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![Miguel Ojeda](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Rust has documentation tests: these are typically examples of usage of any item (e.g. function, struct, module...). They are very convenient because they are just written alongside the documentation. For instance: /// Sums two numbers. /// /// ``` /// assert_eq!(mymod::f(10, 20), 30); /// ``` pub fn f(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { a + b } In userspace, the tests are collected and run via `rustdoc`. Using the tool as-is would be useful already, since it allows to compile-test most tests (thus enforcing they are kept in sync with the code they document) and run those that do not depend on in-kernel APIs. However, by transforming the tests into a KUnit test suite, they can also be run inside the kernel. Moreover, the tests get to be compiled as other Rust kernel objects instead of targeting userspace. On top of that, the integration with KUnit means the Rust support gets to reuse the existing testing facilities. For instance, the kernel log would look like: KTAP version 1 1..1 KTAP version 1 # Subtest: rust_doctests_kernel 1..59 # rust_doctest_kernel_build_assert_rs_0.location: rust/kernel/build_assert.rs:13 ok 1 rust_doctest_kernel_build_assert_rs_0 # rust_doctest_kernel_build_assert_rs_1.location: rust/kernel/build_assert.rs:56 ok 2 rust_doctest_kernel_build_assert_rs_1 # rust_doctest_kernel_init_rs_0.location: rust/kernel/init.rs:122 ok 3 rust_doctest_kernel_init_rs_0 ... # rust_doctest_kernel_types_rs_2.location: rust/kernel/types.rs:150 ok 59 rust_doctest_kernel_types_rs_2 # rust_doctests_kernel: pass:59 fail:0 skip:0 total:59 # Totals: pass:59 fail:0 skip:0 total:59 ok 1 rust_doctests_kernel Therefore, add support for running Rust documentation tests in KUnit. Some other notes about the current implementation and support follow. The transformation is performed by a couple scripts written as Rust hostprogs. Tests using the `?` operator are also supported as usual, e.g.: /// ``` /// # use kernel::{spawn_work_item, workqueue}; /// spawn_work_item!(workqueue::system(), || pr_info!("x"))?; /// # Ok::<(), Error>(()) /// ``` The tests are also compiled with Clippy under `CLIPPY=1`, just like normal code, thus also benefitting from extra linting. The names of the tests are currently automatically generated. This allows to reduce the burden for documentation writers, while keeping them fairly stable for bisection. This is an improvement over the `rustdoc`-generated names, which include the line number; but ideally we would like to get `rustdoc` to provide the Rust item path and a number (for multiple examples in a single documented Rust item). In order for developers to easily see from which original line a failed doctests came from, a KTAP diagnostic line is printed to the log, containing the location (file and line) of the original test (i.e. instead of the location in the generated Rust file): # rust_doctest_kernel_types_rs_2.location: rust/kernel/types.rs:150 This line follows the syntax for declaring test metadata in the proposed KTAP v2 spec [1], which may be used for the proposed KUnit test attributes API [2]. Thus hopefully this will make migration easier later on (suggested by David [3]). The original line in that test attribute is figured out by providing an anchor (suggested by Boqun [4]). The original file is found by walking the filesystem, checking directory prefixes to reduce the amount of combinations to check, and it is only done once per file. Ambiguities are detected and reported. A notable difference from KUnit C tests is that the Rust tests appear to assert using the usual `assert!` and `assert_eq!` macros from the Rust standard library (`core`). We provide a custom version that forwards the call to KUnit instead. Importantly, these macros do not require passing context, unlike the KUnit C ones (i.e. `struct kunit *`). This makes them easier to use, and readers of the documentation do not need to care about which testing framework is used. In addition, it may allow us to test third-party code more easily in the future. However, a current limitation is that KUnit does not support assertions in other tasks. Thus we presently simply print an error to the kernel log if an assertion actually failed. This should be revisited to properly fail the test, perhaps saving the context somewhere else, or letting KUnit handle it. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230420205734.1288498-1-rmoar@google.com/ [1] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kselftest/20230707210947.1208717-1-rmoar@google.com/ [2] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/CABVgOSkOLO-8v6kdAGpmYnZUb+LKOX0CtYCo-Bge7r_2YTuXDQ@mail.gmail.com/ [3] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/ZIps86MbJF%2FiGIzd@boqun-archlinux/ [4] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
163 lines
7 KiB
Rust
163 lines
7 KiB
Rust
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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//! KUnit-based macros for Rust unit tests.
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//!
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//! C header: [`include/kunit/test.h`](../../../../../include/kunit/test.h)
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//!
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//! Reference: <https://docs.kernel.org/dev-tools/kunit/index.html>
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use core::{ffi::c_void, fmt};
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/// Prints a KUnit error-level message.
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///
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/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from KUnit generated code.
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#[doc(hidden)]
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pub fn err(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) {
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// SAFETY: The format string is null-terminated and the `%pA` specifier matches the argument we
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// are passing.
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#[cfg(CONFIG_PRINTK)]
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unsafe {
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bindings::_printk(
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b"\x013%pA\0".as_ptr() as _,
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&args as *const _ as *const c_void,
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);
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}
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}
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/// Prints a KUnit info-level message.
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///
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/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from KUnit generated code.
