Patch series "sysctl: 3rd set of kernel/sysctl cleanups", v2.
This is the third set of patches to help address cleaning the kitchen
seink in kernel/sysctl.c and to move sysctls away to where they are
actually implemented / used.
This patch (of 8):
kernel/sysctl.c is a kitchen sink where everyone leaves their dirty
dishes, this makes it very difficult to maintain.
To help with this maintenance let's start by moving sysctls to places
where they actually belong. The proc sysctl maintainers do not want to
know what sysctl knobs you wish to add for your own piece of code, we
just care about the core logic.
So move the firmware configuration sysctl table to the only place where
it is used, and make it clear that if sysctls are disabled this is not
used.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export register_firmware_config_sysctl and unregister_firmware_config_sysctl to modules]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL instead]
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fix that so it compiles]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211201160626.401d828d@canb.auug.org.au
[mcgrof@kernel.org: major commit log update to justify the move]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211124231435.1445213-1-mcgrof@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211124231435.1445213-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Xiaoming Ni <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Iurii Zaikin <yzaikin@google.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Cc: Douglas Gilbert <dgilbert@interlog.com>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <jejb@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Cc: Lukas Middendorf <kernel@tuxforce.de>
Cc: Antti Palosaari <crope@iki.fi>
Cc: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@inria.fr>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Phillip Potter <phil@philpotter.co.uk>
Cc: Qing Wang <wangqing@vivo.com>
Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
Cc: Sebastian Reichel <sre@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The previous commit fixed up all shell scripts to not include
include/config/auto.conf.
Now that include/config/auto.conf is only included by Makefiles,
we can change it into a more Make-friendly form.
Previously, Kconfig output string values enclosed with double-quotes
(both in the .config and include/config/auto.conf):
CONFIG_X="foo bar"
Unlike shell, Make handles double-quotes (and single-quotes as well)
verbatim. We must rip them off when used.
There are some patterns:
[1] $(patsubst "%",%,$(CONFIG_X))
[2] $(CONFIG_X:"%"=%)
[3] $(subst ",,$(CONFIG_X))
[4] $(shell echo $(CONFIG_X))
These are not only ugly, but also fragile.
[1] and [2] do not work if the value contains spaces, like
CONFIG_X=" foo bar "
[3] does not work correctly if the value contains double-quotes like
CONFIG_X="foo\"bar"
[4] seems to work better, but has a cost of forking a process.
Anyway, quoted strings were always PITA for our Makefiles.
This commit changes Kconfig to stop quoting in include/config/auto.conf.
These are the string type symbols referenced in Makefiles or scripts:
ACPI_CUSTOM_DSDT_FILE
ARC_BUILTIN_DTB_NAME
ARC_TUNE_MCPU
BUILTIN_DTB_SOURCE
CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH
CC_VERSION_TEXT
CFG80211_EXTRA_REGDB_KEYDIR
EXTRA_FIRMWARE
EXTRA_FIRMWARE_DIR
EXTRA_TARGETS
H8300_BUILTIN_DTB
INITRAMFS_SOURCE
LOCALVERSION
MODULE_SIG_HASH
MODULE_SIG_KEY
NDS32_BUILTIN_DTB
NIOS2_DTB_SOURCE
OPENRISC_BUILTIN_DTB
SOC_CANAAN_K210_DTB_SOURCE
SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST
SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
TARGET_CPU
UNUSED_KSYMS_WHITELIST
XILINX_MICROBLAZE0_FAMILY
XILINX_MICROBLAZE0_HW_VER
XTENSA_VARIANT_NAME
I checked them one by one, and fixed up the code where necessary.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Now that x86 doesn't abuse picking at internals to the firmware
loader move out the built-in firmware struct to its only user.
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211021155843.1969401-5-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Formalize the built-in firmware with a proper API. This can later
be used by other callers where all they need is built-in firmware.
We export the firmware_request_builtin() call for now only
under the TEST_FIRMWARE symbol namespace as there are no
direct modular users for it. If they pop up they are free
to export it generally. Built-in code always gets access to
the callers and we'll demonstrate a hidden user which has been
lurking in the kernel for a while and the reason why using a
proper API was better long term.
