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![David Howells](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
that's the bulk of filesystem drivers dealing with inodes of their own Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
675 lines
18 KiB
C
675 lines
18 KiB
C
/*
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* linux/fs/ext2/ialloc.c
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*
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* Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
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* Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
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* Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
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* Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
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*
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* BSD ufs-inspired inode and directory allocation by
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* Stephen Tweedie (sct@dcs.ed.ac.uk), 1993
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* Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
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* David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
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*/
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#include <linux/quotaops.h>
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#include <linux/sched.h>
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#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
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#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
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#include <linux/random.h>
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#include "ext2.h"
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#include "xattr.h"
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#include "acl.h"
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/*
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* ialloc.c contains the inodes allocation and deallocation routines
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*/
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/*
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* The free inodes are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
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* blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
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* block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
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*
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* The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
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* super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
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* the free blocks count in the block.
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*/
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/*
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* Read the inode allocation bitmap for a given block_group, reading
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* into the specified slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
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*
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* Return buffer_head of bitmap on success or NULL.
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*/
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static struct buffer_head *
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read_inode_bitmap(struct super_block * sb, unsigned long block_group)
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{
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struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
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struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
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if (!desc)
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goto error_out;
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bh = sb_bread(sb, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
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if (!bh)
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ext2_error(sb, "read_inode_bitmap",
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"Cannot read inode bitmap - "
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"block_group = %lu, inode_bitmap = %u",
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block_group, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
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error_out:
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return bh;
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}
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static void ext2_release_inode(struct super_block *sb, int group, int dir)
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{
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struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
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struct buffer_head *bh;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh);
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if (!desc) {
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ext2_error(sb, "ext2_release_inode",
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"can't get descriptor for group %d", group);
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return;
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}
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spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), group));
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le16_add_cpu(&desc->bg_free_inodes_count, 1);
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if (dir)
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le16_add_cpu(&desc->bg_used_dirs_count, -1);
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spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), group));
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if (dir)
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percpu_counter_dec(&EXT2_SB(sb)->s_dirs_counter);
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mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
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}
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/*
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* NOTE! When we get the inode, we're the only people
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* that have access to it, and as such there are no
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* race conditions we have to worry about. The inode
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* is not on the hash-lists, and it cannot be reached
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* through the filesystem because the directory entry
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* has been deleted earlier.
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*
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* HOWEVER: we must make sure that we get no aliases,
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* which means that we have to call "clear_inode()"
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* _before_ we mark the inode not in use in the inode
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* bitmaps. Otherwise a newly created file might use
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* the same inode number (not actually the same pointer
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* though), and then we'd have two inodes sharing the
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* same inode number and space on the harddisk.
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*/
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void ext2_free_inode (struct inode * inode)
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{
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struct super_block * sb = inode->i_sb;
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int is_directory;
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unsigned long ino;
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struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
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unsigned long block_group;
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unsigned long bit;
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struct ext2_super_block * es;
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ino = inode->i_ino;
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ext2_debug ("freeing inode %lu\n", ino);
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/*
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* Note: we must free any quota before locking the superblock,
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* as writing the quota to disk may need the lock as well.
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*/
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/* Quota is already initialized in iput() */
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dquot_free_inode(inode);
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dquot_drop(inode);
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es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
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is_directory = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
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if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) ||
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ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
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ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_inode",
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"reserved or nonexistent inode %lu", ino);
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return;
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}
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block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
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bit = (ino - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
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bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
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if (!bitmap_bh)
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return;
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/* Ok, now we can actually update the inode bitmaps.. */
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if (!ext2_clear_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), block_group),
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bit, (void *) bitmap_bh->b_data))
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ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_inode",
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"bit already cleared for inode %lu", ino);
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else
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ext2_release_inode(sb, block_group, is_directory);
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mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
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if (sb->s_flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
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sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
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brelse(bitmap_bh);
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}
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/*
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* We perform asynchronous prereading of the new inode's inode block when
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* we create the inode, in the expectation that the inode will be written
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* back soon. There are two reasons:
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*
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* - When creating a large number of files, the async prereads will be
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* nicely merged into large reads
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* - When writing out a large number of inodes, we don't need to keep on
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* stalling the writes while we read the inode block.
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*
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* FIXME: ext2_get_group_desc() needs to be simplified.
