 32bit (ino, gen) pair or u64 value. I can't see much value
in the usage of the union - all that's needed is a 64bit ID which the
current code is already limited to. Using a union makes the code
unnecessarily complicated and prevents using 64bit ino without adding
practical benefits.
This patch drops union kernfs_node_id and makes kernfs_node->id a u64.
ino is stored in the lower 32bits and gen upper. Accessors -
kernfs[_id]_ino() and kernfs[_id]_gen() - are added to retrieve the
ino and gen. This simplifies ID handling less cumbersome and will
allow using 64bit inos on supported archs.
This patch doesn't make any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Writeback TPs currently use mix of 32 and 64bits for inos. This isn't
currently broken because only cgroup inos are using 32bits and they're
limited to 32bits. cgroup inos will make use of 64bits. Let's
uniformly use ino_t.
While at it, switch the default cgroup ino value used when cgroup is
disabled to 1 instead of -1U as root cgroup always uses ino 1.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
There are many of those warnings.
In file included from ./arch/powerpc/include/asm/paca.h:15,
from ./arch/powerpc/include/asm/current.h:13,
from ./include/linux/thread_info.h:21,
from ./include/asm-generic/preempt.h:5,
from ./arch/powerpc/include/generated/asm/preempt.h:1,
from ./include/linux/preempt.h:78,
from ./include/linux/spinlock.h:51,
from fs/fs-writeback.c:19:
In function 'strncpy',
inlined from 'perf_trace_writeback_page_template' at
./include/trace/events/writeback.h:56:1:
./include/linux/string.h:260:9: warning: '__builtin_strncpy' specified
bound 32 equals destination size [-Wstringop-truncation]
return __builtin_strncpy(p, q, size);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Fix it by using the new strscpy_pad() which was introduced in "lib/string:
Add strscpy_pad() function" and will always be NUL-terminated instead of
strncpy(). Also, change strlcpy() to use strscpy_pad() in this file for
consistency.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1564075099-27750-1-git-send-email-cai@lca.pw
Fixes: 455b286468 ("writeback: Initial tracing support")
Fixes: 028c2dd184 ("writeback: Add tracing to balance_dirty_pages")
Fixes: e84d0a4f8e ("writeback: trace event writeback_queue_io")
Fixes: b48c104d22 ("writeback: trace event bdi_dirty_ratelimit")
Fixes: cc1676d917 ("writeback: Move requeueing when I_SYNC set to writeback_sb_inodes()")
Fixes: 9fb0a7da0c ("writeback: add more tracepoints")
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tobin C. Harding <tobin@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Nitin Gote <nitin.r.gote@intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <rasmus.villemoes@prevas.dk>
Cc: Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page->mapping may encode different values in it and page_mapping()
should always be used to access the mapping pointer.
track_foreign_dirty tracepoint was incorrectly accessing page->mapping
directly. Use page_mapping() instead. Also, add NULL checks while at
it.
Fixes: 3a8e9ac89e ("writeback: add tracepoints for cgroup foreign writebacks")
Reported-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
cgroup foreign inode handling has quite a bit of heuristics and
internal states which sometimes makes it difficult to understand
what's going on. Add tracepoints to improve visibility.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Recently there have been some hung tasks on our server due to
wait_on_page_writeback(), and we want to know the details of this
PG_writeback, i.e. this page is writing back to which device. But it is
not so convenient to get the details.
I think it would be better to introduce a tracepoint for diagnosing the
writeback details.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1556274402-19018-1-git-send-email-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull core block layer updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the main pull request for block storage for 4.15-rc1.
Nothing out of the ordinary in here, and no API changes or anything
like that. Just various new features for drivers, core changes, etc.
In particular, this pull request contains:
- A patch series from Bart, closing the whole on blk/scsi-mq queue
quescing.
- A series from Christoph, building towards hidden gendisks (for
multipath) and ability to move bio chains around.
- NVMe
- Support for native multipath for NVMe (Christoph).
- Userspace notifications for AENs (Keith).
- Command side-effects support (Keith).