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211021155843.1969401-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Right now firmware_request_builtin() is used internally only
and so we have control over the callers. But if we want to expose
that API more broadly we should ensure the firmware pointer
is valid.
This doesn't fix any known issue, it just prepares us to later
expose this API to other users.
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210917182226.3532898-4-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There are two ways the firmware_loader can use the built-in
firmware: with or without the pre-allocated buffer. We already
have one explicit use case for each of these, and so split them
up so that it is clear what the intention is on the caller side.
This also paves the way so that eventually other callers outside
of the firmware loader can uses these if and when needed.
While at it, adopt the firmware prefix for the routine names.
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210917182226.3532898-3-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The firmware_loader can be used with a pre-allocated buffer
through the use of the API calls:
o request_firmware_into_buf()
o request_partial_firmware_into_buf()
If the firmware was built-in and present, our current check
for if the built-in firmware fits into the pre-allocated buffer
does not return any errors, and we proceed to tell the caller
that everything worked fine. It's a lie and no firmware would
end up being copied into the pre-allocated buffer. So if the
caller trust the result it may end up writing a bunch of 0's
to a device!
Fix this by making the function that checks for the pre-allocated
buffer return non-void. Since the typical use case is when no
pre-allocated buffer is provided make this return successfully
for that case. If the built-in firmware does *not* fit into the
pre-allocated buffer size return a failure as we should have
been doing before.
I'm not aware of users of the built-in firmware using the API
calls with a pre-allocated buffer, as such I doubt this fixes
any real life issue. But you never know... perhaps some oddball
private tree might use it.
In so far as upstream is concerned this just fixes our code for
correctness.
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210917182226.3532898-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This use-after-free happens when a fw_priv object has been freed but
hasn't been removed from the pending list (pending_fw_head). The next
time fw_load_sysfs_fallback tries to insert into the list, it ends up
accessing the pending_list member of the previously freed fw_priv.
The root cause here is that all code paths that abort the fw load
don't delete it from the pending list. For example:
_request_firmware()
-> fw_abort_batch_reqs()
-> fw_state_aborted()
To fix this, delete the fw_priv from the list in __fw_set_state() if
the new state is DONE or ABORTED. This way, all aborts will remove
the fw_priv from the list. Accordingly, remove calls to list_del_init
that were being made before calling fw_state_(aborted|done).
Also, in fw_load_sysfs_fallback, don't add the fw_priv to the pending
list if it is already aborted. Instead, just jump out and return early.
Fixes: bcfbd3523f ("firmware: fix a double abort case with fw_load_sysfs_fallback")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: syzbot+de271708674e2093097b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Tested-by: syzbot+de271708674e2093097b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Anirudh Rayabharam <mail@anirudhrb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210728085107.4141-3-mail@anirudhrb.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The only motivation for using -EAGAIN in commit 0542ad88fb
("firmware loader: Fix _request_firmware_load() return val for fw load
abort") was to distinguish the error from -ENOMEM, and so there is no
real reason in keeping it. -EAGAIN is typically used to tell the
userspace to try something again and in this case re-using the sysfs
loading interface cannot be retried when a timeout happens, so the
return value is also bogus.
-ETIMEDOUT is received when the wait times out and returning that
is much more telling of what the reason for the failure was. So, just
propagate that instead of returning -EAGAIN.
Suggested-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Anirudh Rayabharam <mail@anirudhrb.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210728085107.4141-2-mail@anirudhrb.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This race was discovered when I carefully analyzed the code to locate
another firmware-related UAF issue. It can be triggered only when the
firmware load operation is executed during suspend. This possibility is
almost impossible because there are few firmware load and suspend actions
in the actual environment.
CPU0 CPU1
__device_uncache_fw_images(): assign_fw():
fw_cache_piggyback_on_request()
<----- P0
spin_lock(&fwc->name_lock);
...
list_del(&fce->list);
spin_unlock(&fwc->name_lock);
uncache_firmware(fce->name);
<----- P1
kref_get(&fw_priv->ref);
If CPU1 is interrupted at position P0, the new 'fce' has been added to the
list fwc->fw_names by the fw_cache_piggyback_on_request(). In this case,
CPU0 executes __device_uncache_fw_images() and will be able to see it when
it traverses list fwc->fw_names. Before CPU1 executes kref_get() at P1, if
CPU0 further executes uncache_firmware(), the count of fw_priv->ref may
decrease to 0, causing fw_priv to be released in advance.
