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The ISDN documentation is a mix of admin guide, uAPI and kAPI. Ideally, it should be split. Yet, not sure if it would worth the troble. Anyway, we have the same kind of mix on several drivers specific documentation. So, just like the others, keep the directory at the root Documentation/ tree, just adding a pointer to it at the kAPI section, as the documentation was written with the Kernel developers in mind. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
407 lines
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ReStructuredText
407 lines
15 KiB
ReStructuredText
=========================================
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Kernel CAPI Interface to Hardware Drivers
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=========================================
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1. Overview
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===========
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From the CAPI 2.0 specification:
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COMMON-ISDN-API (CAPI) is an application programming interface standard used
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to access ISDN equipment connected to basic rate interfaces (BRI) and primary
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rate interfaces (PRI).
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Kernel CAPI operates as a dispatching layer between CAPI applications and CAPI
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hardware drivers. Hardware drivers register ISDN devices (controllers, in CAPI
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lingo) with Kernel CAPI to indicate their readiness to provide their service
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to CAPI applications. CAPI applications also register with Kernel CAPI,
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requesting association with a CAPI device. Kernel CAPI then dispatches the
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application registration to an available device, forwarding it to the
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corresponding hardware driver. Kernel CAPI then forwards CAPI messages in both
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directions between the application and the hardware driver.
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Format and semantics of CAPI messages are specified in the CAPI 2.0 standard.
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This standard is freely available from https://www.capi.org.
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2. Driver and Device Registration
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=================================
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CAPI drivers optionally register themselves with Kernel CAPI by calling the
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Kernel CAPI function register_capi_driver() with a pointer to a struct
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capi_driver. This structure must be filled with the name and revision of the
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driver, and optionally a pointer to a callback function, add_card(). The
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registration can be revoked by calling the function unregister_capi_driver()
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with a pointer to the same struct capi_driver.
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CAPI drivers must register each of the ISDN devices they control with Kernel
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CAPI by calling the Kernel CAPI function attach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to a
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struct capi_ctr before they can be used. This structure must be filled with
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the names of the driver and controller, and a number of callback function
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pointers which are subsequently used by Kernel CAPI for communicating with the
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driver. The registration can be revoked by calling the function
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detach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to the same struct capi_ctr.
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Before the device can be actually used, the driver must fill in the device
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information fields 'manu', 'version', 'profile' and 'serial' in the capi_ctr
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structure of the device, and signal its readiness by calling capi_ctr_ready().
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From then on, Kernel CAPI may call the registered callback functions for the
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device.
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If the device becomes unusable for any reason (shutdown, disconnect ...), the
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driver has to call capi_ctr_down(). This will prevent further calls to the
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callback functions by Kernel CAPI.
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3. Application Registration and Communication
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=============================================
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Kernel CAPI forwards registration requests from applications (calls to CAPI
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operation CAPI_REGISTER) to an appropriate hardware driver by calling its
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register_appl() callback function. A unique Application ID (ApplID, u16) is
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allocated by Kernel CAPI and passed to register_appl() along with the
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parameter structure provided by the application. This is analogous to the
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open() operation on regular files or character devices.
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After a successful return from register_appl(), CAPI messages from the
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application may be passed to the driver for the device via calls to the
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send_message() callback function. Conversely, the driver may call Kernel
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CAPI's capi_ctr_handle_message() function to pass a received CAPI message to
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Kernel CAPI for forwarding to an application, specifying its ApplID.
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Deregistration requests (CAPI operation CAPI_RELEASE) from applications are
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forwarded as calls to the release_appl() callback function, passing the same
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ApplID as with register_appl(). After return from release_appl(), no CAPI
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messages for that application may be passed to or from the device anymore.
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4. Data Structures
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==================
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4.1 struct capi_driver
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----------------------
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This structure describes a Kernel CAPI driver itself. It is used in the
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register_capi_driver() and unregister_capi_driver() functions, and contains
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the following non-private fields, all to be set by the driver before calling
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register_capi_driver():
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``char name[32]``
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the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
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``char revision[32]``
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the revision number of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
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``int (*add_card)(struct capi_driver *driver, capicardparams *data)``
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a callback function pointer (may be NULL)
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4.2 struct capi_ctr
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-------------------
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This structure describes an ISDN device (controller) handled by a Kernel CAPI
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driver. After registration via the attach_capi_ctr() function it is passed to
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all controller specific lower layer interface and callback functions to
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identify the controller to operate on.
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It contains the following non-private fields:
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to be set by the driver before calling attach_capi_ctr():
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``struct module *owner``
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pointer to the driver module owning the device
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``void *driverdata``
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an opaque pointer to driver specific data, not touched by Kernel CAPI
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``char name[32]``
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the name of the controller, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
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``char *driver_name``
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the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
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``int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata)``
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(optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and
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configuration data to the device
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The function may return before the operation has completed.
