mirror of
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
synced 2024-11-01 17:08:10 +00:00
a40dc6cc2e
Enable/disable use of the dentry dir 'complete' flag via a mount option. This lets the admin control whether ceph uses the dcache to satisfy negative lookups or readdir when it has the entire directory contents in its cache. This is purely a performance optimization; correctness is guaranteed whether it is enabled or not. Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
148 lines
5.6 KiB
Text
148 lines
5.6 KiB
Text
Ceph Distributed File System
|
|
============================
|
|
|
|
Ceph is a distributed network file system designed to provide good
|
|
performance, reliability, and scalability.
|
|
|
|
Basic features include:
|
|
|
|
* POSIX semantics
|
|
* Seamless scaling from 1 to many thousands of nodes
|
|
* High availability and reliability. No single point of failure.
|
|
* N-way replication of data across storage nodes
|
|
* Fast recovery from node failures
|
|
* Automatic rebalancing of data on node addition/removal
|
|
* Easy deployment: most FS components are userspace daemons
|
|
|
|
Also,
|
|
* Flexible snapshots (on any directory)
|
|
* Recursive accounting (nested files, directories, bytes)
|
|
|
|
In contrast to cluster filesystems like GFS, OCFS2, and GPFS that rely
|
|
on symmetric access by all clients to shared block devices, Ceph
|
|
separates data and metadata management into independent server
|
|
clusters, similar to Lustre. Unlike Lustre, however, metadata and
|
|
storage nodes run entirely as user space daemons. Storage nodes
|
|
utilize btrfs to store data objects, leveraging its advanced features
|
|
(checksumming, metadata replication, etc.). File data is striped
|
|
across storage nodes in large chunks to distribute workload and
|
|
facilitate high throughputs. When storage nodes fail, data is
|
|
re-replicated in a distributed fashion by the storage nodes themselves
|
|
(with some minimal coordination from a cluster monitor), making the
|
|
system extremely efficient and scalable.
|
|
|
|
Metadata servers effectively form a large, consistent, distributed
|
|
in-memory cache above the file namespace that is extremely scalable,
|
|
dynamically redistributes metadata in response to workload changes,
|
|
and can tolerate arbitrary (well, non-Byzantine) node failures. The
|
|
metadata server takes a somewhat unconventional approach to metadata
|
|
storage to significantly improve performance for common workloads. In
|
|
particular, inodes with only a single link are embedded in
|
|
directories, allowing entire directories of dentries and inodes to be
|
|
loaded into its cache with a single I/O operation. The contents of
|
|
extremely large directories can be fragmented and managed by
|
|
independent metadata servers, allowing scalable concurrent access.
|
|
|
|
The system offers automatic data rebalancing/migration when scaling
|
|
from a small cluster of just a few nodes to many hundreds, without
|
|
requiring an administrator carve the data set into static volumes or
|
|
go through the tedious process of migrating data between servers.
|
|
When the file system approaches full, new nodes can be easily added
|
|
and things will "just work."
|
|
|
|
Ceph includes flexible snapshot mechanism that allows a user to create
|
|
a snapshot on any subdirectory (and its nested contents) in the
|
|
system. Snapshot creation and deletion are as simple as 'mkdir
|
|
.snap/foo' and 'rmdir .snap/foo'.
|
|
|
|
Ceph also provides some recursive accounting on directories for nested
|
|
files and bytes. That is, a 'getfattr -d foo' on any directory in the
|
|
system will reveal the total number of nested regular files and
|
|
subdirectories, and a summation of all nested file sizes. This makes
|
|
the identification of large disk space consumers relatively quick, as
|
|
no 'du' or similar recursive scan of the file system is required.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Syntax
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
The basic mount syntax is:
|
|
|
|
# mount -t ceph monip[:port][,monip2[:port]...]:/[subdir] mnt
|
|
|
|
You only need to specify a single monitor, as the client will get the
|
|
full list when it connects. (However, if the monitor you specify
|
|
happens to be down, the mount won't succeed.) The port can be left
|
|
off if the monitor is using the default. So if the monitor is at
|
|
1.2.3.4,
|
|
|
|
# mount -t ceph 1.2.3.4:/ /mnt/ceph
|
|
|
|
is sufficient. If /sbin/mount.ceph is installed, a hostname can be
|
|
used instead of an IP address.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Options
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
ip=A.B.C.D[:N]
|
|
Specify the IP and/or port the client should bind to locally.
|
|
There is normally not much reason to do this. If the IP is not
|
|
specified, the client's IP address is determined by looking at the
|
|
address its connection to the monitor originates from.
|
|
|
|
wsize=X
|
|
Specify the maximum write size in bytes. By default there is no
|
|
maximum. Ceph will normally size writes based on the file stripe
|
|
size.
|
|
|
|
rsize=X
|
|
Specify the maximum readahead.
|
|
|
|
mount_timeout=X
|
|
Specify the timeout value for mount (in seconds), in the case
|
|
of a non-responsive Ceph file system. The default is 30
|
|
seconds.
|
|
|
|
rbytes
|
|
When stat() is called on a directory, set st_size to 'rbytes',
|
|
the summation of file sizes over all files nested beneath that
|
|
directory. This is the default.
|
|
|
|
norbytes
|
|
When stat() is called on a directory, set st_size to the
|
|
number of entries in that directory.
|
|
|
|
nocrc
|
|
Disable CRC32C calculation for data writes. If set, the storage node
|
|
must rely on TCP's error correction to detect data corruption
|
|
in the data payload.
|
|
|
|
dcache
|
|
Use the dcache contents to perform negative lookups and
|
|
readdir when the client has the entire directory contents in
|
|
its cache. (This does not change correctness; the client uses
|
|
cached metadata only when a lease or capability ensures it is
|
|
valid.)
|
|
|
|
nodcache
|
|
Do not use the dcache as above. This avoids a significant amount of
|
|
complex code, sacrificing performance without affecting correctness,
|
|
and is useful for tracking down bugs.
|
|
|
|
noasyncreaddir
|
|
Do not use the dcache as above for readdir.
|
|
|
|
More Information
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
For more information on Ceph, see the home page at
|
|
http://ceph.newdream.net/
|
|
|
|
The Linux kernel client source tree is available at
|
|
git://ceph.newdream.net/git/ceph-client.git
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sage/ceph-client.git
|
|
|
|
and the source for the full system is at
|
|
git://ceph.newdream.net/git/ceph.git
|