Move kref_get() to the lock protection range of fwc->name_lock to fix it.
Fixes: ac39b3ea73 ("firmware loader: let caching firmware piggyback on loading firmware")
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210719064531.3733-2-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Commit 553671b768 ("firmware_loader: Fix labels with comma for builtin
firmware") added this line, which was unneeded.
The macro 'comma' is defined in scripts/Kbuild.include.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210528173404.169764-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Patch series "background initramfs unpacking, and CONFIG_MODPROBE_PATH", v3.
These two patches are independent, but better-together.
The second is a rather trivial patch that simply allows the developer to
change "/sbin/modprobe" to something else - e.g. the empty string, so
that all request_module() during early boot return -ENOENT early, without
even spawning a usermode helper, needlessly synchronizing with the
initramfs unpacking.
The first patch delegates decompressing the initramfs to a worker thread,
allowing do_initcalls() in main.c to proceed to the device_ and late_
initcalls without waiting for that decompression (and populating of
rootfs) to finish. Obviously, some of those later calls may rely on the
initramfs being available, so I've added synchronization points in the
firmware loader and usermodehelper paths - there might be other places
that would need this, but so far no one has been able to think of any
places I have missed.
There's not much to win if most of the functionality needed during boot is
only available as modules. But systems with a custom-made .config and
initramfs can boot faster, partly due to utilizing more than one cpu
earlier, partly by avoiding known-futile modprobe calls (which would still
trigger synchronization with the initramfs unpacking, thus eliminating
most of the first benefit).
This patch (of 2):
Most of the boot process doesn't actually need anything from the
initramfs, until of course PID1 is to be executed. So instead of doing
the decompressing and populating of the initramfs synchronously in
populate_rootfs() itself, push that off to a worker thread.
This is primarily motivated by an embedded ppc target, where unpacking
even the rather modest sized initramfs takes 0.6 seconds, which is long
enough that the external watchdog becomes unhappy that it doesn't get
attention soon enough. By doing the initramfs decompression in a worker
thread, we get to do the device_initcalls and hence start petting the
watchdog much sooner.
Normal desktops might benefit as well. On my mostly stock Ubuntu kernel,
my initramfs is a 26M xz-compressed blob, decompressing to around 126M.
That takes almost two seconds:
[ 0.201454] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
[ 1.976633] Freeing initrd memory: 29416K
Before this patch, these lines occur consecutively in dmesg. With this
patch, the timestamps on these two lines is roughly the same as above, but
with 172 lines inbetween - so more than one cpu has been kept busy doing
work that would otherwise only happen after the populate_rootfs()
finished.
Should one of the initcalls done after rootfs_initcall time (i.e., device_
and late_ initcalls) need something from the initramfs (say, a kernel
module or a firmware blob), it will simply wait for the initramfs
unpacking to be done before proceeding, which should in theory make this
completely safe.
But if some driver pokes around in the filesystem directly and not via one
of the official kernel interfaces (i.e. request_firmware*(),
call_usermodehelper*) that theory may not hold - also, I certainly might
have missed a spot when sprinkling wait_for_initramfs(). So there is an
escape hatch in the form of an initramfs_async= command line parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210313212528.2956377-2-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
class_create is actually defined at the header. Fix the
markup there and add a new one at the right place.
While here, also fix some markups for functions that have
different names between their prototypes and kernel-doc
comments.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/2fb6efd6a1f90d69ff73bf579566079cbb051e15.1603469755.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here is the big set of char, misc, and other assorted driver subsystem
patches for 5.10-rc1.
