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![Greg Kroah-Hartman](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
282 lines
9 KiB
C
282 lines
9 KiB
C
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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#ifndef _LINUX_INIT_H
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#define _LINUX_INIT_H
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#include <linux/compiler.h>
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#include <linux/types.h>
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/* These macros are used to mark some functions or
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* initialized data (doesn't apply to uninitialized data)
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* as `initialization' functions. The kernel can take this
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* as hint that the function is used only during the initialization
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* phase and free up used memory resources after
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*
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* Usage:
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* For functions:
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*
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* You should add __init immediately before the function name, like:
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*
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* static void __init initme(int x, int y)
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* {
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* extern int z; z = x * y;
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* }
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*
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* If the function has a prototype somewhere, you can also add
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* __init between closing brace of the prototype and semicolon:
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*
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* extern int initialize_foobar_device(int, int, int) __init;
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*
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* For initialized data:
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* You should insert __initdata or __initconst between the variable name
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* and equal sign followed by value, e.g.:
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*
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* static int init_variable __initdata = 0;
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* static const char linux_logo[] __initconst = { 0x32, 0x36, ... };
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*
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* Don't forget to initialize data not at file scope, i.e. within a function,
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* as gcc otherwise puts the data into the bss section and not into the init
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* section.
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*/
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/* These are for everybody (although not all archs will actually
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discard it in modules) */
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#define __init __section(.init.text) __cold __inittrace __latent_entropy
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#define __initdata __section(.init.data)
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#define __initconst __section(.init.rodata)
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#define __exitdata __section(.exit.data)
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#define __exit_call __used __section(.exitcall.exit)
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/*
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* modpost check for section mismatches during the kernel build.
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* A section mismatch happens when there are references from a
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* code or data section to an init section (both code or data).
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* The init sections are (for most archs) discarded by the kernel
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* when early init has completed so all such references are potential bugs.
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* For exit sections the same issue exists.
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*
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* The following markers are used for the cases where the reference to
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* the *init / *exit section (code or data) is valid and will teach
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* modpost not to issue a warning. Intended semantics is that a code or
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* data tagged __ref* can reference code or data from init section without
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* producing a warning (of course, no warning does not mean code is
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* correct, so optimally document why the __ref is needed and why it's OK).
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*
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* The markers follow same syntax rules as __init / __initdata.
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*/
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#define __ref __section(.ref.text) noinline
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#define __refdata __section(.ref.data)
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#define __refconst __section(.ref.rodata)
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#ifdef MODULE
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#define __exitused
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#define __inittrace notrace
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#else
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#define __exitused __used
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#define __inittrace
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#endif
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#define __exit __section(.exit.text) __exitused __cold notrace
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/* Used for MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
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#define __meminit __section(.meminit.text) __cold notrace \
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__latent_entropy
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#define __meminitdata __section(.meminit.data)
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#define __meminitconst __section(.meminit.rodata)
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#define __memexit __section(.memexit.text) __exitused __cold notrace
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#define __memexitdata __section(.memexit.data)
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#define __memexitconst __section(.memexit.rodata)
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/* For assembly routines */
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#define __HEAD .section ".head.text","ax"
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#define __INIT .section ".init.text","ax"
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#define __FINIT .previous
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#define __INITDATA .section ".init.data","aw",%progbits
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#define __INITRODATA .section ".init.rodata","a",%progbits
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#define __FINITDATA .previous
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#define __MEMINIT .section ".meminit.text", "ax"
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#define __MEMINITDATA .section ".meminit.data", "aw"
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#define __MEMINITRODATA .section ".meminit.rodata", "a"
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/* silence warnings when references are OK */
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#define __REF .section ".ref.text", "ax"
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#define __REFDATA .section ".ref.data", "aw"
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#define __REFCONST .section ".ref.rodata", "a"
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#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
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/*
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* Used for initialization calls..
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*/
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typedef int (*initcall_t)(void);
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typedef void (*exitcall_t)(void);
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extern initcall_t __con_initcall_start[], __con_initcall_end[];
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extern initcall_t __security_initcall_start[], __security_initcall_end[];
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/* Used for contructor calls. */
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typedef void (*ctor_fn_t)(void);
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/* Defined in init/main.c */
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extern int do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn);
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extern char __initdata boot_command_line[];
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extern char *saved_command_line;
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extern unsigned int reset_devices;
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/* used by init/main.c */
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void setup_arch(char **);
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void prepare_namespace(void);
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void __init load_default_modules(void);
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int __init init_rootfs(void);
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#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
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extern bool rodata_enabled;
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
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void mark_rodata_ro(void);
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#endif
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extern void (*late_time_init)(void);
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extern bool initcall_debug;
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#endif
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#ifndef MODULE
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#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
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/*
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* initcalls are now grouped by functionality into separate
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* subsections. Ordering inside the subsections is determined
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* by link order.
