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15 commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Mark Rutland
6aa7de0591 locking/atomics: COCCINELLE/treewide: Convert trivial ACCESS_ONCE() patterns to READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE()
Please do not apply this to mainline directly, instead please re-run the
coccinelle script shown below and apply its output.

For several reasons, it is desirable to use {READ,WRITE}_ONCE() in
preference to ACCESS_ONCE(), and new code is expected to use one of the
former. So far, there's been no reason to change most existing uses of
ACCESS_ONCE(), as these aren't harmful, and changing them results in
churn.

However, for some features, the read/write distinction is critical to
correct operation. To distinguish these cases, separate read/write
accessors must be used. This patch migrates (most) remaining
ACCESS_ONCE() instances to {READ,WRITE}_ONCE(), using the following
coccinelle script:

----
// Convert trivial ACCESS_ONCE() uses to equivalent READ_ONCE() and
// WRITE_ONCE()

// $ make coccicheck COCCI=/home/mark/once.cocci SPFLAGS="--include-headers" MODE=patch

virtual patch

@ depends on patch @
expression E1, E2;
@@

- ACCESS_ONCE(E1) = E2
+ WRITE_ONCE(E1, E2)

@ depends on patch @
expression E;
@@

- ACCESS_ONCE(E)
+ READ_ONCE(E)
----

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: mpe@ellerman.id.au
Cc: shuah@kernel.org
Cc: snitzer@redhat.com
Cc: thor.thayer@linux.intel.com
Cc: tj@kernel.org
Cc: viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk
Cc: will.deacon@arm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508792849-3115-19-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-10-25 11:01:08 +02:00
Dmitry Vyukov
2cf12f821c lib/llist.c: fix data race in llist_del_first
llist_del_first reads entry->next, but it did not acquire visibility over
the entry node.  As the result it can get a stale value of entry->next
(e.g.  NULL or whatever garbage was there before the appending thread
wrote correct value).  And then commit that value as llist head with
cmpxchg.  That will corrupt llist.

Note there is a control-dependency between read of head->first and read of
entry->next, but it does not make the code correct.  Kernel memory model
unambiguously says: "A load-load control dependency requires a full read
memory barrier".

Use smp_load_acquire to acquire visibility over the entry node.

The data race was found with KernelThreadSanitizer (KTSAN).

Here is an example of KTSAN report:

ThreadSanitizer: data-race in llist_del_first

Read of size 1 by thread T389 (K2630, CPU0):
 [<ffffffff8156b8a9>] llist_del_first+0x39/0x70 lib/llist.c:74
 [<     inlined    >] tty_buffer_alloc drivers/tty/tty_buffer.c:181
 [<ffffffff81664af4>] __tty_buffer_request_room+0xb4/0x250 drivers/tty/tty_buffer.c:292
 [<ffffffff81664e6c>] tty_insert_flip_string_fixed_flag+0x6c/0x150 drivers/tty/tty_buffer.c:337
 [<     inlined    >] tty_insert_flip_string include/linux/tty_flip.h:35
 [<ffffffff81667422>] pty_write+0x72/0xc0 drivers/tty/pty.c:110
 [<     inlined    >] process_output_block drivers/tty/n_tty.c:611
 [<ffffffff8165c016>] n_tty_write+0x346/0x7f0 drivers/tty/n_tty.c:2401
 [<     inlined    >] do_tty_write drivers/tty/tty_io.c:1159
 [<ffffffff816568df>] tty_write+0x21f/0x3f0 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:1245
 [<ffffffff8125f00f>] __vfs_write+0x5f/0x1f0 fs/read_write.c:489
 [<ffffffff8125ff8f>] vfs_write+0xef/0x280 fs/read_write.c:538
 [<     inlined    >] SYSC_write fs/read_write.c:585
 [<ffffffff81261390>] SyS_write+0x70/0xe0 fs/read_write.c:577
 [<ffffffff81ee862e>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x71 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:186

Previous write of size 8 by thread T226 (K761, CPU0):
 [<ffffffff8156b832>] llist_add_batch+0x32/0x70 lib/llist.c:44 (discriminator 16)
 [<     inlined    >] llist_add include/linux/llist.h:180
 [<ffffffff816649fc>] tty_buffer_free+0x6c/0xb0 drivers/tty/tty_buffer.c:221
 [<ffffffff816651e7>] flush_to_ldisc+0x107/0x300 drivers/tty/tty_buffer.c:514
 [<ffffffff810b20ee>] process_one_work+0x47e/0x930 kernel/workqueue.c:2036
 [<ffffffff810b2650>] worker_thread+0xb0/0x900 kernel/workqueue.c:2170
 [<ffffffff810bbe20>] kthread+0x150/0x170 kernel/kthread.c:209
 [<ffffffff81ee8a1f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:526

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06 17:50:42 -08:00
Rasmus Villemoes
9b40570bd9 lib/llist.c: remove redundant include
This file doesn't seem to use anything provided by linux/interrupt.h or
anything recursively included through that.  Removing it produces
byte-identical output, while reducing .llist.o.cmd from 541 to 156 lines.

