Currently the test of BPF STRUCT_OPS depends on the specific bpf
implementation of tcp_congestion_ops, but it can not cover all
basic functionalities (e.g, return value handling), so introduce
a dummy BPF STRUCT_OPS for test purpose.
Loading a bpf_dummy_ops implementation from userspace is prohibited,
and its only purpose is to run BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS program
through bpf(BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN). Now programs for test_1() & test_2()
are supported. The following three cases are exercised in
bpf_dummy_struct_ops_test_run():
(1) test and check the value returned from state arg in test_1(state)
The content of state is copied from userspace pointer and copied back
after calling test_1(state). The user pointer is saved in an u64 array
and the array address is passed through ctx_in.
(2) test and check the return value of test_1(NULL)
Just simulate the case in which an invalid input argument is passed in.
(3) test multiple arguments passing in test_2(state, ...)
5 arguments are passed through ctx_in in form of u64 array. The first
element of array is userspace pointer of state and others 4 arguments
follow.
Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20211025064025.2567443-4-houtao1@huawei.com
Factor out a helper bpf_struct_ops_prepare_trampoline() to prepare
trampoline for BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog. It will be used by
.test_run callback in following patch.
Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20211025064025.2567443-2-houtao1@huawei.com
Currently if a function ptr in struct_ops has a return value, its
caller will get a random return value from it, because the return
value of related BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog is just dropped.
So adding a new flag BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET to tell bpf trampoline
to save and return the return value of struct_ops prog if ret_size of
the function ptr is greater than 0. Also restricting the flag to be
used alone.
Fixes: 85d33df357 ("bpf: Introduce BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS")
Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210914023351.3664499-1-houtao1@huawei.com
This patch allows the bpf-tcp-cc to call bpf_setsockopt. One use
case is to allow a bpf-tcp-cc switching to another cc during init().
For example, when the tcp flow is not ecn ready, the bpf_dctcp
can switch to another cc by calling setsockopt(TCP_CONGESTION).
During setsockopt(TCP_CONGESTION), the new tcp-cc's init() will be
called and this could cause a recursion but it is stopped by the
current trampoline's logic (in the prog->active counter).
While retiring a bpf-tcp-cc (e.g. in tcp_v[46]_destroy_sock()),
the tcp stack calls bpf-tcp-cc's release(). To avoid the retiring
bpf-tcp-cc making further changes to the sk, bpf_setsockopt is not
available to the bpf-tcp-cc's release(). This will avoid release()
making setsockopt() call that will potentially allocate new resources.
Although the bpf-tcp-cc already has a more powerful way to read tcp_sock
from the PTR_TO_BTF_ID, it is usually expected that bpf_getsockopt and
bpf_setsockopt are available together. Thus, bpf_getsockopt() is also
added to all tcp_congestion_ops except release().
When the old bpf-tcp-cc is calling setsockopt(TCP_CONGESTION)
to switch to a new cc, the old bpf-tcp-cc will be released by
bpf_struct_ops_put(). Thus, this patch also puts the bpf_struct_ops_map
after a rcu grace period because the trampoline's image cannot be freed
while the old bpf-tcp-cc is still running.
bpf-tcp-cc can only access icsk_ca_priv as SCALAR. All kernel's
tcp-cc is also accessing the icsk_ca_priv as SCALAR. The size
of icsk_ca_priv has already been raised a few times to avoid
extra kmalloc and memory referencing. The only exception is the
kernel's tcp_cdg.c that stores a kmalloc()-ed pointer in icsk_ca_priv.
To avoid the old bpf-tcp-cc accidentally overriding this tcp_cdg's pointer
value stored in icsk_ca_priv after switching and without over-complicating
the bpf's verifier for this one exception in tcp_cdg, this patch does not
allow switching to tcp_cdg. If there is a need, bpf_tcp_cdg can be
implemented and then use the bpf_sk_storage as the extended storage.
bpf_sk_setsockopt proto has only been recently added and used
in bpf-sockopt and bpf-iter-tcp, so impose the tcp_cdg limitation in the
same proto instead of adding a new proto specifically for bpf-tcp-cc.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210824173007.3976921-1-kafai@fb.com
The fexit/fmod_ret programs can be attached to kernel functions that can sleep.
The synchronize_rcu_tasks() will not wait for such tasks to complete.