- SGL support (Chaitanya Kulkarni)
- FC fixes and improvements (James Smart)
- Lots of fixes and tweaks (Various)
- bcache
- New maintainer (Michael Lyle)
- Writeback control improvements (Michael)
- Various fixes (Coly, Elena, Eric, Liang, et al)
- lightnvm updates, mostly centered around the pblk interface
(Javier, Hans, and Rakesh).
- Removal of unused bio/bvec kmap atomic interfaces (me, Christoph)
- Writeback series that fix the much discussed hundreds of millions
of sync-all units. This goes all the way, as discussed previously
(me).
- Fix for missing wakeup on writeback timer adjustments (Yafang
Shao).
- Fix laptop mode on blk-mq (me).
- {mq,name} tupple lookup for IO schedulers, allowing us to have
alias names. This means you can use 'deadline' on both !mq and on
mq (where it's called mq-deadline). (me).
- blktrace race fix, oopsing on sg load (me).
- blk-mq optimizations (me).
- Obscure waitqueue race fix for kyber (Omar).
- NBD fixes (Josef).
- Disable writeback throttling by default on bfq, like we do on cfq
(Luca Miccio).
- Series from Ming that enable us to treat flush requests on blk-mq
like any other request. This is a really nice cleanup.
- Series from Ming that improves merging on blk-mq with schedulers,
getting us closer to flipping the switch on scsi-mq again.
- BFQ updates (Paolo).
- blk-mq atomic flags memory ordering fixes (Peter Z).
- Loop cgroup support (Shaohua).
- Lots of minor fixes from lots of different folks, both for core and
driver code"
* 'for-4.15/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (294 commits)
nvme: fix visibility of "uuid" ns attribute
blk-mq: fixup some comment typos and lengths
ide: ide-atapi: fix compile error with defining macro DEBUG
blk-mq: improve tag waiting setup for non-shared tags
brd: remove unused brd_mutex
blk-mq: only run the hardware queue if IO is pending
block: avoid null pointer dereference on null disk
fs: guard_bio_eod() needs to consider partitions
xtensa/simdisk: fix compile error
nvme: expose subsys attribute to sysfs
nvme: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden controllers
block: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden gendisks
nvme: also expose the namespace identification sysfs files for mpath nodes
nvme: implement multipath access to nvme subsystems
nvme: track shared namespaces
nvme: introduce a nvme_ns_ids structure
nvme: track subsystems
block, nvme: Introduce blk_mq_req_flags_t
block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably
block: Add the QUEUE_FLAG_PREEMPT_ONLY request queue flag
...
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Handle start-all writeback like we do periodic or kupdate
style writeback - by marking the bdi_writeback as needing a full
flush, and simply waking the thread. This eliminates the need to
allocate and queue a specific work item just for this purpose.
After this change, we truly only ever have one of them running at
any point in time. We mark the need to start all flushes, and the
writeback thread will clear it once it has processed the request.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
inode number and generation can identify a kernfs node. We are going to
export the identification by exportfs operations, so put ino and
generation into a separate structure. It's convenient when later patches
use the identification.
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Memory pressure can put dirty pages at the end of the LRU without
anybody running into dirty limits. Don't start writing individual pages
from kswapd while the flushers might be asleep.
Unlike the old direct reclaim flusher wakeup (removed in the next patch)
that flushes the number of pages just scanned, this patch wakes the
flushers for all outstanding dirty pages. That seemed to perform better
in a synthetic test that pushes dirty pages to the end of the LRU and
into reclaim, because we know LRU aging outstrips writeback already, and
this way we give younger dirty pages a headstart rather than wait until
reclaim runs into them as well. It also means less plugging and risk of
exhausting the struct request pool from reclaim.
There is a concern that this will cause temporary files that used to get
dirtied and truncated before writeback to now get written to disk under
memory pressure. If this turns out to be a real problem, we'll have to
revisit this and tame the reclaim flusher wakeups.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: mention dirty expiration as a condition]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170126174739.GA30636@cmpxchg.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123181641.23938-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As reclaim is now node-based, it follows that page write activity due to
page reclaim should also be accounted for on the node. For consistency,
also account page writes and page dirtying on a per-node basis.
