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![Greg Kroah-Hartman](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
624 lines
13 KiB
C
624 lines
13 KiB
C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/stat.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <time.h>
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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#include <ctype.h>
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#include <limits.h>
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/*
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* Original work by Jeff Garzik
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*
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* External file lists, symlink, pipe and fifo support by Thayne Harbaugh
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* Hard link support by Luciano Rocha
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*/
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#define xstr(s) #s
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#define str(s) xstr(s)
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static unsigned int offset;
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static unsigned int ino = 721;
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static time_t default_mtime;
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struct file_handler {
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const char *type;
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int (*handler)(const char *line);
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};
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static void push_string(const char *name)
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{
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unsigned int name_len = strlen(name) + 1;
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fputs(name, stdout);
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putchar(0);
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offset += name_len;
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}
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static void push_pad (void)
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{
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while (offset & 3) {
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putchar(0);
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offset++;
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}
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}
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static void push_rest(const char *name)
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{
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unsigned int name_len = strlen(name) + 1;
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unsigned int tmp_ofs;
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fputs(name, stdout);
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putchar(0);
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offset += name_len;
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tmp_ofs = name_len + 110;
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while (tmp_ofs & 3) {
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putchar(0);
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offset++;
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tmp_ofs++;
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}
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}
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static void push_hdr(const char *s)
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{
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fputs(s, stdout);
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offset += 110;
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}
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static void cpio_trailer(void)
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{
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char s[256];
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const char name[] = "TRAILER!!!";
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sprintf(s, "%s%08X%08X%08lX%08lX%08X%08lX"
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"%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X",
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"070701", /* magic */
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0, /* ino */
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0, /* mode */
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(long) 0, /* uid */
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(long) 0, /* gid */
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1, /* nlink */
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(long) 0, /* mtime */
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0, /* filesize */
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0, /* major */
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0, /* minor */
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0, /* rmajor */
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0, /* rminor */
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(unsigned)strlen(name)+1, /* namesize */
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0); /* chksum */
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push_hdr(s);
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push_rest(name);
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while (offset % 512) {
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putchar(0);
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offset++;
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}
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}
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static int cpio_mkslink(const char *name, const char *target,
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unsigned int mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
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{
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char s[256];
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if (name[0] == '/')
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name++;
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sprintf(s,"%s%08X%08X%08lX%08lX%08X%08lX"
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"%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X",
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"070701", /* magic */
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ino++, /* ino */
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S_IFLNK | mode, /* mode */
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(long) uid, /* uid */
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(long) gid, /* gid */
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1, /* nlink */
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(long) default_mtime, /* mtime */
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(unsigned)strlen(target)+1, /* filesize */
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3, /* major */
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1, /* minor */
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0, /* rmajor */
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0, /* rminor */
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(unsigned)strlen(name) + 1,/* namesize */
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0); /* chksum */
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push_hdr(s);
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push_string(name);
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push_pad();
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push_string(target);
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push_pad();
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return 0;
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}
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static int cpio_mkslink_line(const char *line)
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{
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char name[PATH_MAX + 1];
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char target[PATH_MAX + 1];
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unsigned int mode;
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int uid;