In such case the trampoline image will be freed and when the task
wakes up the return IP will point to freed memory causing the crash.
Solve this by adding percpu_ref_get/put for the duration of trampoline
and separate trampoline vs its image life times.
The "half page" optimization has to be removed, since
first_half->second_half->first_half transition cannot be guaranteed to
complete in deterministic time. Every trampoline update becomes a new image.
The image with fmod_ret or fexit progs will be freed via percpu_ref_kill and
call_rcu_tasks. Together they will wait for the original function and
trampoline asm to complete. The trampoline is patched from nop to jmp to skip
fexit progs. They are freed independently from the trampoline. The image with
fentry progs only will be freed via call_rcu_tasks_trace+call_rcu_tasks which
will wait for both sleepable and non-sleepable progs to complete.
Fixes: fec56f5890 ("bpf: Introduce BPF trampoline")
Reported-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> # for RCU
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210316210007.38949-1-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
Do not use rlimit-based memory accounting for bpf_struct_ops maps.
It has been replaced with the memcg-based memory accounting.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201201215900.3569844-20-guro@fb.com
Moving btf_resolve_size into __btf_resolve_size and
keeping btf_resolve_size public with just first 3
arguments, because the rest of the arguments are not
used by outside callers.
Following changes are adding more arguments, which
are not useful to outside callers. They will be added
to the __btf_resolve_size function.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200825192124.710397-4-jolsa@kernel.org
Set map_btf_name and map_btf_id for all map types so that map fields can
be accessed by bpf programs.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ignatov <rdna@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/a825f808f22af52b018dbe82f1c7d29dab5fc978.1592600985.git.rdna@fb.com
Implement permissions as stated in uapi/linux/capability.h
In order to do that the verifier allow_ptr_leaks flag is split
into four flags and they are set as:
env->allow_ptr_leaks = bpf_allow_ptr_leaks();
env->bypass_spec_v1 = bpf_bypass_spec_v1();
env->bypass_spec_v4 = bpf_bypass_spec_v4();
env->bpf_capable = bpf_capable();
The first three currently equivalent to perfmon_capable(), since leaking kernel
pointers and reading kernel memory via side channel attacks is roughly
equivalent to reading kernel memory with cap_perfmon.
'bpf_capable' enables bounded loops, precision tracking, bpf to bpf calls and
other verifier features. 'allow_ptr_leaks' enable ptr leaks, ptr conversions,
subtraction of pointers. 'bypass_spec_v1' disables speculative analysis in the
verifier, run time mitigations in bpf array, and enables indirect variable
access in bpf programs. 'bypass_spec_v4' disables emission of sanitation code
by the verifier.
That means that the networking BPF program loaded with CAP_BPF + CAP_NET_ADMIN
will have speculative checks done by the verifier and other spectre mitigation
applied. Such networking BPF program will not be able to leak kernel pointers
and will not be able to access arbitrary kernel memory.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200513230355.7858-3-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
Overlapping header include additions in macsec.c
A bug fix in 'net' overlapping with the removal of 'version'
string in ena_netdev.c
Overlapping test additions in selftests Makefile
Overlapping PCI ID table adjustments in iwlwifi driver.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The current always succeed behavior in bpf_struct_ops_map_delete_elem()
is not ideal for userspace tool. It can be improved to return proper
error value.
If it is in TOBEFREE, it means unregistration has been already done
before but it is in progress and waiting for the subsystem to clear
the refcnt to zero, so -EINPROGRESS.
If it is INIT, it means the struct_ops has not been registered yet,
so -ENOENT.
Fixes: 85d33df357 ("bpf: Introduce BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS")
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200305013447.535326-1-kafai@fb.com
As we need to introduce a third type of attachment for trampolines, the
flattened signature of arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline gets even more
complicated.
Refactor the prog and count argument to arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline to
use bpf_tramp_progs to simplify the addition and accounting for new
attachment types.
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200304191853.1529-2-kpsingh@chromium.org
The current codebase makes use of the zero-length array language
extension to the C90 standard, but the preferred mechanism to declare
variable-length types such as these ones is a flexible array member[1][2],
introduced in C99:
struct foo {
int stuff;
struct boo array[];
};
By making use of the mechanism above, we will get a compiler warning
in case the flexible array does not occur last in the structure, which
will help us prevent some kind of undefined behavior bugs from being
inadvertently introduced[3] to the codebase from now on.