After this patch, there are a few remaining zone counters that may appear
strange but are fine. NUMA stats are still per-zone as this is a
user-space interface that tools consume. NR_MLOCK, NR_SLAB_*,
NR_PAGETABLE, NR_KERNEL_STACK and NR_BOUNCE are all allocations that
potentially pin low memory and cannot trivially be reclaimed on demand.
This information is still useful for debugging a page allocation failure
warning.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-21-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are now a number of accounting oddities such as mapped file pages
being accounted for on the node while the total number of file pages are
accounted on the zone. This can be coped with to some extent but it's
confusing so this patch moves the relevant file-based accounted. Due to
throttling logic in the page allocator for reliable OOM detection, it is
still necessary to track dirty and writeback pages on a per-zone basis.
[mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING accounting]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468404004-5085-5-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-20-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The per-sb inode writeback list tracks inodes currently under writeback
to facilitate efficient sync processing. In particular, it ensures that
sync only needs to walk through a list of inodes that were cleaned by
the sync.
Add a couple tracepoints to help identify when inodes are added/removed
to and from the writeback lists. Piggyback off of the writeback
lazytime tracepoint template as it already tracks the relevant inode
information.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466594593-6757-3-git-send-email-bfoster@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Holger Hoffstätte <holger.hoffstaette@applied-asynchrony.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
commit 5634cc2aa9 ("writeback: update writeback
tracepoints to report cgroup") made writeback tracepoints print out cgroup
path when CGROUP_WRITEBACK is enabled, but it may trigger the below bug on -rt
kernel since kernfs_path and kernfs_path_len are called by tracepoints, which
acquire spin lock that is sleepable on -rt kernel.
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/rtmutex.c:930
in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, pid: 625, name: kworker/u16:3
INFO: lockdep is turned off.
Preemption disabled at:[<ffffffc000374a5c>] wb_writeback+0xec/0x830
CPU: 7 PID: 625 Comm: kworker/u16:3 Not tainted 4.4.1-rt5 #20
Hardware name: Freescale Layerscape 2085a RDB Board (DT)
Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-7:0)
Call trace:
[<ffffffc00008d708>] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x200
[<ffffffc00008d92c>] show_stack+0x24/0x30
[<ffffffc0007b0f40>] dump_stack+0x88/0xa8
[<ffffffc000127d74>] ___might_sleep+0x2ec/0x300
[<ffffffc000d5d550>] rt_spin_lock+0x38/0xb8
[<ffffffc0003e0548>] kernfs_path_len+0x30/0x90
[<ffffffc00036b360>] trace_event_raw_event_writeback_work_class+0xe8/0x2e8
[<ffffffc000374f90>] wb_writeback+0x620/0x830
[<ffffffc000376224>] wb_workfn+0x61c/0x950
[<ffffffc000110adc>] process_one_work+0x3ac/0xb30
[<ffffffc0001112fc>] worker_thread+0x9c/0x7a8
[<ffffffc00011a9e8>] kthread+0x190/0x1b0
[<ffffffc000086ca0>] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x30
With unlocked kernfs_* functions, synchronize_sched() has to be called in
kernfs_rename which could be called in syscall path, but it is problematic.
So, print out cgroup ino instead of path name, which could be converted to
path name by userland.
Withouth CGROUP_WRITEBACK enabled, it just prints out root dir. But, root
dir ino vary from different filesystems, so printing out -1U to indicate
an invalid cgroup ino.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456996137-8354-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The following tracepoints are updated to report the cgroup used during
cgroup writeback.
* writeback_write_inode[_start]
* writeback_queue
* writeback_exec
* writeback_start
* writeback_written
* writeback_wait
* writeback_nowork
* writeback_wake_background
* wbc_writepage
* writeback_queue_io
* bdi_dirty_ratelimit
* balance_dirty_pages
* writeback_sb_inodes_requeue
* writeback_single_inode[_start]
Note that writeback_bdi_register is separated out from writeback_class
as reporting cgroup doesn't make sense to it. Tracepoints which take
bdi are updated to take bdi_writeback instead.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Pull cgroup writeback support from Jens Axboe:
"This is the big pull request for adding cgroup writeback support.