There's a lot of different things in here, all over the drivers/
directory. Some summaries:
- soundwire driver updates
- habanalabs driver updates
- extcon driver updates
- nitro_enclaves new driver
- fsl-mc driver and core updates
- mhi core and bus updates
- nvmem driver updates
- eeprom driver updates
- binder driver updates and fixes
- vbox minor bugfixes
- fsi driver updates
- w1 driver updates
- coresight driver updates
- interconnect driver updates
- misc driver updates
- other minor driver updates
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'char-misc-5.10-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc
Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of char, misc, and other assorted driver subsystem
patches for 5.10-rc1.
There's a lot of different things in here, all over the drivers/
directory. Some summaries:
- soundwire driver updates
- habanalabs driver updates
- extcon driver updates
- nitro_enclaves new driver
- fsl-mc driver and core updates
- mhi core and bus updates
- nvmem driver updates
- eeprom driver updates
- binder driver updates and fixes
- vbox minor bugfixes
- fsi driver updates
- w1 driver updates
- coresight driver updates
- interconnect driver updates
- misc driver updates
- other minor driver updates
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'char-misc-5.10-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (396 commits)
binder: fix UAF when releasing todo list
docs: w1: w1_therm: Fix broken xref, mistakes, clarify text
misc: Kconfig: fix a HISI_HIKEY_USB dependency
LSM: Fix type of id parameter in kernel_post_load_data prototype
misc: Kconfig: add a new dependency for HISI_HIKEY_USB
firmware_loader: fix a kernel-doc markup
w1: w1_therm: make w1_poll_completion static
binder: simplify the return expression of binder_mmap
test_firmware: Test partial read support
firmware: Add request_partial_firmware_into_buf()
firmware: Store opt_flags in fw_priv
fs/kernel_file_read: Add "offset" arg for partial reads
IMA: Add support for file reads without contents
LSM: Add "contents" flag to kernel_read_file hook
module: Call security_kernel_post_load_data()
firmware_loader: Use security_post_load_data()
LSM: Introduce kernel_post_load_data() hook
fs/kernel_read_file: Add file_size output argument
fs/kernel_read_file: Switch buffer size arg to size_t
fs/kernel_read_file: Remove redundant size argument
...
Add request_partial_firmware_into_buf() to allow for portions of a
firmware file to be read into a buffer. This is needed when large firmware
must be loaded in portions from a file on memory constrained systems.
Signed-off-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Co-developed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-16-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Instead of passing opt_flags around so much, store it in the private
structure so it can be examined by internals without needing to add more
arguments to functions.
Co-developed-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-15-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To perform partial reads, callers of kernel_read_file*() must have a
non-NULL file_size argument and a preallocated buffer. The new "offset"
argument can then be used to seek to specific locations in the file to
fill the buffer to, at most, "buf_size" per call.
Where possible, the LSM hooks can report whether a full file has been
read or not so that the contents can be reasoned about.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-14-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that security_post_load_data() is wired up, use it instead
of the NULL file argument style of security_post_read_file(),
and update the security_kernel_load_data() call to indicate that a
security_kernel_post_load_data() call is expected.
Wire up the IMA check to match earlier logic. Perhaps a generalized
change to ima_post_load_data() might look something like this:
return process_buffer_measurement(buf, size,
kernel_load_data_id_str(load_id),
read_idmap[load_id] ?: FILE_CHECK,
0, NULL);
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-10-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There are a few places in the kernel where LSMs would like to have
visibility into the contents of a kernel buffer that has been loaded or
read. While security_kernel_post_read_file() (which includes the
buffer) exists as a pairing for security_kernel_read_file(), no such
hook exists to pair with security_kernel_load_data().
Earlier proposals for just using security_kernel_post_read_file() with a
NULL file argument were rejected (i.e. "file" should always be valid for
the security_..._file hooks, but it appears at least one case was
left in the kernel during earlier refactoring. (This will be fixed in
a subsequent patch.)
Since not all cases of security_kernel_load_data() can have a single
contiguous buffer made available to the LSM hook (e.g. kexec image
segments are separately loaded), there needs to be a way for the LSM to
reason about its expectations of the hook coverage. In order to handle
this, add a "contents" argument to the "kernel_load_data" hook that
indicates if the newly added "kernel_post_load_data" hook will be called
with the full contents once loaded. That way, LSMs requiring full contents
can choose to unilaterally reject "kernel_load_data" with contents=false
(which is effectively the existing hook coverage), but when contents=true
they can allow it and later evaluate the "kernel_post_load_data" hook
once the buffer is loaded.
