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![Linus Torvalds](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
In __writeback_single_inode(), when we find a locked inode and we're not doing a data-integrity sync, we used to just skip writing entirely, since we didn't want to wait for the inode to unlock. However, there's really no reason to skip writing the data pages, which are likely to be the the bulk of the dirty state anyway (and the main reason why writeback was started for the non-data-integrity case, of course!) Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>, Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
704 lines
20 KiB
C
704 lines
20 KiB
C
/*
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* fs/fs-writeback.c
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*
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* Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
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*
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* Contains all the functions related to writing back and waiting
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* upon dirty inodes against superblocks, and writing back dirty
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* pages against inodes. ie: data writeback. Writeout of the
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* inode itself is not handled here.
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*
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* 10Apr2002 akpm@zip.com.au
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* Split out of fs/inode.c
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* Additions for address_space-based writeback
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*/
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#include <linux/kernel.h>
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#include <linux/spinlock.h>
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#include <linux/sched.h>
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#include <linux/fs.h>
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#include <linux/mm.h>
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#include <linux/writeback.h>
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#include <linux/blkdev.h>
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#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
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#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
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#include "internal.h"
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/**
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* __mark_inode_dirty - internal function
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* @inode: inode to mark
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* @flags: what kind of dirty (i.e. I_DIRTY_SYNC)
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* Mark an inode as dirty. Callers should use mark_inode_dirty or
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* mark_inode_dirty_sync.
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*
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* Put the inode on the super block's dirty list.
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*
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* CAREFUL! We mark it dirty unconditionally, but move it onto the
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* dirty list only if it is hashed or if it refers to a blockdev.
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* If it was not hashed, it will never be added to the dirty list
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* even if it is later hashed, as it will have been marked dirty already.
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*
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* In short, make sure you hash any inodes _before_ you start marking
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* them dirty.
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*
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* This function *must* be atomic for the I_DIRTY_PAGES case -
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* set_page_dirty() is called under spinlock in several places.
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*
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* Note that for blockdevs, inode->dirtied_when represents the dirtying time of
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* the block-special inode (/dev/hda1) itself. And the ->dirtied_when field of
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* the kernel-internal blockdev inode represents the dirtying time of the
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* blockdev's pages. This is why for I_DIRTY_PAGES we always use
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* page->mapping->host, so the page-dirtying time is recorded in the internal
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* blockdev inode.
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*/
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void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
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{
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struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
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/*
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* Don't do this for I_DIRTY_PAGES - that doesn't actually
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* dirty the inode itself
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*/
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if (flags & (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) {
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if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode)
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sb->s_op->dirty_inode(inode);
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}
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/*
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* make sure that changes are seen by all cpus before we test i_state
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* -- mikulas
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*/
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smp_mb();
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/* avoid the locking if we can */
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if ((inode->i_state & flags) == flags)
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return;
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if (unlikely(block_dump)) {
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struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
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const char *name = "?";
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if (!list_empty(&inode->i_dentry)) {
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dentry = list_entry(inode->i_dentry.next,
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struct dentry, d_alias);
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if (dentry && dentry->d_name.name)
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name = (const char *) dentry->d_name.name;
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}
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if (inode->i_ino || strcmp(inode->i_sb->s_id, "bdev"))
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printk(KERN_DEBUG
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"%s(%d): dirtied inode %lu (%s) on %s\n",
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current->comm, current->pid, inode->i_ino,
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name, inode->i_sb->s_id);
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}
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spin_lock(&inode_lock);
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if ((inode->i_state & flags) != flags) {
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const int was_dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
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inode->i_state |= flags;
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/*
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* If the inode is locked, just update its dirty state.
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* The unlocker will place the inode on the appropriate
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* superblock list, based upon its state.
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*/
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if (inode->i_state & I_LOCK)
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goto out;
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/*
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* Only add valid (hashed) inodes to the superblock's
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* dirty list. Add blockdev inodes as well.
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*/
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if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
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if (hlist_unhashed(&inode->i_hash))
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goto out;
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}
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if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_CLEAR))
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goto out;
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/*
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* If the inode was already on s_dirty or s_io, don't
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* reposition it (that would break s_dirty time-ordering).