Also, notice that, dynamic memory allocations won't be affected by
this change:
"Flexible array members have incomplete type, and so the sizeof operator
may not be applied. As a quirk of the original implementation of
zero-length arrays, sizeof evaluates to zero."[1]
This issue was found with the help of Coccinelle.
[1] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Zero-Length.html
[2] https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/21
[3] commit 7649773293 ("cxgb3/l2t: Fix undefined behaviour")
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavo@embeddedor.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200227001744.GA3317@embeddedor
Instead of using a locally defined "struct bpf_verifier_log log = {}",
btf_struct_ops_init() should reuse the "log" from its calling
function "btf_parse_vmlinux()". It should also resolve the
frame-size too large compiler warning in some ARCH.
Fixes: 27ae7997a6 ("bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS")
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200127175145.1154438-1-kafai@fb.com
Instead of using bpf_struct_ops_map_lookup_elem() which is
not implemented, bpf_struct_ops_map_seq_show_elem() should
also use bpf_struct_ops_map_sys_lookup_elem() which does
an inplace update to the value. The change allocates
a value to pass to bpf_struct_ops_map_sys_lookup_elem().
[root@arch-fb-vm1 bpf]# cat /sys/fs/bpf/dctcp
{{{1}},BPF_STRUCT_OPS_STATE_INUSE,{{00000000df93eebc,00000000df93eebc},0,2, ...
Fixes: 85d33df357 ("bpf: Introduce BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS")
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200114072647.3188298-1-kafai@fb.com
The patch introduces BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS. The map value
is a kernel struct with its func ptr implemented in bpf prog.
This new map is the interface to register/unregister/introspect
a bpf implemented kernel struct.
The kernel struct is actually embedded inside another new struct
(or called the "value" struct in the code). For example,
"struct tcp_congestion_ops" is embbeded in:
struct bpf_struct_ops_tcp_congestion_ops {
refcount_t refcnt;
enum bpf_struct_ops_state state;
struct tcp_congestion_ops data; /* <-- kernel subsystem struct here */
}
The map value is "struct bpf_struct_ops_tcp_congestion_ops".
The "bpftool map dump" will then be able to show the
state ("inuse"/"tobefree") and the number of subsystem's refcnt (e.g.
number of tcp_sock in the tcp_congestion_ops case). This "value" struct
is created automatically by a macro. Having a separate "value" struct
will also make extending "struct bpf_struct_ops_XYZ" easier (e.g. adding
"void (*init)(void)" to "struct bpf_struct_ops_XYZ" to do some
initialization works before registering the struct_ops to the kernel
subsystem). The libbpf will take care of finding and populating the
"struct bpf_struct_ops_XYZ" from "struct XYZ".
Register a struct_ops to a kernel subsystem:
1. Load all needed BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog(s)
2. Create a BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS with attr->btf_vmlinux_value_type_id
set to the btf id "struct bpf_struct_ops_tcp_congestion_ops" of the
running kernel.
Instead of reusing the attr->btf_value_type_id,
btf_vmlinux_value_type_id s added such that attr->btf_fd can still be
used as the "user" btf which could store other useful sysadmin/debug
info that may be introduced in the furture,
e.g. creation-date/compiler-details/map-creator...etc.
3. Create a "struct bpf_struct_ops_tcp_congestion_ops" object as described
in the running kernel btf. Populate the value of this object.
The function ptr should be populated with the prog fds.
4. Call BPF_MAP_UPDATE with the object created in (3) as
the map value. The key is always "0".
During BPF_MAP_UPDATE, the code that saves the kernel-func-ptr's
args as an array of u64 is generated. BPF_MAP_UPDATE also allows
the specific struct_ops to do some final checks in "st_ops->init_member()"
(e.g. ensure all mandatory func ptrs are implemented).
If everything looks good, it will register this kernel struct
to the kernel subsystem. The map will not allow further update
from this point.
Unregister a struct_ops from the kernel subsystem:
BPF_MAP_DELETE with key "0".
Introspect a struct_ops:
BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM with key "0". The map value returned will
have the prog _id_ populated as the func ptr.