With this change, LSMs can gain coverage over non-file-backed data loads
(e.g. init_module(2) and firmware userspace helper), which will happen
in subsequent patches.
Additionally prepare IMA to start processing these cases.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-9-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In preparation for adding partial read support, add an optional output
argument to kernel_read_file*() that reports the file size so callers
can reason more easily about their reading progress.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-8-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In preparation for refactoring kernel_read_file*(), remove the redundant
"size" argument which is not needed: it can be included in the return
code, with callers adjusted. (VFS reads already cannot be larger than
INT_MAX.)
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-6-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Move kernel_read_file* out of linux/fs.h to its own linux/kernel_read_file.h
include file. That header gets pulled in just about everywhere
and doesn't really need functions not related to the general fs interface.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200706232309.12010-2-scott.branden@broadcom.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-4-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The "FIRMWARE_EFI_EMBEDDED" enum is a "where", not a "what". It
should not be distinguished separately from just "FIRMWARE", as this
confuses the LSMs about what is being loaded. Additionally, there was
no actual validation of the firmware contents happening.
Fixes: e4c2c0ff00 ("firmware: Add new platform fallback mechanism and firmware_request_platform()")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-3-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
FIRMWARE_PREALLOC_BUFFER is a "how", not a "what", and confuses the LSMs
that are interested in filtering between types of things. The "how"
should be an internal detail made uninteresting to the LSMs.
Fixes: a098ecd2fa ("firmware: support loading into a pre-allocated buffer")
Fixes: fd90bc559b ("ima: based on policy verify firmware signatures (pre-allocated buffer)")
Fixes: 4f0496d8ff ("ima: based on policy warn about loading firmware (pre-allocated buffer)")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201002173828.2099543-2-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Change additional instances that could use sysfs_emit and sysfs_emit_at
that the coccinelle script could not convert.
o macros creating show functions with ## concatenation
o unbound sprintf uses with buf+len for start of output to sysfs_emit_at
o returns with ?: tests and sprintf to sysfs_emit
o sysfs output with struct class * not struct device * arguments
Miscellanea:
o remove unnecessary initializations around these changes
o consistently use int len for return length of show functions
o use octal permissions and not S_<FOO>
o rename a few show function names so DEVICE_ATTR_<FOO> can be used
o use DEVICE_ATTR_ADMIN_RO where appropriate
o consistently use const char *output for strings
o checkpatch/style neatening
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/8bc24444fe2049a9b2de6127389b57edfdfe324d.1600285923.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here are some small driver core and debugfs fixes for 5.9-rc5
Included in here are:
- firmware loader memory leak fix
- firmware loader testing fixes for non-EFI systems
- device link locking fixes found by lockdep
- kobject_del() bugfix that has been affecting some callers
- debugfs minor fix
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-5.9-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core fixes from Greg KH:
"Here are some small driver core and debugfs fixes for 5.9-rc5
Included in here are:
- firmware loader memory leak fix
- firmware loader testing fixes for non-EFI systems
- device link locking fixes found by lockdep
- kobject_del() bugfix that has been affecting some callers
- debugfs minor fix
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'driver-core-5.9-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
test_firmware: Test platform fw loading on non-EFI systems
PM: <linux/device.h>: fix @em_pd kernel-doc warning
kobject: Drop unneeded conditional in __kobject_del()
driver core: Fix device_pm_lock() locking for device links
MAINTAINERS: Add the security document to SECURITY CONTACT
driver code: print symbolic error code
debugfs: Fix module state check condition
kobject: Restore old behaviour of kobject_del(NULL)
firmware_loader: fix memory leak for paged buffer
vfree() is being called on paged buffer allocated
using alloc_page() and mapped using vmap().
Freeing of pages in vfree() relies on nr_pages of
struct vm_struct. vmap() does not update nr_pages.
It can lead to memory leaks.