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*/
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static void ext2_preread_inode(struct inode *inode)
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{
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unsigned long block_group;
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unsigned long offset;
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unsigned long block;
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struct ext2_group_desc * gdp;
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struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
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bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
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if (bdi_read_congested(bdi))
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return;
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if (bdi_write_congested(bdi))
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return;
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block_group = (inode->i_ino - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb);
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gdp = ext2_get_group_desc(inode->i_sb, block_group, NULL);
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if (gdp == NULL)
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return;
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/*
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* Figure out the offset within the block group inode table
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*/
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offset = ((inode->i_ino - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb)) *
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EXT2_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb);
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block = le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_table) +
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(offset >> EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode->i_sb));
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sb_breadahead(inode->i_sb, block);
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}
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/*
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* There are two policies for allocating an inode. If the new inode is
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* a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
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* free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
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* the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
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* directories already is chosen.
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*
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* For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory\'s block
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* group to find a free inode.
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*/
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static int find_group_dir(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
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{
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int ngroups = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
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int avefreei = ext2_count_free_inodes(sb) / ngroups;
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struct ext2_group_desc *desc, *best_desc = NULL;
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int group, best_group = -1;
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for (group = 0; group < ngroups; group++) {
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
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continue;
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if (!best_desc ||
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(le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) >
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le16_to_cpu(best_desc->bg_free_blocks_count))) {
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best_group = group;
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best_desc = desc;
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}
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}
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if (!best_desc)
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return -1;
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return best_group;
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}
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/*
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* Orlov's allocator for directories.
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*
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* We always try to spread first-level directories.
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*
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* If there are blockgroups with both free inodes and free blocks counts
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* not worse than average we return one with smallest directory count.
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* Otherwise we simply return a random group.
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*
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* For the rest rules look so:
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*
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* It's OK to put directory into a group unless
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* it has too many directories already (max_dirs) or
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* it has too few free inodes left (min_inodes) or
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* it has too few free blocks left (min_blocks) or
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* it's already running too large debt (max_debt).
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* Parent's group is preferred, if it doesn't satisfy these
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* conditions we search cyclically through the rest. If none
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* of the groups look good we just look for a group with more
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* free inodes than average (starting at parent's group).
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*
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* Debt is incremented each time we allocate a directory and decremented
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* when we allocate an inode, within 0--255.
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*/
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#define INODE_COST 64
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#define BLOCK_COST 256
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static int find_group_orlov(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
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{
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int parent_group = EXT2_I(parent)->i_block_group;
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struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
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struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
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int ngroups = sbi->s_groups_count;
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int inodes_per_group = EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
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int freei;
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int avefreei;
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int free_blocks;
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int avefreeb;
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int blocks_per_dir;
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int ndirs;
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int max_debt, max_dirs, min_blocks, min_inodes;
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int group = -1, i;
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struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
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freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
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avefreei = freei / ngroups;
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free_blocks = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
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avefreeb = free_blocks / ngroups;
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ndirs = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
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if ((parent == d_inode(sb->s_root)) ||
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(EXT2_I(parent)->i_flags & EXT2_TOPDIR_FL)) {
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struct ext2_group_desc *best_desc = NULL;
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int best_ndir = inodes_per_group;
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int best_group = -1;
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group = prandom_u32();
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parent_group = (unsigned)group % ngroups;
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for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
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group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= best_ndir)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < avefreeb)
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continue;
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best_group = group;
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best_ndir = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count);
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best_desc = desc;
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}
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if (best_group >= 0) {
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desc = best_desc;
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group = best_group;
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goto found;
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}
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goto fallback;
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}
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if (ndirs == 0)
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ndirs = 1; /* percpu_counters are approximate... */
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blocks_per_dir = (le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count)-free_blocks) / ndirs;
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max_dirs = ndirs / ngroups + inodes_per_group / 16;
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min_inodes = avefreei - inodes_per_group / 4;
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min_blocks = avefreeb - EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / 4;
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max_debt = EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / max(blocks_per_dir, BLOCK_COST);
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if (max_debt * INODE_COST > inodes_per_group)
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max_debt = inodes_per_group / INODE_COST;
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if (max_debt > 255)
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max_debt = 255;
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if (max_debt == 0)
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max_debt = 1;
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for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
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group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
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continue;
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if (sbi->s_debts[group] >= max_debt)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= max_dirs)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < min_inodes)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < min_blocks)
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continue;
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goto found;
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}
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fallback:
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for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
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group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
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continue;
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if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) >= avefreei)
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goto found;
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}
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if (avefreei) {
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/*
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* The free-inodes counter is approximate, and for really small
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* filesystems the above test can fail to find any blockgroups
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*/
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avefreei = 0;
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goto fallback;
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}
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return -1;
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found:
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return group;
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}
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static int find_group_other(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
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{
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int parent_group = EXT2_I(parent)->i_block_group;
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int ngroups = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
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struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
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int group, i;
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/*
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* Try to place the inode in its parent directory
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*/
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group = parent_group;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
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le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
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goto found;
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/*
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* We're going to place this inode in a different blockgroup from its
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* parent. We want to cause files in a common directory to all land in
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* the same blockgroup. But we want files which are in a different
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* directory which shares a blockgroup with our parent to land in a
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* different blockgroup.
