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![Greg Kroah-Hartman](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
244 lines
7 KiB
C
244 lines
7 KiB
C
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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/* IBM RS/6000 "XCOFF" file definitions for BFD.
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Copyright (C) 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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FIXME: Can someone provide a transliteration of this name into ASCII?
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Using the following chars caused a compiler warning on HIUX (so I replaced
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them with octal escapes), and isn't useful without an understanding of what
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character set it is.
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Written by Mimi Ph\373\364ng-Th\345o V\365 of IBM
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and John Gilmore of Cygnus Support. */
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/********************** FILE HEADER **********************/
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struct external_filehdr {
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char f_magic[2]; /* magic number */
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char f_nscns[2]; /* number of sections */
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char f_timdat[4]; /* time & date stamp */
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char f_symptr[4]; /* file pointer to symtab */
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char f_nsyms[4]; /* number of symtab entries */
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char f_opthdr[2]; /* sizeof(optional hdr) */
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char f_flags[2]; /* flags */
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};
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/* IBM RS/6000 */
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#define U802WRMAGIC 0730 /* writeable text segments **chh** */
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#define U802ROMAGIC 0735 /* readonly sharable text segments */
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#define U802TOCMAGIC 0737 /* readonly text segments and TOC */
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#define BADMAG(x) \
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((x).f_magic != U802ROMAGIC && (x).f_magic != U802WRMAGIC && \
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(x).f_magic != U802TOCMAGIC)
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#define FILHDR struct external_filehdr
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#define FILHSZ 20
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/********************** AOUT "OPTIONAL HEADER" **********************/
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typedef struct
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{
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unsigned char magic[2]; /* type of file */
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unsigned char vstamp[2]; /* version stamp */
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unsigned char tsize[4]; /* text size in bytes, padded to FW bdry */
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unsigned char dsize[4]; /* initialized data " " */
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unsigned char bsize[4]; /* uninitialized data " " */
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unsigned char entry[4]; /* entry pt. */
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unsigned char text_start[4]; /* base of text used for this file */
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unsigned char data_start[4]; /* base of data used for this file */
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unsigned char o_toc[4]; /* address of TOC */
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unsigned char o_snentry[2]; /* section number of entry point */
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unsigned char o_sntext[2]; /* section number of .text section */
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unsigned char o_sndata[2]; /* section number of .data section */
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unsigned char o_sntoc[2]; /* section number of TOC */
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unsigned char o_snloader[2]; /* section number of .loader section */
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unsigned char o_snbss[2]; /* section number of .bss section */
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unsigned char o_algntext[2]; /* .text alignment */
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unsigned char o_algndata[2]; /* .data alignment */
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unsigned char o_modtype[2]; /* module type (??) */
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unsigned char o_cputype[2]; /* cpu type */
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unsigned char o_maxstack[4]; /* max stack size (??) */
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unsigned char o_maxdata[4]; /* max data size (??) */
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unsigned char o_resv2[12]; /* reserved */
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}
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AOUTHDR;
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#define AOUTSZ 72
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#define SMALL_AOUTSZ (28)
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#define AOUTHDRSZ 72
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#define RS6K_AOUTHDR_OMAGIC 0x0107 /* old: text & data writeable */
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#define RS6K_AOUTHDR_NMAGIC 0x0108 /* new: text r/o, data r/w */
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#define RS6K_AOUTHDR_ZMAGIC 0x010B /* paged: text r/o, both page-aligned */
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/********************** SECTION HEADER **********************/
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struct external_scnhdr {
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char s_name[8]; /* section name */
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char s_paddr[4]; /* physical address, aliased s_nlib */
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char s_vaddr[4]; /* virtual address */
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char s_size[4]; /* section size */
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char s_scnptr[4]; /* file ptr to raw data for section */
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char s_relptr[4]; /* file ptr to relocation */
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char s_lnnoptr[4]; /* file ptr to line numbers */
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char s_nreloc[2]; /* number of relocation entries */
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char s_nlnno[2]; /* number of line number entries*/
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char s_flags[4]; /* flags */
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};
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/*
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* names of "special" sections
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*/
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#define _TEXT ".text"
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#define _DATA ".data"
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#define _BSS ".bss"
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#define _PAD ".pad"
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#define _LOADER ".loader"
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#define SCNHDR struct external_scnhdr
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#define SCNHSZ 40
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/* XCOFF uses a special .loader section with type STYP_LOADER. */
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#define STYP_LOADER 0x1000
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/* XCOFF uses a special .debug section with type STYP_DEBUG. */
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#define STYP_DEBUG 0x2000
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/* XCOFF handles line number or relocation overflow by creating
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another section header with STYP_OVRFLO set. */
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#define STYP_OVRFLO 0x8000
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/********************** LINE NUMBERS **********************/
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/* 1 line number entry for every "breakpointable" source line in a section.