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12 18:54:15 -08:00
Andrew Morton
0791a6057c llists-move-llist_reverse_order-from-raid5-to-llistc-fix
fix comment typo, per Jan

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-15 09:32:22 +09:00
Christoph Hellwig
b89241e8cd llists: move llist_reverse_order from raid5 to llist.c
Make this useful helper available for other users.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-15 09:32:22 +09:00
Oleg Nesterov
fb4214db50 llist: fix/simplify llist_add() and llist_add_batch()
1. This is mostly theoretical, but llist_add*() need ACCESS_ONCE().

   Otherwise it is not guaranteed that the first cmpxchg() uses the
   same value for old_entry and new_last->next.

2. These helpers cache the result of cmpxchg() and read the initial
   value of head->first before the main loop. I do not think this
   makes sense. In the likely case cmpxchg() succeeds, otherwise
   it doesn't hurt to reload head->first.

   I think it would be better to simplify the code and simply read
   ->first before cmpxchg().

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-07-13 13:29:24 +04:00
Linus Torvalds
0195c00244 Disintegrate and delete asm/system.h
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Merge tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system

Pull "Disintegrate and delete asm/system.h" from David Howells:
 "Here are a bunch of patches to disintegrate asm/system.h into a set of
  separate bits to relieve the problem of circular inclusion
  dependencies.

  I've built all the working defconfigs from all the arches that I can
  and made sure that they don't break.

  The reason for these patches is that I recently encountered a circular
  dependency problem that came about when I produced some patches to
  optimise get_order() by rewriting it to use ilog2().

  This uses bitops - and on the SH arch asm/bitops.h drags in
  asm-generic/get_order.h by a circuituous route involving asm/system.h.

  The main difficulty seems to be asm/system.h.  It holds a number of
  low level bits with no/few dependencies that are commonly used (eg.
  memory barriers) and a number of bits with more dependencies that
  aren't used in many places (eg.  switch_to()).

  These patches break asm/system.h up into the following core pieces:

    (1) asm/barrier.h

        Move memory barriers here.  This already done for MIPS and Alpha.

    (2) asm/switch_to.h

        Move switch_to() and related stuff here.

    (3) asm/exec.h

        Move arch_align_stack() here.  Other process execution related bits
        could perhaps go here from asm/processor.h.

    (4) asm/cmpxchg.h

        Move xchg() and cmpxchg() here as they're full word atomic ops and
        frequently used by atomic_xchg() and atomic_cmpxchg().

    (5) asm/bug.h

        Move die() and related bits.

    (6) asm/auxvec.h

        Move AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH here.

  Other arch headers are created as needed on a per-arch basis."

Fixed up some conflicts from other header file cleanups and moving code
around that has happened in the meantime, so David's testing is somewhat
weakened by that.  We'll find out anything that got broken and fix it..

* tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system: (38 commits)
  Delete all instances of asm/system.h
  Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h
  Add #includes needed to permit the removal of asm/system.h
  Move all declarations of free_initmem() to linux/mm.h
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for OpenRISC
  Split arch_align_stack() out from asm-generic/system.h
  Split the switch_to() wrapper out of asm-generic/system.h
  Move the asm-generic/system.h xchg() implementation to asm-generic/cmpxchg.h
  Create asm-generic/barrier.h
  Make asm-generic/cmpxchg.h #include asm-generic/cmpxchg-local.h
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for Xtensa
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for Unicore32 [based on ver #3, changed by gxt]
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for Tile
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for Sparc
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for Score
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for S390
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for PowerPC
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for PA-RISC
  Disintegrate asm/system.h for MN10300
  ...
2012-03-28 15:58:21 -07:00
David Howells
9ffc93f203 Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h preparatory to splitting and killing
it.  Performed with the following command:

perl -p -i -e 's!^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>.*\n!!' `grep -Irl '^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>' *`