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#[doc(hidden)]
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pub fn info(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) {
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// SAFETY: The format string is null-terminated and the `%pA` specifier matches the argument we
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// are passing.
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#[cfg(CONFIG_PRINTK)]
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unsafe {
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bindings::_printk(
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b"\x016%pA\0".as_ptr() as _,
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&args as *const _ as *const c_void,
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);
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}
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}
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/// Asserts that a boolean expression is `true` at runtime.
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///
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/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from generated tests.
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///
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/// Unlike the one in `core`, this one does not panic; instead, it is mapped to the KUnit
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/// facilities. See [`assert!`] for more details.
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#[doc(hidden)]
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#[macro_export]
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macro_rules! kunit_assert {
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($name:literal, $file:literal, $diff:expr, $condition:expr $(,)?) => {
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'out: {
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// Do nothing if the condition is `true`.
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if $condition {
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break 'out;
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}
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static FILE: &'static $crate::str::CStr = $crate::c_str!($file);
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static LINE: i32 = core::line!() as i32 - $diff;
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static CONDITION: &'static $crate::str::CStr = $crate::c_str!(stringify!($condition));
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// SAFETY: FFI call without safety requirements.
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let kunit_test = unsafe { $crate::bindings::kunit_get_current_test() };
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if kunit_test.is_null() {
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// The assertion failed but this task is not running a KUnit test, so we cannot call
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// KUnit, but at least print an error to the kernel log. This may happen if this
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// macro is called from an spawned thread in a test (see
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// `scripts/rustdoc_test_gen.rs`) or if some non-test code calls this macro by
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// mistake (it is hidden to prevent that).
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//
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// This mimics KUnit's failed assertion format.
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$crate::kunit::err(format_args!(
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" # {}: ASSERTION FAILED at {FILE}:{LINE}\n",
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$name
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));
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$crate::kunit::err(format_args!(
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" Expected {CONDITION} to be true, but is false\n"
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));
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$crate::kunit::err(format_args!(
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" Failure not reported to KUnit since this is a non-KUnit task\n"
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));
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break 'out;
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}
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#[repr(transparent)]
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struct Location($crate::bindings::kunit_loc);
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#[repr(transparent)]
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struct UnaryAssert($crate::bindings::kunit_unary_assert);
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// SAFETY: There is only a static instance and in that one the pointer field points to
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// an immutable C string.
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unsafe impl Sync for Location {}
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// SAFETY: There is only a static instance and in that one the pointer field points to
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// an immutable C string.
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unsafe impl Sync for UnaryAssert {}
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static LOCATION: Location = Location($crate::bindings::kunit_loc {
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file: FILE.as_char_ptr(),
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line: LINE,
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});
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static ASSERTION: UnaryAssert = UnaryAssert($crate::bindings::kunit_unary_assert {
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assert: $crate::bindings::kunit_assert {},
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condition: CONDITION.as_char_ptr(),
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expected_true: true,
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});
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// SAFETY:
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// - FFI call.
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// - The `kunit_test` pointer is valid because we got it from
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// `kunit_get_current_test()` and it was not null. This means we are in a KUnit
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// test, and that the pointer can be passed to KUnit functions and assertions.
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// - The string pointers (`file` and `condition` above) point to null-terminated
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// strings since they are `CStr`s.
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// - The function pointer (`format`) points to the proper function.
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// - The pointers passed will remain valid since they point to `static`s.
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// - The format string is allowed to be null.
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// - There are, however, problems with this: first of all, this will end up stopping
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// the thread, without running destructors. While that is problematic in itself,
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// it is considered UB to have what is effectively a forced foreign unwind
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// with `extern "C"` ABI. One could observe the stack that is now gone from
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// another thread. We should avoid pinning stack variables to prevent library UB,
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// too. For the moment, given that test failures are reported immediately before the
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// next test runs, that test failures should be fixed and that KUnit is explicitly
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// documented as not suitable for production environments, we feel it is reasonable.
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unsafe {
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$crate::bindings::__kunit_do_failed_assertion(
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kunit_test,
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core::ptr::addr_of!(LOCATION.0),
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$crate::bindings::kunit_assert_type_KUNIT_ASSERTION,
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core::ptr::addr_of!(ASSERTION.0.assert),
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Some($crate::bindings::kunit_unary_assert_format),
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core::ptr::null(),
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);
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}
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// SAFETY: FFI call; the `test` pointer is valid because this hidden macro should only
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// be called by the generated documentation tests which forward the test pointer given
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// by KUnit.
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unsafe {
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$crate::bindings::__kunit_abort(kunit_test);
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}
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}
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};
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}
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/// Asserts that two expressions are equal to each other (using [`PartialEq`]).
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///
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/// Public but hidden since it should only be used from generated tests.
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///
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/// Unlike the one in `core`, this one does not panic; instead, it is mapped to the KUnit
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/// facilities. See [`assert!`] for more details.
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#[doc(hidden)]
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#[macro_export]
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macro_rules! kunit_assert_eq {
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($name:literal, $file:literal, $diff:expr, $left:expr, $right:expr $(,)?) => {{
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// For the moment, we just forward to the expression assert because, for binary asserts,
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// KUnit supports only a few types (e.g. integers).
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$crate::kunit_assert!($name, $file, $diff, $left == $right);
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}};
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}
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