This code has been in development for a long time, and it has been
simmering in for-next for a good chunk of this cycle too. This is one
of those problems that has been talked about for at least half a
decade, finally there's a solution and code to go with it.
Also see last weeks writeup on LWN:
http://lwn.net/Articles/648292/"
* 'for-4.2/writeback' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (85 commits)
writeback, blkio: add documentation for cgroup writeback support
vfs, writeback: replace FS_CGROUP_WRITEBACK with SB_I_CGROUPWB
writeback: do foreign inode detection iff cgroup writeback is enabled
v9fs: fix error handling in v9fs_session_init()
bdi: fix wrong error return value in cgwb_create()
buffer: remove unusued 'ret' variable
writeback: disassociate inodes from dying bdi_writebacks
writeback: implement foreign cgroup inode bdi_writeback switching
writeback: add lockdep annotation to inode_to_wb()
writeback: use unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction in inode_congested()
writeback: implement unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction and use it for stat updates
writeback: implement [locked_]inode_to_wb_and_lock_list()
writeback: implement foreign cgroup inode detection
writeback: make writeback_control track the inode being written back
writeback: relocate wb[_try]_get(), wb_put(), inode_{attach|detach}_wb()
mm: vmscan: disable memcg direct reclaim stalling if cgroup writeback support is in use
writeback: implement memcg writeback domain based throttling
writeback: reset wb_domain->dirty_limit[_tstmp] when memcg domain size changes
writeback: implement memcg wb_domain
writeback: update wb_over_bg_thresh() to use wb_domain aware operations
...
This patch is a part of the series to define wb_domain which
represents a domain that wb's (bdi_writeback's) belong to and are
measured against each other in. This will enable IO backpressure
propagation for cgroup writeback.
global_dirty_limit exists to regulate the global dirty threshold which
is a property of the wb_domain. This patch moves hard_dirty_limit,
dirty_lock, and update_time into wb_domain.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, a bdi (backing_dev_info) embeds single wb (bdi_writeback)
and the role of the separation is unclear. For cgroup support for
writeback IOs, a bdi will be updated to host multiple wb's where each
wb serves writeback IOs of a different cgroup on the bdi. To achieve
that, a wb should carry all states necessary for servicing writeback
IOs for a cgroup independently.
This patch moves bandwidth related fields from backing_dev_info into
bdi_writeback.
* The moved fields are: bw_time_stamp, dirtied_stamp, written_stamp,
write_bandwidth, avg_write_bandwidth, dirty_ratelimit,
balanced_dirty_ratelimit, completions and dirty_exceeded.
* writeback_chunk_size() and over_bground_thresh() now take @wb
instead of @bdi.
* bdi_writeout_fraction(bdi, ...) -> wb_writeout_fraction(wb, ...)
bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, ...) -> wb_dirty_limit(wb, ...)
bdi_position_ration(bdi, ...) -> wb_position_ratio(wb, ...)
bdi_update_writebandwidth(bdi, ...) -> wb_update_write_bandwidth(wb, ...)
[__]bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, ...) -> [__]wb_update_bandwidth(wb, ...)
bdi_{max|min}_pause(bdi, ...) -> wb_{max|min}_pause(wb, ...)
bdi_dirty_limits(bdi, ...) -> wb_dirty_limits(wb, ...)
* Init/exits of the relocated fields are moved to bdi_wb_init/exit()
respectively. Note that explicit zeroing is dropped in the process
as wb's are cleared in entirety anyway.
* As there's still only one bdi_writeback per backing_dev_info, all
uses of bdi->stat[] are mechanically replaced with bdi->wb.stat[]
introducing no behavior changes.
v2: Typo in description fixed as suggested by Jan.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
bdi_unregister() now contains very little functionality.
It contains a "WARN_ON" if bdi->dev is NULL. This warning is of no
real consequence as bdi->dev isn't needed by anything else in the function,
and it triggers if
blk_cleanup_queue() -> bdi_destroy()
is called before bdi_unregister, which happens since
Commit: 6cd18e711d ("block: destroy bdi before blockdev is unregistered.")
So this isn't wanted.