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
2012-03-28 18:30:03 +01:00
Paul Gortmaker
8bc3bcc93a lib: reduce the use of module.h wherever possible
For files only using THIS_MODULE and/or EXPORT_SYMBOL, map
them onto including export.h -- or if the file isn't even
using those, then just delete the include.  Fix up any implicit
include dependencies that were being masked by module.h along
the way.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2012-03-07 15:04:04 -05:00
Peter Zijlstra
f0f1d32f93 llist: Remove cpu_relax() usage in cmpxchg loops
Initial benchmarks show they're a net loss:

 $ for i in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor ; do echo performance > $i; done
 $ echo 4096 32000 64 128 > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
 $ ./sembench -t 2048 -w 1900 -o 0

Pre:

 run time 30 seconds 778936 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 912190 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 817506 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 830870 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 845056 worker burns per second

Post:

 run time 30 seconds 905920 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 849046 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 886286 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 822320 worker burns per second
 run time 30 seconds 900283 worker burns per second

So about 4% faster. (!)

cpu_relax() stalls the pipeline, therefore, when used in a tight loop
it has the following benefits:

 - allows SMT siblings to have a go;
 - reduces pressure on the CPU interconnect.

However, cmpxchg loops are unfair and thus have unbounded completion
time, therefore we should avoid getting in such heavily contended
situations where the above benefits make any difference.

A typical cmpxchg loop should not go round more than a handfull of
times at worst, therefore adding extra delays just slows things down.

Since the llist primitives are new, there aren't any bad users yet,
and we should avoid growing them. Heavily contended sites should
generally be better off using the ticket locks for serialization since
they provide bounded completion times (fifo-fair over the cpus).

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315836358.26517.43.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-10-04 12:44:03 +02:00
Huang Ying
781f7fd916 llist: Return whether list is empty before adding in llist_add()
Extend the llist_add*() functions to return a success indicator, this
allows us in the scheduler code to send an IPI if the queue was empty.

( There's no effect on existing users, because the list_add_xxx() functions
  are inline, thus this will be optimized out by the compiler if not used
  by callers. )

Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315461646-1379-5-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-10-04 12:43:44 +02:00
Huang Ying
a3127336b7 llist: Move cpu_relax() to after the cmpxchg()
If in llist_add()/etc. functions the first cmpxchg() call succeeds, it is
not necessary to use cpu_relax() before the cmpxchg(). So cpu_relax() in
a busy loop involving cmpxchg() should go after cmpxchg() instead of before
that.

This patch fixes this for all involved llist functions.

Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315461646-1379-4-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-10-04 12:43:39 +02:00
Ingo Molnar
2c30245c65 llist: Remove the platform-dependent NMI checks
Remove the nmi() checks spread around the code. in_nmi() is not available
on every architecture and it's a pretty obscure and ugly check in any case.

Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315461646-1379-3-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-10-04 12:43:11 +02:00
Huang Ying
1230db8e15 llist: Make some llist functions inline
Because llist code will be used in performance critical scheduler
code path, make llist_add() and llist_del_all() inline to avoid
function calling overhead and related 'glue' overhead.

Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315461646-1379-2-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-10-04 11:30:53 +02:00
Huang Ying
f49f23abf3 lib, Add lock-less NULL terminated single list
Cmpxchg is used to implement adding new entry to the list, deleting
all entries from the list, deleting first entry of the list and some
other operations.

Because this is a single list, so the tail can not be accessed in O(1).

If there are multiple producers and multiple consumers, llist_add can
be used in producers and llist_del_all can be used in consumers.  They
can work simultaneously without lock.  But llist_del_first can not be
used here.  Because llist_del_first depends on list->first->next does
not changed if list->first is not changed during its operation, but
llist_del_first, llist_add, llist_add (or llist_del_all, llist_add,
llist_add) sequence in another consumer may violate that.

If there are multiple producers and one consumer, llist_add can be
used in producers and llist_del_all or llist_del_first can be used in
the consumer.

This can be summarized as follow:

           |   add    | del_first |  del_all
 add       |    -     |     -     |     -
 del_first |          |     L     |     L
 del_all   |          |           |     -

Where "-" stands for no lock is needed, while "L" stands for lock is
needed.

The list entries deleted via llist_del_all can be traversed with
traversing function such as llist_for_each etc.  But the list entries
can not be traversed safely before deleted from the list.  The order
of deleted entries is from the newest to the oldest added one.  If you
want to traverse from the oldest to the newest, you must reverse the
order by yourself before traversing.

The basic atomic operation of this list is cmpxchg on long.  On
architectures that don't have NMI-safe cmpxchg implementation, the
list can NOT be used in NMI handler.  So code uses the list in NMI
handler should depend on CONFIG_ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG.

Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
2011-08-03 11:15:56 -04:00