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*
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* So add our directory's i_ino into the starting point for the hash.
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*/
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group = (group + parent->i_ino) % ngroups;
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/*
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* Use a quadratic hash to find a group with a free inode and some
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* free blocks.
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*/
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for (i = 1; i < ngroups; i <<= 1) {
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group += i;
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if (group >= ngroups)
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group -= ngroups;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
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le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
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goto found;
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}
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/*
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* That failed: try linear search for a free inode, even if that group
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* has no free blocks.
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*/
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group = parent_group;
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for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
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if (++group >= ngroups)
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group = 0;
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desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
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if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count))
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goto found;
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}
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return -1;
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found:
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return group;
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}
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struct inode *ext2_new_inode(struct inode *dir, umode_t mode,
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const struct qstr *qstr)
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{
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struct super_block *sb;
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struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
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struct buffer_head *bh2;
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int group, i;
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ino_t ino = 0;
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struct inode * inode;
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struct ext2_group_desc *gdp;
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struct ext2_super_block *es;
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struct ext2_inode_info *ei;
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struct ext2_sb_info *sbi;
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int err;
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sb = dir->i_sb;
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inode = new_inode(sb);
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if (!inode)
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return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
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ei = EXT2_I(inode);
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sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
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es = sbi->s_es;
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if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
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if (test_opt(sb, OLDALLOC))
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group = find_group_dir(sb, dir);
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else
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group = find_group_orlov(sb, dir);
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} else
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group = find_group_other(sb, dir);
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if (group == -1) {
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err = -ENOSPC;
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goto fail;
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}
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for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++) {
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gdp = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh2);
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brelse(bitmap_bh);
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bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, group);
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if (!bitmap_bh) {
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err = -EIO;
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goto fail;
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}
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ino = 0;
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repeat_in_this_group:
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ino = ext2_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)bitmap_bh->b_data,
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EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
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if (ino >= EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
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/*
|
|
* Rare race: find_group_xx() decided that there were
|
|
* free inodes in this group, but by the time we tried
|
|
* to allocate one, they're all gone. This can also
|
|
* occur because the counters which find_group_orlov()
|
|
* uses are approximate. So just go and search the
|
|
* next block group.
|
|
*/
|
|
if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
|
|
group = 0;
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
if (ext2_set_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group),
|
|
ino, bitmap_bh->b_data)) {
|
|
/* we lost this inode */
|
|
if (++ino >= EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
|
|
/* this group is exhausted, try next group */
|
|
if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
|
|
group = 0;
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
/* try to find free inode in the same group */
|
|
goto repeat_in_this_group;
|
|
}
|
|
goto got;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Scanned all blockgroups.