It also calls bdi_set_min_ratio(). This needs to be called after
writes through the bdi have all been flushed, and before the bdi is destroyed.
Calling it early is better than calling it late as it frees up a global
resource.
Calling it immediately after bdi_wb_shutdown() in bdi_destroy()
perfectly fits these requirements.
So bdi_unregister() can be discarded with the important content moved to
bdi_destroy(), as can the
writeback_bdi_unregister
event which is already not used.
Reported-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org (v4.0)
Fixes: c4db59d31e ("fs: don't reassign dirty inodes to default_backing_dev_info")
Fixes: 6cd18e711d ("block: destroy bdi before blockdev is unregistered.")
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Tested-by: Nicholas Moulin <nicholas.w.moulin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The enums used in tracepoints for __print_symbolic() do not have their
values shown in the tracepoint format files and this makes it difficult
for user space tools to convert the binary values to the strings they
are to represent.
Add TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(x) macros to export the enum names to their values
to make the tracing output from user space tools more robust.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150403013802.220157513@goodmis.org
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull lazytime mount option support from Al Viro:
"Lazytime stuff from tytso"
* 'lazytime' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
ext4: add optimization for the lazytime mount option
vfs: add find_inode_nowait() function
vfs: add support for a lazytime mount option
Add a new mount option which enables a new "lazytime" mode. This mode
causes atime, mtime, and ctime updates to only be made to the
in-memory version of the inode. The on-disk times will only get
updated when (a) if the inode needs to be updated for some non-time
related change, (b) if userspace calls fsync(), syncfs() or sync(), or
(c) just before an undeleted inode is evicted from memory.
This is OK according to POSIX because there are no guarantees after a
crash unless userspace explicitly requests via a fsync(2) call.
For workloads which feature a large number of random write to a
preallocated file, the lazytime mount option significantly reduces
writes to the inode table. The repeated 4k writes to a single block
will result in undesirable stress on flash devices and SMR disk
drives. Even on conventional HDD's, the repeated writes to the inode
table block will trigger Adjacent Track Interference (ATI) remediation
latencies, which very negatively impact long tail latencies --- which
is a very big deal for web serving tiers (for example).
Google-Bug-Id: 18297052
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Now that default_backing_dev_info is not used for writeback purposes we can
git rid of it easily:
- instead of using it's name for tracing unregistered bdi we just use
"unknown"
- btrfs and ceph can just assign the default read ahead window themselves
like several other filesystems already do.
- we can assign noop_backing_dev_info as the default one in alloc_super.
All filesystems already either assigned their own or
noop_backing_dev_info.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Now that we got rid of the bdi abuse on character devices we can always use
sb->s_bdi to get at the backing_dev_info for a file, except for the block
device special case. Export inode_to_bdi and replace uses of
mapping->backing_dev_info with it to prepare for the removal of
mapping->backing_dev_info.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
But there were a few features that were added.
Uprobes now work with event triggers and multi buffers.
Uprobes have support under ftrace and perf.
The big feature is that the function tracer can now be used within the
multi buffer instances. That is, you can now trace some functions
in one buffer, others in another buffer, all functions in a third buffer
and so on. They are basically agnostic from each other. This only
works for the function tracer and not for the function graph trace,
although you can have the function graph tracer running in the top level
buffer (or any tracer for that matter) and have different function tracing
going on in the sub buffers.
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Merge tag 'trace-3.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
"Most of the changes were largely clean ups, and some documentation.
But there were a few features that were added:
Uprobes now work with event triggers and multi buffers and have
support under ftrace and perf.