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int gid;
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int rc = -1;
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if (5 != sscanf(line, "%" str(PATH_MAX) "s %" str(PATH_MAX) "s %o %d %d", name, target, &mode, &uid, &gid)) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized dir format '%s'", line);
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goto fail;
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}
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rc = cpio_mkslink(name, target, mode, uid, gid);
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fail:
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return rc;
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}
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static int cpio_mkgeneric(const char *name, unsigned int mode,
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uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
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{
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char s[256];
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if (name[0] == '/')
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name++;
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sprintf(s,"%s%08X%08X%08lX%08lX%08X%08lX"
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"%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X",
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"070701", /* magic */
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ino++, /* ino */
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mode, /* mode */
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(long) uid, /* uid */
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(long) gid, /* gid */
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2, /* nlink */
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(long) default_mtime, /* mtime */
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0, /* filesize */
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3, /* major */
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1, /* minor */
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0, /* rmajor */
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0, /* rminor */
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(unsigned)strlen(name) + 1,/* namesize */
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0); /* chksum */
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push_hdr(s);
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push_rest(name);
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return 0;
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}
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enum generic_types {
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GT_DIR,
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GT_PIPE,
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GT_SOCK
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};
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struct generic_type {
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const char *type;
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mode_t mode;
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};
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static struct generic_type generic_type_table[] = {
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[GT_DIR] = {
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.type = "dir",
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.mode = S_IFDIR
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},
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[GT_PIPE] = {
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.type = "pipe",
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.mode = S_IFIFO
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},
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[GT_SOCK] = {
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.type = "sock",
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.mode = S_IFSOCK
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}
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};
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static int cpio_mkgeneric_line(const char *line, enum generic_types gt)
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{
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char name[PATH_MAX + 1];
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unsigned int mode;
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int uid;
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int gid;
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int rc = -1;
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if (4 != sscanf(line, "%" str(PATH_MAX) "s %o %d %d", name, &mode, &uid, &gid)) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized %s format '%s'",
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line, generic_type_table[gt].type);
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goto fail;
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}
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mode |= generic_type_table[gt].mode;
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rc = cpio_mkgeneric(name, mode, uid, gid);
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fail:
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return rc;
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}
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static int cpio_mkdir_line(const char *line)
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{
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return cpio_mkgeneric_line(line, GT_DIR);
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}
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static int cpio_mkpipe_line(const char *line)
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{
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return cpio_mkgeneric_line(line, GT_PIPE);
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}
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static int cpio_mksock_line(const char *line)
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{
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return cpio_mkgeneric_line(line, GT_SOCK);
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}
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static int cpio_mknod(const char *name, unsigned int mode,
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uid_t uid, gid_t gid, char dev_type,
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unsigned int maj, unsigned int min)
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{
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char s[256];
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if (dev_type == 'b')
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mode |= S_IFBLK;
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else
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mode |= S_IFCHR;
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if (name[0] == '/')
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name++;
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sprintf(s,"%s%08X%08X%08lX%08lX%08X%08lX"
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"%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X",
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"070701", /* magic */
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ino++, /* ino */
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mode, /* mode */
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(long) uid, /* uid */
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(long) gid, /* gid */
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1, /* nlink */
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(long) default_mtime, /* mtime */
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0, /* filesize */
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3, /* major */
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1, /* minor */
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maj, /* rmajor */
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min, /* rminor */
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(unsigned)strlen(name) + 1,/* namesize */
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0); /* chksum */