Fixes: ddaf29fd9b ("firmware: Free temporary page table after vmapping")
Signed-off-by: Prateek Sood <prsood@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1597957070-27185-1-git-send-email-prsood@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The EFI platform firmware fallback would clobber any pre-allocated
buffers. Instead, correctly refuse to reallocate when too small (as
already done in the sysfs fallback), or perform allocation normally
when needed.
Fixes: e4c2c0ff00 ("firmware: Add new platform fallback mechanism and firmware_request_platform()")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200724213640.389191-4-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The doubled 'however' is confusing. Simplify the comment a little and
reformat the paragraph.
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200702221107.6562-1-wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
"enum fw_opt" is not used as an enum.
Change fw_opt to u32 as FW_OPT_* values are OR'd together.
Signed-off-by: Scott Branden <scott.branden@broadcom.com>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200522231202.13681-1-scott.branden@broadcom.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Take advantage of the new kernel symbol namespacing functionality, and
export the fw_fallback_config symbol only to a new private firmware loader
namespace. This would prevent misuses from other drivers and makes it clear
the goal is to keep this private to the firmware loader only.
It should also make it clearer for folks git grep'ing for users of
the symbol that this exported symbol is private, and prevent future
accidental removals of the exported symbol.
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200424184916.22843-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Christoph's patch removed two unsused exported symbols, however, one
symbol is used by the firmware_loader itself. If CONFIG_FW_LOADER=m so
the firmware_loader is modular but CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER=y we fail
the build at mostpost.
ERROR: modpost: "fw_fallback_config" [drivers/base/firmware_loader/firmware_class.ko] undefined!
This happens because the variable fw_fallback_config is built into the
kernel if CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER=y always, so we need to grant
access to the firmware loader module by exporting it.
Revert only one hunk from his patch.
Fixes: 739604734b ("firmware_loader: remove unused exports")
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200424184916.22843-1-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The struct firmware contains a page table pointer that was used only
internally in the past. Since the actual page tables are referred
from struct fw_priv and should be never from struct firmware, we can
drop this unused field gracefully.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415164500.28749-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Neither fw_fallback_config nor firmware_config_table are used by modules.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200417064146.1086644-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In some cases the platform's main firmware (e.g. the UEFI fw) may contain
an embedded copy of device firmware which needs to be (re)loaded into the
peripheral. Normally such firmware would be part of linux-firmware, but in
some cases this is not feasible, for 2 reasons:
1) The firmware is customized for a specific use-case of the chipset / use
with a specific hardware model, so we cannot have a single firmware file
for the chipset. E.g. touchscreen controller firmwares are compiled
specifically for the hardware model they are used with, as they are
calibrated for a specific model digitizer.
2) Despite repeated attempts we have failed to get permission to
redistribute the firmware. This is especially a problem with customized
firmwares, these get created by the chip vendor for a specific ODM and the
copyright may partially belong with the ODM, so the chip vendor cannot
give a blanket permission to distribute these.
This commit adds a new platform fallback mechanism to the firmware loader
which will try to lookup a device fw copy embedded in the platform's main
firmware if direct filesystem lookup fails.
Drivers which need such embedded fw copies can enable this fallback
mechanism by using the new firmware_request_platform() function.
Note that for now this is only supported on EFI platforms and even on
these platforms firmware_fallback_platform() only works if
CONFIG_EFI_EMBEDDED_FIRMWARE is enabled (this gets selected by drivers
which need this), in all other cases firmware_fallback_platform() simply
always returns -ENOENT.
Reported-by: Dave Olsthoorn <dave@bewaar.me>
Suggested-by: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200115163554.101315-5-hdegoede@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
fw_sysfs_wait_timeout may return err with -ENOENT
at fw_load_sysfs_fallback and firmware is already
in abort status, no need to abort again, so skip it.
This issue is caused by concurrent situation like below:
when thread 1# wait firmware loading, thread 2# may write
-1 to abort loading and wakeup thread 1# before it timeout.
so wait_for_completion_killable_timeout of thread 1# would
return remaining time which is != 0 with fw_st->status
FW_STATUS_ABORTED.And the results would be converted into
err -ENOENT in __fw_state_wait_common and transfered to
fw_load_sysfs_fallback in thread 1#.