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* For backwards compatibility, initcall() puts the call in
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* the device init subsection.
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*
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* The `id' arg to __define_initcall() is needed so that multiple initcalls
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* can point at the same handler without causing duplicate-symbol build errors.
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*
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* Initcalls are run by placing pointers in initcall sections that the
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* kernel iterates at runtime. The linker can do dead code / data elimination
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* and remove that completely, so the initcall sections have to be marked
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* as KEEP() in the linker script.
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*/
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#define __define_initcall(fn, id) \
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static initcall_t __initcall_##fn##id __used \
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__attribute__((__section__(".initcall" #id ".init"))) = fn;
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/*
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* Early initcalls run before initializing SMP.
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*
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* Only for built-in code, not modules.
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*/
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#define early_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, early)
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/*
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* A "pure" initcall has no dependencies on anything else, and purely
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* initializes variables that couldn't be statically initialized.
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*
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* This only exists for built-in code, not for modules.
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* Keep main.c:initcall_level_names[] in sync.
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*/
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#define pure_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 0)
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#define core_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 1)
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#define core_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 1s)
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#define postcore_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 2)
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#define postcore_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 2s)
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#define arch_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 3)
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#define arch_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 3s)
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#define subsys_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 4)
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#define subsys_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 4s)
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#define fs_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 5)
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#define fs_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 5s)
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#define rootfs_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, rootfs)
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#define device_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 6)
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#define device_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 6s)
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#define late_initcall(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 7)
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#define late_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall(fn, 7s)
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#define __initcall(fn) device_initcall(fn)
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#define __exitcall(fn) \
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static exitcall_t __exitcall_##fn __exit_call = fn
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#define console_initcall(fn) \
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static initcall_t __initcall_##fn \
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__used __section(.con_initcall.init) = fn
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#define security_initcall(fn) \
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static initcall_t __initcall_##fn \
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__used __section(.security_initcall.init) = fn
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struct obs_kernel_param {
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const char *str;
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int (*setup_func)(char *);
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int early;
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};
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/*
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* Only for really core code. See moduleparam.h for the normal way.
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*
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* Force the alignment so the compiler doesn't space elements of the
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* obs_kernel_param "array" too far apart in .init.setup.
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*/
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#define __setup_param(str, unique_id, fn, early) \
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static const char __setup_str_##unique_id[] __initconst \
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__aligned(1) = str; \
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static struct obs_kernel_param __setup_##unique_id \
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__used __section(.init.setup) \
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__attribute__((aligned((sizeof(long))))) \
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= { __setup_str_##unique_id, fn, early }
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#define __setup(str, fn) \
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__setup_param(str, fn, fn, 0)
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/*
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* NOTE: fn is as per module_param, not __setup!
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* Emits warning if fn returns non-zero.
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*/
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#define early_param(str, fn) \
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__setup_param(str, fn, fn, 1)
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#define early_param_on_off(str_on, str_off, var, config) \
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\
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int var = IS_ENABLED(config); \
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\
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static int __init parse_##var##_on(char *arg) \
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{ \
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var = 1; \
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return 0; \
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} \
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__setup_param(str_on, parse_##var##_on, parse_##var##_on, 1); \
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\
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static int __init parse_##var##_off(char *arg) \
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{ \
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var = 0; \
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return 0; \
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} \
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__setup_param(str_off, parse_##var##_off, parse_##var##_off, 1)
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/* Relies on boot_command_line being set */
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void __init parse_early_param(void);
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void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline);
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#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
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#else /* MODULE */
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#define __setup_param(str, unique_id, fn) /* nothing */
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#define __setup(str, func) /* nothing */
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#endif
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/* Data marked not to be saved by software suspend */
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#define __nosavedata __section(.data..nosave)
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#ifdef MODULE
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#define __exit_p(x) x
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#else
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#define __exit_p(x) NULL
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#endif
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#endif /* _LINUX_INIT_H */
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