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Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_ready().
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Return value: 0 on success, error code on error
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Called in process context.
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``void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)``
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(optional) pointer to a callback function for stopping the device,
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releasing all registered applications
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The function may return before the operation has completed.
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Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_down().
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Called in process context.
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``void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid, capi_register_params *rparam)``
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pointers to callback function for registration of
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applications with the device
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Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
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one call to any of them is active at any time.
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``void (*release_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid)``
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pointers to callback functions deregistration of
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applications with the device
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Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
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one call to any of them is active at any time.
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``u16 (*send_message)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, struct sk_buff *skb)``
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pointer to a callback function for sending a CAPI message to the
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device
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Return value: CAPI error code
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If the method returns 0 (CAPI_NOERROR) the driver has taken ownership
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of the skb and the caller may no longer access it. If it returns a
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non-zero (error) value then ownership of the skb returns to the caller
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who may reuse or free it.
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The return value should only be used to signal problems with respect
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to accepting or queueing the message. Errors occurring during the
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actual processing of the message should be signaled with an
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appropriate reply message.
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May be called in process or interrupt context.
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Calls to this function are not serialized by Kernel CAPI, ie. it must
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be prepared to be re-entered.
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``char *(*procinfo)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)``
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pointer to a callback function returning the entry for the device in
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the CAPI controller info table, /proc/capi/controller
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``const struct file_operations *proc_fops``
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pointers to callback functions for the device's proc file
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system entry, /proc/capi/controllers/<n>; pointer to the device's
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capi_ctr structure is available from struct proc_dir_entry::data
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which is available from struct inode.
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Note:
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Callback functions except send_message() are never called in interrupt
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context.
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to be filled in before calling capi_ctr_ready():
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``u8 manu[CAPI_MANUFACTURER_LEN]``
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value to return for CAPI_GET_MANUFACTURER
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``capi_version version``
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value to return for CAPI_GET_VERSION
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``capi_profile profile``
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value to return for CAPI_GET_PROFILE
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``u8 serial[CAPI_SERIAL_LEN]``
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value to return for CAPI_GET_SERIAL
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4.3 SKBs
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--------
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CAPI messages are passed between Kernel CAPI and the driver via send_message()
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and capi_ctr_handle_message(), stored in the data portion of a socket buffer
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(skb). Each skb contains a single CAPI message coded according to the CAPI 2.0
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standard.
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For the data transfer messages, DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND, the actual
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payload data immediately follows the CAPI message itself within the same skb.
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The Data and Data64 parameters are not used for processing. The Data64
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parameter may be omitted by setting the length field of the CAPI message to 22
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instead of 30.
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4.4 The _cmsg Structure
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-----------------------
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(declared in <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>)
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The _cmsg structure stores the contents of a CAPI 2.0 message in an easily
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accessible form. It contains members for all possible CAPI 2.0 parameters,
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including subparameters of the Additional Info and B Protocol structured
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parameters, with the following exceptions:
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* second Calling party number (CONNECT_IND)
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* Data64 (DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND)
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* Sending complete (subparameter of Additional Info, CONNECT_REQ and INFO_REQ)
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* Global Configuration (subparameter of B Protocol, CONNECT_REQ, CONNECT_RESP
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and SELECT_B_PROTOCOL_REQ)
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Only those parameters appearing in the message type currently being processed
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are actually used. Unused members should be set to zero.
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Members are named after the CAPI 2.0 standard names of the parameters they
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represent. See <linux/isdn/capiutil.h> for the exact spelling. Member data
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types are:
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=========== =================================================================
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u8 for CAPI parameters of type 'byte'
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u16 for CAPI parameters of type 'word'
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u32 for CAPI parameters of type 'dword'
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_cstruct for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
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The member is a pointer to a buffer containing the parameter in
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CAPI encoding (length + content). It may also be NULL, which will
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be taken to represent an empty (zero length) parameter.
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Subparameters are stored in encoded form within the content part.
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_cmstruct alternative representation for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
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(used only for the 'Additional Info' and 'B Protocol' parameters)
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The representation is a single byte containing one of the values:
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CAPI_DEFAULT: The parameter is empty/absent.
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CAPI_COMPOSE: The parameter is present.
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Subparameter values are stored individually in the corresponding
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_cmsg structure members.
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=========== =================================================================
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Functions capi_cmsg2message() and capi_message2cmsg() are provided to convert
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messages between their transport encoding described in the CAPI 2.0 standard
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and their _cmsg structure representation. Note that capi_cmsg2message() does
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not know or check the size of its destination buffer. The caller must make
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sure it is big enough to accommodate the resulting CAPI message.