The -ENOENT means firmware status is already at ABORTED,
so fw_load_sysfs_fallback no need to get mutex to abort again.
-----------------------------
thread 1#,wait for loading
fw_load_sysfs_fallback
->fw_sysfs_wait_timeout
->__fw_state_wait_common
->wait_for_completion_killable_timeout
in __fw_state_wait_common,
...
93 ret = wait_for_completion_killable_timeout(&fw_st->completion, timeout);
94 if (ret != 0 && fw_st->status == FW_STATUS_ABORTED)
95 return -ENOENT;
96 if (!ret)
97 return -ETIMEDOUT;
98
99 return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
-----------------------------
thread 2#, write -1 to abort loading
firmware_loading_store
->fw_load_abort
->__fw_load_abort
->fw_state_aborted
->__fw_state_set
->complete_all
in __fw_state_set,
...
111 if (status == FW_STATUS_DONE || status == FW_STATUS_ABORTED)
112 complete_all(&fw_st->completion);
-------------------------------------------
BTW,the double abort issue would not cause kernel panic or create an issue,
but slow down it sometimes.The change is just a minor optimization.
Signed-off-by: Junyong Sun <sunjunyong@xiaomi.com>
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1583202968-28792-1-git-send-email-sunjunyong@xiaomi.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
I have an experimental setup where almost every possible system
service (even early startup ones) runs in separate namespace, using a
dedicated, minimal file system. In process of minimizing the contents
of the file systems with regards to modules and firmware files, I
noticed that in my system, the firmware files are loaded from three
different mount namespaces, those of systemd-udevd, init and
systemd-networkd. The logic of the source namespace is not very clear,
it seems to depend on the driver, but the namespace of the current
process is used.
So, this patch tries to make things a bit clearer and changes the
loading of firmware files only from the mount namespace of init. This
may also improve security, though I think that using firmware files as
attack vector could be too impractical anyway.
Later, it might make sense to make the mount namespace configurable,
for example with a new file in /proc/sys/kernel/firmware_config/. That
would allow a dedicated file system only for firmware files and those
need not be present anywhere else. This configurability would make
more sense if made also for kernel modules and /sbin/modprobe. Modules
are already loaded from init namespace (usermodehelper uses kthreadd
namespace) except when directly loaded by systemd-udevd.
Instead of using the mount namespace of the current process to load
firmware files, use the mount namespace of init process.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/bb46ebae-4746-90d9-ec5b-fce4c9328c86@gmail.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/0e3f7653-c59d-9341-9db2-c88f5b988c68@gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Topi Miettinen <toiwoton@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200123125839.37168-1-toiwoton@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here is a small set of changes for 5.6-rc1 for the driver core and some
firmware subsystem changes.
Included in here are:
- device.h splitup like you asked for months ago
- devtmpfs minor cleanups
- firmware core minor changes
- debugfs fix for lockdown mode
- kernfs cleanup fix
- cpu topology minor fix
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-5.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core updates from Greg KH:
"Here is a small set of changes for 5.6-rc1 for the driver core and
some firmware subsystem changes.
Included in here are:
- device.h splitup like you asked for months ago
- devtmpfs minor cleanups
- firmware core minor changes
- debugfs fix for lockdown mode
- kernfs cleanup fix
- cpu topology minor fix
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'driver-core-5.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (22 commits)
firmware: Rename FW_OPT_NOFALLBACK to FW_OPT_NOFALLBACK_SYSFS
devtmpfs: factor out common tail of devtmpfs_{create,delete}_node
devtmpfs: initify a bit
devtmpfs: simplify initialization of mount_dev
devtmpfs: factor out setup part of devtmpfsd()
devtmpfs: fix theoretical stale pointer deref in devtmpfsd()
driver core: platform: fix u32 greater or equal to zero comparison
cpu-topology: Don't error on more than CONFIG_NR_CPUS CPUs in device tree
debugfs: Return -EPERM when locked down
driver core: Print device when resources present in really_probe()
driver core: Fix test_async_driver_probe if NUMA is disabled
driver core: platform: Prevent resouce overflow from causing infinite loops
fs/kernfs/dir.c: Clean code by removing always true condition
component: do not dereference opaque pointer in debugfs
drivers/component: remove modular code
debugfs: Fix warnings when building documentation
device.h: move 'struct driver' stuff out to device/driver.h
device.h: move 'struct class' stuff out to device/class.h
device.h: move 'struct bus' stuff out to device/bus.h
device.h: move dev_printk()-like functions to dev_printk.h
...