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*/
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if (!was_dirty) {
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inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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}
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}
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out:
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spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mark_inode_dirty);
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static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, int sync)
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{
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if (inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode && !is_bad_inode(inode))
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return inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode(inode, sync);
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return 0;
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}
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/*
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* Write a single inode's dirty pages and inode data out to disk.
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* If `wait' is set, wait on the writeout.
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*
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* The whole writeout design is quite complex and fragile. We want to avoid
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* starvation of particular inodes when others are being redirtied, prevent
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* livelocks, etc.
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*
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* Called under inode_lock.
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*/
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static int
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__sync_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
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{
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unsigned dirty;
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struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
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struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
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int wait = wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL;
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int ret;
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BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_LOCK);
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/* Set I_LOCK, reset I_DIRTY */
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dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
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inode->i_state |= I_LOCK;
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inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY;
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spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
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ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
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/* Don't write the inode if only I_DIRTY_PAGES was set */
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if (dirty & (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) {
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int err = write_inode(inode, wait);
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if (ret == 0)
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ret = err;
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}
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if (wait) {
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int err = filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
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if (ret == 0)
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ret = err;
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}
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spin_lock(&inode_lock);
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inode->i_state &= ~I_LOCK;
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if (!(inode->i_state & I_FREEING)) {
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if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) &&
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mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) {
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/*
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* We didn't write back all the pages. nfs_writepages()
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* sometimes bales out without doing anything. Redirty
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* the inode. It is still on sb->s_io.
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*/
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if (wbc->for_kupdate) {
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/*
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* For the kupdate function we leave the inode
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* at the head of sb_dirty so it will get more
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* writeout as soon as the queue becomes
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* uncongested.
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*/
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inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES;
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list_move_tail(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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} else {
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/*
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* Otherwise fully redirty the inode so that
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* other inodes on this superblock will get some
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* writeout. Otherwise heavy writing to one
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* file would indefinitely suspend writeout of
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* all the other files.
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*/
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inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES;
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inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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}
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} else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
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/*
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* Someone redirtied the inode while were writing back
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* the pages.
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*/
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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} else if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count)) {
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/*
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* The inode is clean, inuse
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*/
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &inode_in_use);
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} else {
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/*
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* The inode is clean, unused
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*/
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &inode_unused);
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}
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}
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wake_up_inode(inode);
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return ret;
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}
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/*
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* Write out an inode's dirty pages. Called under inode_lock. Either the
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* caller has ref on the inode (either via __iget or via syscall against an fd)
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* or the inode has I_WILL_FREE set (via generic_forget_inode)
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*/
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static int
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__writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
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{
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wait_queue_head_t *wqh;
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if (!atomic_read(&inode->i_count))
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WARN_ON(!(inode->i_state & (I_WILL_FREE|I_FREEING)));
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else
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WARN_ON(inode->i_state & I_WILL_FREE);
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if ((wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) && (inode->i_state & I_LOCK)) {
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struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
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int ret;
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &inode->i_sb->s_dirty);
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/*
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* Even if we don't actually write the inode itself here,
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* we can at least start some of the data writeout..
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*/
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spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
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ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
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spin_lock(&inode_lock);
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return ret;
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}
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/*
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* It's a data-integrity sync. We must wait.
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*/
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if (inode->i_state & I_LOCK) {
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DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wq, &inode->i_state, __I_LOCK);
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wqh = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_LOCK);
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do {
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spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
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__wait_on_bit(wqh, &wq, inode_wait,
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TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
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spin_lock(&inode_lock);
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} while (inode->i_state & I_LOCK);
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}
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return __sync_single_inode(inode, wbc);
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}
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/*
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* Write out a superblock's list of dirty inodes. A wait will be performed
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* upon no inodes, all inodes or the final one, depending upon sync_mode.
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*
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* If older_than_this is non-NULL, then only write out inodes which
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* had their first dirtying at a time earlier than *older_than_this.
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*
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* If we're a pdlfush thread, then implement pdflush collision avoidance
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* against the entire list.
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*
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* WB_SYNC_HOLD is a hack for sys_sync(): reattach the inode to sb->s_dirty so
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* that it can be located for waiting on in __writeback_single_inode().
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*
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* Called under inode_lock.
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*
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* If `bdi' is non-zero then we're being asked to writeback a specific queue.