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push_hdr(s);
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push_rest(name);
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return 0;
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}
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static int cpio_mknod_line(const char *line)
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{
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char name[PATH_MAX + 1];
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unsigned int mode;
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int uid;
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int gid;
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char dev_type;
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unsigned int maj;
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unsigned int min;
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int rc = -1;
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if (7 != sscanf(line, "%" str(PATH_MAX) "s %o %d %d %c %u %u",
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name, &mode, &uid, &gid, &dev_type, &maj, &min)) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized nod format '%s'", line);
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goto fail;
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}
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rc = cpio_mknod(name, mode, uid, gid, dev_type, maj, min);
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fail:
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return rc;
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}
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static int cpio_mkfile(const char *name, const char *location,
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unsigned int mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
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unsigned int nlinks)
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{
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char s[256];
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char *filebuf = NULL;
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struct stat buf;
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long size;
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int file = -1;
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int retval;
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int rc = -1;
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int namesize;
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unsigned int i;
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mode |= S_IFREG;
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file = open (location, O_RDONLY);
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if (file < 0) {
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fprintf (stderr, "File %s could not be opened for reading\n", location);
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goto error;
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}
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retval = fstat(file, &buf);
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if (retval) {
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fprintf(stderr, "File %s could not be stat()'ed\n", location);
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goto error;
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}
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filebuf = malloc(buf.st_size);
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if (!filebuf) {
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fprintf (stderr, "out of memory\n");
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goto error;
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}
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retval = read (file, filebuf, buf.st_size);
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if (retval < 0) {
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fprintf (stderr, "Can not read %s file\n", location);
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goto error;
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}
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size = 0;
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for (i = 1; i <= nlinks; i++) {
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/* data goes on last link */
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if (i == nlinks) size = buf.st_size;
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if (name[0] == '/')
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name++;
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namesize = strlen(name) + 1;
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sprintf(s,"%s%08X%08X%08lX%08lX%08X%08lX"
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"%08lX%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X",
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"070701", /* magic */
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ino, /* ino */
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mode, /* mode */
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(long) uid, /* uid */
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(long) gid, /* gid */
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nlinks, /* nlink */
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(long) buf.st_mtime, /* mtime */
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size, /* filesize */
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3, /* major */
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1, /* minor */
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0, /* rmajor */
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0, /* rminor */
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namesize, /* namesize */
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0); /* chksum */
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push_hdr(s);
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push_string(name);
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push_pad();
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if (size) {
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if (fwrite(filebuf, size, 1, stdout) != 1) {
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fprintf(stderr, "writing filebuf failed\n");
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goto error;
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}
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offset += size;
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push_pad();
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}
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name += namesize;
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}
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ino++;
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rc = 0;
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error:
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if (filebuf) free(filebuf);
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if (file >= 0) close(file);
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return rc;
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}
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static char *cpio_replace_env(char *new_location)
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{
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char expanded[PATH_MAX + 1];
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char *start, *end, *var;
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while ((start = strstr(new_location, "${")) &&
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(end = strchr(start + 2, '}'))) {
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*start = *end = 0;
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var = getenv(start + 2);
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snprintf(expanded, sizeof expanded, "%s%s%s",
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new_location, var ? var : "", end + 1);
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strcpy(new_location, expanded);
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}
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return new_location;
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}