|
|
*/
|
|
err = -ENOSPC;
|
|
goto fail;
|
|
got:
|
|
mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
|
|
if (sb->s_flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
|
|
sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
|
|
brelse(bitmap_bh);
|
|
|
|
ino += group * EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) + 1;
|
|
if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
|
|
ext2_error (sb, "ext2_new_inode",
|
|
"reserved inode or inode > inodes count - "
|
|
"block_group = %d,inode=%lu", group,
|
|
(unsigned long) ino);
|
|
err = -EIO;
|
|
goto fail;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
percpu_counter_add(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter, -1);
|
|
if (S_ISDIR(mode))
|
|
percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
|
|
|
|
spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
|
|
le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_free_inodes_count, -1);
|
|
if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
|
|
if (sbi->s_debts[group] < 255)
|
|
sbi->s_debts[group]++;
|
|
le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_used_dirs_count, 1);
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (sbi->s_debts[group])
|
|
sbi->s_debts[group]--;
|
|
}
|
|
spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
|
|
|
|
mark_buffer_dirty(bh2);
|
|
if (test_opt(sb, GRPID)) {
|
|
inode->i_mode = mode;
|
|
inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
|
|
inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
|
|
} else
|
|
inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
|
|
|
|
inode->i_ino = ino;
|
|
inode->i_blocks = 0;
|
|
inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
|
|
memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
|
|
ei->i_flags =
|
|
ext2_mask_flags(mode, EXT2_I(dir)->i_flags & EXT2_FL_INHERITED);
|
|
ei->i_faddr = 0;
|
|
ei->i_frag_no = 0;
|
|
ei->i_frag_size = 0;
|
|
ei->i_file_acl = 0;
|
|
ei->i_dir_acl = 0;
|
|
ei->i_dtime = 0;
|
|
ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
|
|
ei->i_block_group = group;
|
|
ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
|
|
ei->i_state = EXT2_STATE_NEW;
|
|
ext2_set_inode_flags(inode);
|
|
spin_lock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
|
|
inode->i_generation = sbi->s_next_generation++;
|
|
spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
|
|
if (insert_inode_locked(inode) < 0) {
|
|
ext2_error(sb, "ext2_new_inode",
|
|
"inode number already in use - inode=%lu",
|
|
(unsigned long) ino);
|
|
err = -EIO;
|
|
goto fail;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
dquot_initialize(inode);
|
|
err = dquot_alloc_inode(inode);
|
|
if (err)
|
|
goto fail_drop;
|
|
|
|
err = ext2_init_acl(inode, dir);
|
|
if (err)
|
|
goto fail_free_drop;
|
|
|
|
err = ext2_init_security(inode, dir, qstr);
|
|
if (err)
|
|
goto fail_free_drop;
|
|
|
|
mark_inode_dirty(inode);
|
|
ext2_debug("allocating inode %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
|
|
ext2_preread_inode(inode);
|
|
return inode;
|
|
|
|
fail_free_drop:
|
|
dquot_free_inode(inode);
|
|
|
|
fail_drop:
|
|
dquot_drop(inode);
|
|
inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
|
|
clear_nlink(inode);
|
|
unlock_new_inode(inode);
|
|
iput(inode);
|
|
return ERR_PTR(err);
|
|
|
|
fail:
|
|
make_bad_inode(inode);
|
|
iput(inode);
|
|
return ERR_PTR(err);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
unsigned long ext2_count_free_inodes (struct super_block * sb)
|
|
{
|
|
struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
|
|
unsigned long desc_count = 0;
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
#ifdef EXT2FS_DEBUG
|
|
struct ext2_super_block *es;
|
|
unsigned long bitmap_count = 0;
|
|
struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
|
|
|
|
es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
|
|
for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
|
|
unsigned x;
|
|
|
|
desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
|
|
if (!desc)
|
|
continue;
|
|
desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count);
|
|
brelse(bitmap_bh);
|
|
bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, i);
|
|
if (!bitmap_bh)
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
x = ext2_count_free(bitmap_bh, EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
|
|
printk("group %d: stored = %d, counted = %u\n",
|
|
i, le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count), x);
|
|
bitmap_count += x;
|
|
}
|
|
brelse(bitmap_bh);
|
|
printk("ext2_count_free_inodes: stored = %lu, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
|
|
(unsigned long)
|
|
percpu_counter_read(&EXT2_SB(sb)->s_freeinodes_counter),
|
|
desc_count, bitmap_count);
|
|
return desc_count;
|
|
#else
|
|
for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
|
|
desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
|
|
if (!desc)
|
|
continue;
|
|
desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count);
|
|
}
|
|
return desc_count;
|
|
#endif
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Called at mount-time, super-block is locked */
|
|
unsigned long ext2_count_dirs (struct super_block * sb)
|
|
{
|
|
unsigned long count = 0;
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
|
|
struct ext2_group_desc *gdp = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
|
|
if (!gdp)
|
|
continue;
|
|
count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count);
|
|
}
|
|
return count;
|
|
}
|
|
|