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* This function assumes that the blockdev superblock's inodes are backed by
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* a variety of queues, so all inodes are searched. For other superblocks,
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* assume that all inodes are backed by the same queue.
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*
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* FIXME: this linear search could get expensive with many fileystems. But
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* how to fix? We need to go from an address_space to all inodes which share
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* a queue with that address_space. (Easy: have a global "dirty superblocks"
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* list).
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*
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* The inodes to be written are parked on sb->s_io. They are moved back onto
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* sb->s_dirty as they are selected for writing. This way, none can be missed
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* on the writer throttling path, and we get decent balancing between many
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* throttled threads: we don't want them all piling up on __wait_on_inode.
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*/
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static void
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sync_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb, struct writeback_control *wbc)
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{
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const unsigned long start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */
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if (!wbc->for_kupdate || list_empty(&sb->s_io))
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list_splice_init(&sb->s_dirty, &sb->s_io);
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while (!list_empty(&sb->s_io)) {
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struct inode *inode = list_entry(sb->s_io.prev,
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struct inode, i_list);
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struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
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struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info;
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long pages_skipped;
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if (!bdi_cap_writeback_dirty(bdi)) {
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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if (sb_is_blkdev_sb(sb)) {
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/*
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* Dirty memory-backed blockdev: the ramdisk
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* driver does this. Skip just this inode
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*/
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continue;
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}
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/*
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* Dirty memory-backed inode against a filesystem other
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* than the kernel-internal bdev filesystem. Skip the
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* entire superblock.
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*/
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break;
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}
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if (wbc->nonblocking && bdi_write_congested(bdi)) {
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wbc->encountered_congestion = 1;
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if (!sb_is_blkdev_sb(sb))
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break; /* Skip a congested fs */
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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continue; /* Skip a congested blockdev */
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}
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if (wbc->bdi && bdi != wbc->bdi) {
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if (!sb_is_blkdev_sb(sb))
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break; /* fs has the wrong queue */
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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continue; /* blockdev has wrong queue */
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}
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/* Was this inode dirtied after sync_sb_inodes was called? */
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if (time_after(inode->dirtied_when, start))
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break;
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/* Was this inode dirtied too recently? */
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if (wbc->older_than_this && time_after(inode->dirtied_when,
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*wbc->older_than_this))
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break;
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/* Is another pdflush already flushing this queue? */
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if (current_is_pdflush() && !writeback_acquire(bdi))
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break;
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BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_FREEING);
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__iget(inode);
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pages_skipped = wbc->pages_skipped;
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__writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
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if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_HOLD) {
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inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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}
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if (current_is_pdflush())
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writeback_release(bdi);
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if (wbc->pages_skipped != pages_skipped) {
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/*
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* writeback is not making progress due to locked
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* buffers. Skip this inode for now.
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*/
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list_move(&inode->i_list, &sb->s_dirty);
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}
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spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
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iput(inode);
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cond_resched();
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spin_lock(&inode_lock);
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if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0)
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break;
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}
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return; /* Leave any unwritten inodes on s_io */
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}
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/*
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* Start writeback of dirty pagecache data against all unlocked inodes.
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*
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* Note:
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* We don't need to grab a reference to superblock here. If it has non-empty
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* ->s_dirty it's hadn't been killed yet and kill_super() won't proceed
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* past sync_inodes_sb() until both the ->s_dirty and ->s_io lists are
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* empty. Since __sync_single_inode() regains inode_lock before it finally moves
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* inode from superblock lists we are OK.
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*
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* If `older_than_this' is non-zero then only flush inodes which have a
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* flushtime older than *older_than_this.
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*
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* If `bdi' is non-zero then we will scan the first inode against each
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* superblock until we find the matching ones. One group will be the dirty
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* inodes against a filesystem. Then when we hit the dummy blockdev superblock,
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* sync_sb_inodes will seekout the blockdev which matches `bdi'. Maybe not
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* super-efficient but we're about to do a ton of I/O...
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*/
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void
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writeback_inodes(struct writeback_control *wbc)
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{
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struct super_block *sb;
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might_sleep();
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spin_lock(&sb_lock);
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restart:
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sb = sb_entry(super_blocks.prev);
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for (; sb != sb_entry(&super_blocks); sb = sb_entry(sb->s_list.prev)) {
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if (!list_empty(&sb->s_dirty) || !list_empty(&sb->s_io)) {
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/* we're making our own get_super here */
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sb->s_count++;
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spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
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/*
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* If we can't get the readlock, there's no sense in
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* waiting around, most of the time the FS is going to
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* be unmounted by the time it is released.