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* Line numbers are grouped on a per function basis; first entry in a function
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* grouping will have l_lnno = 0 and in place of physical address will be the
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* symbol table index of the function name.
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*/
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struct external_lineno {
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union {
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char l_symndx[4]; /* function name symbol index, iff l_lnno == 0*/
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char l_paddr[4]; /* (physical) address of line number */
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} l_addr;
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char l_lnno[2]; /* line number */
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};
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#define LINENO struct external_lineno
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#define LINESZ 6
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/********************** SYMBOLS **********************/
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#define E_SYMNMLEN 8 /* # characters in a symbol name */
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#define E_FILNMLEN 14 /* # characters in a file name */
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#define E_DIMNUM 4 /* # array dimensions in auxiliary entry */
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struct external_syment
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{
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union {
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char e_name[E_SYMNMLEN];
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struct {
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char e_zeroes[4];
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char e_offset[4];
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} e;
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} e;
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char e_value[4];
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char e_scnum[2];
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char e_type[2];
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char e_sclass[1];
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char e_numaux[1];
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};
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#define N_BTMASK (017)
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#define N_TMASK (060)
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#define N_BTSHFT (4)
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#define N_TSHIFT (2)
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union external_auxent {
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struct {
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char x_tagndx[4]; /* str, un, or enum tag indx */
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union {
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struct {
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char x_lnno[2]; /* declaration line number */
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char x_size[2]; /* str/union/array size */
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} x_lnsz;
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char x_fsize[4]; /* size of function */
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} x_misc;
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union {
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struct { /* if ISFCN, tag, or .bb */
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char x_lnnoptr[4]; /* ptr to fcn line # */
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char x_endndx[4]; /* entry ndx past block end */
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} x_fcn;
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struct { /* if ISARY, up to 4 dimen. */
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char x_dimen[E_DIMNUM][2];
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} x_ary;
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} x_fcnary;
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char x_tvndx[2]; /* tv index */
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} x_sym;
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union {
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char x_fname[E_FILNMLEN];
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struct {
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char x_zeroes[4];
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char x_offset[4];
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} x_n;
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} x_file;
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struct {
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char x_scnlen[4]; /* section length */
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char x_nreloc[2]; /* # relocation entries */
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char x_nlinno[2]; /* # line numbers */
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} x_scn;
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struct {
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char x_tvfill[4]; /* tv fill value */
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char x_tvlen[2]; /* length of .tv */
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char x_tvran[2][2]; /* tv range */
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} x_tv; /* info about .tv section (in auxent of symbol .tv)) */
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struct {
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unsigned char x_scnlen[4];
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unsigned char x_parmhash[4];
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unsigned char x_snhash[2];
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unsigned char x_smtyp[1];
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unsigned char x_smclas[1];
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unsigned char x_stab[4];
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unsigned char x_snstab[2];
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} x_csect;
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};
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#define SYMENT struct external_syment
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#define SYMESZ 18
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#define AUXENT union external_auxent
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#define AUXESZ 18
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#define DBXMASK 0x80 /* for dbx storage mask */
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#define SYMNAME_IN_DEBUG(symptr) ((symptr)->n_sclass & DBXMASK)
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/********************** RELOCATION DIRECTIVES **********************/
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struct external_reloc {
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char r_vaddr[4];
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char r_symndx[4];
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char r_size[1];
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char r_type[1];
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};
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#define RELOC struct external_reloc
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#define RELSZ 10
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#define DEFAULT_DATA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT 4
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#define DEFAULT_BSS_SECTION_ALIGNMENT 4
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#define DEFAULT_TEXT_SECTION_ALIGNMENT 4
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/* For new sections we haven't heard of before */
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#define DEFAULT_SECTION_ALIGNMENT 4
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