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5. Lower Layer Interface Functions
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==================================
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(declared in <linux/isdn/capilli.h>)
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::
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void register_capi_driver(struct capi_driver *drvr)
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void unregister_capi_driver(struct capi_driver *drvr)
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register/unregister a driver with Kernel CAPI
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::
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int attach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
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int detach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
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register/unregister a device (controller) with Kernel CAPI
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::
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void capi_ctr_ready(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
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void capi_ctr_down(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
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signal controller ready/not ready
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::
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void capi_ctr_suspend_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
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void capi_ctr_resume_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
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signal suspend/resume
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::
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void capi_ctr_handle_message(struct capi_ctr * ctrlr, u16 applid,
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struct sk_buff *skb)
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pass a received CAPI message to Kernel CAPI
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for forwarding to the specified application
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6. Helper Functions and Macros
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==============================
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Library functions (from <linux/isdn/capilli.h>):
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::
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void capilib_new_ncci(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
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u32 ncci, u32 winsize)
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void capilib_free_ncci(struct list_head *head, u16 applid, u32 ncci)
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void capilib_release_appl(struct list_head *head, u16 applid)
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void capilib_release(struct list_head *head)
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void capilib_data_b3_conf(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
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u32 ncci, u16 msgid)
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u16 capilib_data_b3_req(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
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u32 ncci, u16 msgid)
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Macros to extract/set element values from/in a CAPI message header
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(from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
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====================== ============================= ====================
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Get Macro Set Macro Element (Type)
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====================== ============================= ====================
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CAPIMSG_LEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETLEN(m, len) Total Length (u16)
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CAPIMSG_APPID(m) CAPIMSG_SETAPPID(m, applid) ApplID (u16)
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CAPIMSG_COMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETCOMMAND(m,cmd) Command (u8)
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CAPIMSG_SUBCOMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETSUBCOMMAND(m, cmd) Subcommand (u8)
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CAPIMSG_CMD(m) - Command*256
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+ Subcommand (u16)
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CAPIMSG_MSGID(m) CAPIMSG_SETMSGID(m, msgid) Message Number (u16)
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CAPIMSG_CONTROL(m) CAPIMSG_SETCONTROL(m, contr) Controller/PLCI/NCCI
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(u32)
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CAPIMSG_DATALEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETDATALEN(m, len) Data Length (u16)
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====================== ============================= ====================
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Library functions for working with _cmsg structures
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(from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
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``unsigned capi_cmsg2message(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)``
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Assembles a CAPI 2.0 message from the parameters in ``*cmsg``,
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storing the result in ``*msg``.
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``unsigned capi_message2cmsg(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)``
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Disassembles the CAPI 2.0 message in ``*msg``, storing the parameters
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in ``*cmsg``.
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``unsigned capi_cmsg_header(_cmsg *cmsg, u16 ApplId, u8 Command, u8 Subcommand, u16 Messagenumber, u32 Controller)``
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Fills the header part and address field of the _cmsg structure ``*cmsg``
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with the given values, zeroing the remainder of the structure so only
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parameters with non-default values need to be changed before sending
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the message.
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``void capi_cmsg_answer(_cmsg *cmsg)``
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Sets the low bit of the Subcommand field in ``*cmsg``, thereby
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converting ``_REQ`` to ``_CONF`` and ``_IND`` to ``_RESP``.
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``char *capi_cmd2str(u8 Command, u8 Subcommand)``
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Returns the CAPI 2.0 message name corresponding to the given command
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and subcommand values, as a static ASCII string. The return value may
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be NULL if the command/subcommand is not one of those defined in the
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CAPI 2.0 standard.
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7. Debugging
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============
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The module kernelcapi has a module parameter showcapimsgs controlling some
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debugging output produced by the module. It can only be set when the module is
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loaded, via a parameter "showcapimsgs=<n>" to the modprobe command, either on
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the command line or in the configuration file.
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If the lowest bit of showcapimsgs is set, kernelcapi logs controller and
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application up and down events.
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In addition, every registered CAPI controller has an associated traceflag
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parameter controlling how CAPI messages sent from and to tha controller are
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logged. The traceflag parameter is initialized with the value of the
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showcapimsgs parameter when the controller is registered, but can later be
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changed via the MANUFACTURER_REQ command KCAPI_CMD_TRACE.
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If the value of traceflag is non-zero, CAPI messages are logged.
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DATA_B3 messages are only logged if the value of traceflag is > 2.
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If the lowest bit of traceflag is set, only the command/subcommand and message
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length are logged. Otherwise, kernelcapi logs a readable representation of
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the entire message.
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