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static int cpio_mkfile_line(const char *line)
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{
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char name[PATH_MAX + 1];
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char *dname = NULL; /* malloc'ed buffer for hard links */
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char location[PATH_MAX + 1];
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unsigned int mode;
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int uid;
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int gid;
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int nlinks = 1;
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int end = 0, dname_len = 0;
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int rc = -1;
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if (5 > sscanf(line, "%" str(PATH_MAX) "s %" str(PATH_MAX)
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"s %o %d %d %n",
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name, location, &mode, &uid, &gid, &end)) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized file format '%s'", line);
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goto fail;
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}
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if (end && isgraph(line[end])) {
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int len;
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int nend;
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dname = malloc(strlen(line));
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if (!dname) {
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fprintf (stderr, "out of memory (%d)\n", dname_len);
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goto fail;
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}
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dname_len = strlen(name) + 1;
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memcpy(dname, name, dname_len);
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do {
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nend = 0;
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if (sscanf(line + end, "%" str(PATH_MAX) "s %n",
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name, &nend) < 1)
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break;
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len = strlen(name) + 1;
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memcpy(dname + dname_len, name, len);
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dname_len += len;
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nlinks++;
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end += nend;
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} while (isgraph(line[end]));
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} else {
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dname = name;
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}
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rc = cpio_mkfile(dname, cpio_replace_env(location),
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mode, uid, gid, nlinks);
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fail:
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if (dname_len) free(dname);
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return rc;
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|
}
|
|
|
|
static void usage(const char *prog)
|
|
{
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n"
|
|
"\t%s [-t <timestamp>] <cpio_list>\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"<cpio_list> is a file containing newline separated entries that\n"
|
|
"describe the files to be included in the initramfs archive:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"# a comment\n"
|
|
"file <name> <location> <mode> <uid> <gid> [<hard links>]\n"
|
|
"dir <name> <mode> <uid> <gid>\n"
|
|
"nod <name> <mode> <uid> <gid> <dev_type> <maj> <min>\n"
|
|
"slink <name> <target> <mode> <uid> <gid>\n"
|
|
"pipe <name> <mode> <uid> <gid>\n"
|
|
"sock <name> <mode> <uid> <gid>\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"<name> name of the file/dir/nod/etc in the archive\n"
|
|
"<location> location of the file in the current filesystem\n"
|
|
" expands shell variables quoted with ${}\n"
|
|
"<target> link target\n"
|
|
"<mode> mode/permissions of the file\n"
|
|
"<uid> user id (0=root)\n"
|
|
"<gid> group id (0=root)\n"
|
|
"<dev_type> device type (b=block, c=character)\n"
|
|
"<maj> major number of nod\n"
|
|
"<min> minor number of nod\n"
|
|
"<hard links> space separated list of other links to file\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"example:\n"
|
|
"# A simple initramfs\n"
|
|
"dir /dev 0755 0 0\n"
|
|
"nod /dev/console 0600 0 0 c 5 1\n"
|
|
"dir /root 0700 0 0\n"
|
|
"dir /sbin 0755 0 0\n"
|
|
"file /sbin/kinit /usr/src/klibc/kinit/kinit 0755 0 0\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"<timestamp> is time in seconds since Epoch that will be used\n"
|
|
"as mtime for symlinks, special files and directories. The default\n"
|
|
"is to use the current time for these entries.\n",
|
|
prog);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
struct file_handler file_handler_table[] = {
|
|
{
|
|
.type = "file",
|
|
.handler = cpio_mkfile_line,
|
|
}, {
|
|
.type = "nod",
|
|
.handler = cpio_mknod_line,
|
|
}, {
|
|
.type = "dir",
|
|
.handler = cpio_mkdir_line,
|
|
}, {
|
|
.type = "slink",
|
|
.handler = cpio_mkslink_line,
|
|
}, {
|
|
.type = "pipe",
|
|
.handler = cpio_mkpipe_line,
|
|
}, {
|
|
.type = "sock",
|
|
.handler = cpio_mksock_line,
|
|
}, {
|
|
.type = NULL,
|
|
.handler = NULL,
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
#define LINE_SIZE (2 * PATH_MAX + 50)
|
|
|
|
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
|
|
{
|
|
FILE *cpio_list;
|
|
char line[LINE_SIZE];
|
|
char *args, *type;
|
|
int ec = 0;
|
|
int line_nr = 0;
|
|
const char *filename;
|
|
|
|
default_mtime = time(NULL);
|
|
while (1) {
|
|
int opt = getopt(argc, argv, "t:h");
|
|
char *invalid;
|
|
|
|
if (opt == -1)
|
|
break;
|
|
switch (opt) {
|
|
case 't':
|
|
default_mtime = strtol(optarg, &invalid, 10);
|
|
if (!*optarg || *invalid) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid timestamp: %s\n",
|
|
optarg);
|
|
usage(argv[0]);
|
|
exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
case 'h':
|
|
case '?':
|
|
usage(argv[0]);
|
|
exit(opt == 'h' ? 0 : 1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (argc - optind != 1) {
|
|
usage(argv[0]);
|
|
exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
filename = argv[optind];
|
|
if (!strcmp(filename, "-"))
|
|
cpio_list = stdin;
|
|
else if (!(cpio_list = fopen(filename, "r"))) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to open '%s': %s\n\n",
|
|
filename, strerror(errno));
|
|
usage(argv[0]);
|
|
exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
while (fgets(line, LINE_SIZE, cpio_list)) {
|
|
int type_idx;
|
|
size_t slen = strlen(line);
|
|
|
|
line_nr++;
|
|
|
|
if ('#' == *line) {
|
|
/* comment - skip to next line */
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (! (type = strtok(line, " \t"))) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr,
|
|
"ERROR: incorrect format, could not locate file type line %d: '%s'\n",
|
|
line_nr, line);
|
|
ec = -1;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ('\n' == *type) {
|
|
/* a blank line */
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (slen == strlen(type)) {
|
|
/* must be an empty line */
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (! (args = strtok(NULL, "\n"))) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr,
|
|
"ERROR: incorrect format, newline required line %d: '%s'\n",
|
|
line_nr, line);
|
|
ec = -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for (type_idx = 0; file_handler_table[type_idx].type; type_idx++) {
|
|
int rc;
|
|
if (! strcmp(line, file_handler_table[type_idx].type)) {
|
|
if ((rc = file_handler_table[type_idx].handler(args))) {
|
|
ec = rc;
|
|
fprintf(stderr, " line %d\n", line_nr);
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (NULL == file_handler_table[type_idx].type) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "unknown file type line %d: '%s'\n",
|
|
line_nr, line);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if (ec == 0)
|
|
cpio_trailer();
|
|
|
|
exit(ec);
|
|
}
|