The map value state (enum bpf_struct_ops_state) will transit from:
INIT (map created) =>
INUSE (map updated, i.e. reg) =>
TOBEFREE (map value deleted, i.e. unreg)
The kernel subsystem needs to call bpf_struct_ops_get() and
bpf_struct_ops_put() to manage the "refcnt" in the
"struct bpf_struct_ops_XYZ". This patch uses a separate refcnt
for the purose of tracking the subsystem usage. Another approach
is to reuse the map->refcnt and then "show" (i.e. during map_lookup)
the subsystem's usage by doing map->refcnt - map->usercnt to filter out
the map-fd/pinned-map usage. However, that will also tie down the
future semantics of map->refcnt and map->usercnt.
The very first subsystem's refcnt (during reg()) holds one
count to map->refcnt. When the very last subsystem's refcnt
is gone, it will also release the map->refcnt. All bpf_prog will be
freed when the map->refcnt reaches 0 (i.e. during map_free()).
Here is how the bpftool map command will look like:
[root@arch-fb-vm1 bpf]# bpftool map show
6: struct_ops name dctcp flags 0x0
key 4B value 256B max_entries 1 memlock 4096B
btf_id 6
[root@arch-fb-vm1 bpf]# bpftool map dump id 6
[{
"value": {
"refcnt": {
"refs": {
"counter": 1
}
},
"state": 1,
"data": {
"list": {
"next": 0,
"prev": 0
},
"key": 0,
"flags": 2,
"init": 24,
"release": 0,
"ssthresh": 25,
"cong_avoid": 30,
"set_state": 27,
"cwnd_event": 28,
"in_ack_event": 26,
"undo_cwnd": 29,
"pkts_acked": 0,
"min_tso_segs": 0,
"sndbuf_expand": 0,
"cong_control": 0,
"get_info": 0,
"name": [98,112,102,95,100,99,116,99,112,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
],
"owner": 0
}
}
}
]
Misc Notes:
* bpf_struct_ops_map_sys_lookup_elem() is added for syscall lookup.
It does an inplace update on "*value" instead returning a pointer
to syscall.c. Otherwise, it needs a separate copy of "zero" value
for the BPF_STRUCT_OPS_STATE_INIT to avoid races.
* The bpf_struct_ops_map_delete_elem() is also called without
preempt_disable() from map_delete_elem(). It is because
the "->unreg()" may requires sleepable context, e.g.
the "tcp_unregister_congestion_control()".
* "const" is added to some of the existing "struct btf_func_model *"
function arg to avoid a compiler warning caused by this patch.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200109003505.3855919-1-kafai@fb.com
This patch allows the kernel's struct ops (i.e. func ptr) to be
implemented in BPF. The first use case in this series is the
"struct tcp_congestion_ops" which will be introduced in a
latter patch.
This patch introduces a new prog type BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS.
The BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog is verified against a particular
func ptr of a kernel struct. The attr->attach_btf_id is the btf id
of a kernel struct. The attr->expected_attach_type is the member
"index" of that kernel struct. The first member of a struct starts
with member index 0. That will avoid ambiguity when a kernel struct
has multiple func ptrs with the same func signature.
For example, a BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog is written
to implement the "init" func ptr of the "struct tcp_congestion_ops".
The attr->attach_btf_id is the btf id of the "struct tcp_congestion_ops"
of the _running_ kernel. The attr->expected_attach_type is 3.
The ctx of BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS is an array of u64 args saved
by arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline that will be done in the next
patch when introducing BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS.
"struct bpf_struct_ops" is introduced as a common interface for the kernel
struct that supports BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog. The supporting kernel
struct will need to implement an instance of the "struct bpf_struct_ops".
The supporting kernel struct also needs to implement a bpf_verifier_ops.
During BPF_PROG_LOAD, bpf_struct_ops_find() will find the right
bpf_verifier_ops by searching the attr->attach_btf_id.
A new "btf_struct_access" is also added to the bpf_verifier_ops such
that the supporting kernel struct can optionally provide its own specific
check on accessing the func arg (e.g. provide limited write access).
After btf_vmlinux is parsed, the new bpf_struct_ops_init() is called
to initialize some values (e.g. the btf id of the supporting kernel
struct) and it can only be done once the btf_vmlinux is available.
The R0 checks at BPF_EXIT is excluded for the BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog
if the return type of the prog->aux->attach_func_proto is "void".
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200109003503.3855825-1-kafai@fb.com