This is a preparation patch for adding a new platform fallback mechanism,
which will have its own enable/disable FW_OPT_xxx option.
Note this also fixes a typo in one of the re-wordwrapped comments:
enfoce -> enforce.
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200115163554.101315-4-hdegoede@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Intel Software Developer's Manual, volume 3, chapter 9.11.6 says:
"Note that the microcode update must be aligned on a 16-byte boundary
and the size of the microcode update must be 1-KByte granular"
When early-load Intel microcode is loaded from initramfs, userspace tool
'iucode_tool' has already 16-byte aligned those microcode bits in that
initramfs image. Image that was created something like this:
iucode_tool --write-earlyfw=FOO.cpio microcode-files...
However, when early-load Intel microcode is loaded from built-in
firmware BLOB using CONFIG_EXTRA_FIRMWARE= kernel config option, that
16-byte alignment is not guaranteed.
Fix this by forcing all built-in firmware BLOBs to 16-byte alignment.
[ If we end up having other firmware with much bigger alignment
requirements, we might need to introduce some method for the firmware
to specify it, this is the minimal "just increase the alignment a bit
to account for this one special case" patch - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Jari Ruusu <jari.ruusu@gmail.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Adjust indentation from spaces to tab (+optional two spaces) as in
coding style with command like:
$ sed -e 's/^ /\t/' -i */Kconfig
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191120134256.16186-1-krzk@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Some firmware images contain a comma, such as:
EXTRA_FIRMWARE "brcm/brcmfmac4334-sdio.samsung,gt-s7710.txt"
as Broadcom firmware simply tags the device tree compatible
string at the end of the firmware parameter file. And the
compatible string contains a comma.
This doesn't play well with gas:
drivers/base/firmware_loader/builtin/brcm/brcmfmac4334-sdio.samsung,gt-s7710.txt.gen.S: Assembler messages:
drivers/base/firmware_loader/builtin/brcm/brcmfmac4334-sdio.samsung,gt-s7710.txt.gen.S:4: Error: bad instruction `_fw_brcm_brcmfmac4334_sdio_samsung,gt_s7710_txt_bin:'
drivers/base/firmware_loader/builtin/brcm/brcmfmac4334-sdio.samsung,gt-s7710.txt.gen.S:9: Error: bad instruction `_fw_brcm_brcmfmac4334_sdio_samsung,gt_s7710_txt_name:'
drivers/base/firmware_loader/builtin/brcm/brcmfmac4334-sdio.samsung,gt-s7710.txt.gen.S:15: Error: can't resolve `.rodata' {.rodata section} - `_fw_brcm_brcmfmac4334_sdio_samsung' {*UND* section}
make[6]: *** [../scripts/Makefile.build:357: drivers/base/firmware_loader/builtin/brcm/brcmfmac4334-sdio.samsung,gt-s7710.txt.gen.o] Error 1
We need to get rid of the comma from the labels used by the
assembly stub generator.
Replacing a comma using GNU Make subst requires a helper
variable.
Cc: Stephan Gerhold <stephan@gerhold.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191115225911.3260-1-linus.walleij@linaro.org
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Because firmware caching generates uevent messages that are sent over
a netlink socket, it can prevent suspend on many platforms. It's
also not always useful, so make it a configurable option.
Signed-off-by: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com>
Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Cc: Venkata Narendra Kumar Gutta <vnkgutta@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: kernel-team@android.com
Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191113225429.118495-1-salyzyn@android.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This is useful for users who are trying to identify the firmwares in use
on their system.
Signed-off-by: Drew DeVault <sir@cmpwn.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191103180646.34880-1-sir@cmpwn.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Documentation was revamped in 113ccc but link in
firmware_loader/main.c hasn't been updated.
Signed-off-by: Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190912205606.31095-1-arkadiusz@drabczyk.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