The big feature is that the function tracer can now be used within the
multi buffer instances. That is, you can now trace some functions in
one buffer, others in another buffer, all functions in a third buffer
and so on. They are basically agnostic from each other. This only
works for the function tracer and not for the function graph trace,
although you can have the function graph tracer running in the top
level buffer (or any tracer for that matter) and have different
function tracing going on in the sub buffers"
* tag 'trace-3.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (45 commits)
tracing: Add BUG_ON when stack end location is over written
tracepoint: Remove unused API functions
Revert "tracing: Move event storage for array from macro to standalone function"
ftrace: Constify ftrace_text_reserved
tracepoints: API doc update to tracepoint_probe_register() return value
tracepoints: API doc update to data argument
ftrace: Fix compilation warning about control_ops_free
ftrace/x86: BUG when ftrace recovery fails
ftrace: Warn on error when modifying ftrace function
ftrace: Remove freelist from struct dyn_ftrace
ftrace: Do not pass data to ftrace_dyn_arch_init
ftrace: Pass retval through return in ftrace_dyn_arch_init()
ftrace: Inline the code from ftrace_dyn_table_alloc()
ftrace: Cleanup of global variables ftrace_new_pgs and ftrace_update_cnt
tracing: Evaluate len expression only once in __dynamic_array macro
tracing: Correctly expand len expressions from __dynamic_array macro
tracing/module: Replace include of tracepoint.h with jump_label.h in module.h
tracing: Fix event header migrate.h to include tracepoint.h
tracing: Fix event header writeback.h to include tracepoint.h
tracing: Warn if a tracepoint is not set via debugfs
...
The trace event headers are required to include tracepoint.h. The only reason
they worked now is because module.h included tracepoint.h, and that will soon
change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140226190644.442886305@goodmis.org
Fixes: 455b286468 "writeback: Initial tracing support"
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This reverts commit c4a391b53a. Dave
Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> has reported the commit may cause some
inodes to be left out from sync(2). This is because we can call
redirty_tail() for some inode (which sets i_dirtied_when to current time)
after sync(2) has started or similarly requeue_inode() can set
i_dirtied_when to current time if writeback had to skip some pages. The
real problem is in the functions clobbering i_dirtied_when but fixing
that isn't trivial so revert is a safer choice for now.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # >= 3.13
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
When there are processes heavily creating small files while sync(2) is
running, it can easily happen that quite some new files are created
between WB_SYNC_NONE and WB_SYNC_ALL pass of sync(2). That can happen
especially if there are several busy filesystems (remember that sync
traverses filesystems sequentially and waits in WB_SYNC_ALL phase on one
fs before starting it on another fs). Because WB_SYNC_ALL pass is slow
(e.g. causes a transaction commit and cache flush for each inode in
ext3), resulting sync(2) times are rather large.
The following script reproduces the problem:
function run_writers
{
for (( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )); do
mkdir $1/dir$i
for (( j = 0; j < 40000; j++ )); do
dd if=/dev/zero of=$1/dir$i/$j bs=4k count=4 &>/dev/null
done &
done
}
for dir in "$@"; do
run_writers $dir
done
sleep 40
time sync
Fix the problem by disregarding inodes dirtied after sync(2) was called
in the WB_SYNC_ALL pass. To allow for this, sync_inodes_sb() now takes
a time stamp when sync has started which is used for setting up work for
flusher threads.
To give some numbers, when above script is run on two ext4 filesystems
on simple SATA drive, the average sync time from 10 runs is 267.549
seconds with standard deviation 104.799426. With the patched kernel,
the average sync time from 10 runs is 2.995 seconds with standard
deviation 0.096.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Writeback implements its own worker pool - each bdi can be associated
with a worker thread which is created and destroyed dynamically. The
worker thread for the default bdi is always present and serves as the
"forker" thread which forks off worker threads for other bdis.
there's no reason for writeback to implement its own worker pool when
using unbound workqueue instead is much simpler and more efficient.
This patch replaces custom worker pool implementation in writeback
with an unbound workqueue.
The conversion isn't too complicated but the followings are worth
mentioning.
* bdi_writeback->last_active, task and wakeup_timer are removed.
delayed_work ->dwork is added instead. Explicit timer handling is
no longer necessary. Everything works by either queueing / modding
/ flushing / canceling the delayed_work item.
* bdi_writeback_thread() becomes bdi_writeback_workfn() which runs off
bdi_writeback->dwork. On each execution, it processes
bdi->work_list and reschedules itself if there are more things to
do.
The function also handles low-mem condition, which used to be
handled by the forker thread. If the function is running off a
rescuer thread, it only writes out limited number of pages so that
the rescuer can serve other bdis too. This preserves the flusher
creation failure behavior of the forker thread.
* INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdi->bdi_list) is used to tell
bdi_writeback_workfn() about on-going bdi unregistration so that it
always drains work_list even if it's running off the rescuer. Note
that the original code was broken in this regard. Under memory
pressure, a bdi could finish unregistration with non-empty
work_list.
* The default bdi is no longer special. It now is treated the same as
any other bdi and bdi_cap_flush_forker() is removed.
* BDI_pending is no longer used. Removed.
* Some tracepoints become non-applicable. The following TPs are
removed - writeback_nothread, writeback_wake_thread,
writeback_wake_forker_thread, writeback_thread_start,
writeback_thread_stop.
Everything, including devices coming and going away and rescuer
operation under simulated memory pressure, seems to work fine in my
test setup.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Add tracepoints for page dirtying, writeback_single_inode start, inode
dirtying and writeback. For the latter two inode events, a pair of
events are defined to denote start and end of the operations (the
starting one has _start suffix and the one w/o suffix happens after
the operation is complete). These inode ops are FS specific and can
be non-trivial and having enclosing tracepoints is useful for external
tracers.
This is part of tracepoint additions to improve visiblity into
dirtying / writeback operations for io tracer and userland.
v2: writeback_dirty_inode[_start] TPs may be called for files on
pseudo FSes w/ unregistered bdi. Check whether bdi->dev is %NULL
before dereferencing.
v3: buffer dirtying moved to a block TP.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
When writeback_single_inode() is called on inode which has I_SYNC already
set while doing WB_SYNC_NONE, inode is moved to b_more_io list. However
this makes sense only if the caller is flusher thread. For other callers of
writeback_single_inode() it doesn't really make sense and may be even wrong
- flusher thread may be doing WB_SYNC_ALL writeback in parallel.
So we move requeueing from writeback_single_inode() to writeback_sb_inodes().
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
"[RFC PATCH 0/2] audit of linux/device.h users in include/*"
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/3/4/159
--
Nearly every subsystem has some kind of header with a proto like:
void foo(struct device *dev);
and yet there is no reason for most of these guys to care about the
sub fields within the device struct. This allows us to significantly
reduce the scope of headers including headers. For this instance, a
reduction of about 40% is achieved by replacing the include with the
simple fact that the device is some kind of a struct.
Unlike the much larger module.h cleanup, this one is simply two
commits. One to fix the implicit <linux/device.h> users, and then
one to delete the device.h includes from the linux/include/ dir
wherever possible.
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Merge tag 'device-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux
Pull <linux/device.h> avoidance patches from Paul Gortmaker:
"Nearly every subsystem has some kind of header with a proto like:
void foo(struct device *dev);
and yet there is no reason for most of these guys to care about the
sub fields within the device struct. This allows us to significantly
reduce the scope of headers including headers. For this instance, a
reduction of about 40% is achieved by replacing the include with the
simple fact that the device is some kind of a struct.
Unlike the much larger module.h cleanup, this one is simply two
commits. One to fix the implicit <linux/device.h> users, and then one
to delete the device.h includes from the linux/include/ dir wherever
possible."
* tag 'device-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
device.h: audit and cleanup users in main include dir
device.h: cleanup users outside of linux/include (C files)
The <linux/device.h> header includes a lot of stuff, and
it in turn gets a lot of use just for the basic "struct device"
which appears so often.
Clean up the users as follows:
1) For those headers only needing "struct device" as a pointer
in fcn args, replace the include with exactly that.
2) For headers not really using anything from device.h, simply
delete the include altogether.
3) For headers relying on getting device.h implicitly before
being included themselves, now explicitly include device.h
4) For files in which doing #1 or #2 uncovers an implicit
dependency on some other header, fix by explicitly adding
the required header(s).
Any C files that were implicitly relying on device.h to be
present have already been dealt with in advance.
Total removals from #1 and #2: 51. Total additions coming
from #3: 9. Total other implicit dependencies from #4: 7.
As of 3.3-rc1, there were 110, so a net removal of 42 gives
about a 38% reduction in device.h presence in include/*
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Rafael Aquini