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*/
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if (down_read_trylock(&sb->s_umount)) {
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if (sb->s_root) {
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spin_lock(&inode_lock);
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sync_sb_inodes(sb, wbc);
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spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
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}
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up_read(&sb->s_umount);
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}
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spin_lock(&sb_lock);
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if (__put_super_and_need_restart(sb))
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goto restart;
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}
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if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0)
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break;
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}
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spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
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}
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/*
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* writeback and wait upon the filesystem's dirty inodes. The caller will
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* do this in two passes - one to write, and one to wait. WB_SYNC_HOLD is
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* used to park the written inodes on sb->s_dirty for the wait pass.
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*
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* A finite limit is set on the number of pages which will be written.
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* To prevent infinite livelock of sys_sync().
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*
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* We add in the number of potentially dirty inodes, because each inode write
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* can dirty pagecache in the underlying blockdev.
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*/
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void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
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{
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struct writeback_control wbc = {
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.sync_mode = wait ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_HOLD,
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.range_start = 0,
|
|
.range_end = LLONG_MAX,
|
|
};
|
|
unsigned long nr_dirty = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY);
|
|
unsigned long nr_unstable = global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
|
|
|
|
wbc.nr_to_write = nr_dirty + nr_unstable +
|
|
(inodes_stat.nr_inodes - inodes_stat.nr_unused) +
|
|
nr_dirty + nr_unstable;
|
|
wbc.nr_to_write += wbc.nr_to_write / 2; /* Bit more for luck */
|
|
spin_lock(&inode_lock);
|
|
sync_sb_inodes(sb, &wbc);
|
|
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Rather lame livelock avoidance.
|
|
*/
|
|
static void set_sb_syncing(int val)
|
|
{
|
|
struct super_block *sb;
|
|
spin_lock(&sb_lock);
|
|
sb = sb_entry(super_blocks.prev);
|
|
for (; sb != sb_entry(&super_blocks); sb = sb_entry(sb->s_list.prev)) {
|
|
sb->s_syncing = val;
|
|
}
|
|
spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* sync_inodes - writes all inodes to disk
|
|
* @wait: wait for completion
|
|
*
|
|
* sync_inodes() goes through each super block's dirty inode list, writes the
|
|
* inodes out, waits on the writeout and puts the inodes back on the normal
|
|
* list.
|
|
*
|
|
* This is for sys_sync(). fsync_dev() uses the same algorithm. The subtle
|
|
* part of the sync functions is that the blockdev "superblock" is processed
|
|
* last. This is because the write_inode() function of a typical fs will
|
|
* perform no I/O, but will mark buffers in the blockdev mapping as dirty.
|
|
* What we want to do is to perform all that dirtying first, and then write
|
|
* back all those inode blocks via the blockdev mapping in one sweep. So the
|
|
* additional (somewhat redundant) sync_blockdev() calls here are to make
|
|
* sure that really happens. Because if we call sync_inodes_sb(wait=1) with
|
|
* outstanding dirty inodes, the writeback goes block-at-a-time within the
|
|
* filesystem's write_inode(). This is extremely slow.
|
|
*/
|
|
static void __sync_inodes(int wait)
|
|
{
|
|
struct super_block *sb;
|
|
|
|
spin_lock(&sb_lock);
|
|
restart:
|
|
list_for_each_entry(sb, &super_blocks, s_list) {
|
|
if (sb->s_syncing)
|
|
continue;
|
|
sb->s_syncing = 1;
|
|
sb->s_count++;
|
|
spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
|
|
down_read(&sb->s_umount);
|
|
if (sb->s_root) {
|
|
sync_inodes_sb(sb, wait);
|
|
sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
|
|
}
|
|
up_read(&sb->s_umount);
|
|
spin_lock(&sb_lock);
|
|
if (__put_super_and_need_restart(sb))
|
|
goto restart;
|
|
}
|
|
spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void sync_inodes(int wait)
|
|
{
|
|
set_sb_syncing(0);
|
|
__sync_inodes(0);
|
|
|
|
if (wait) {
|
|
set_sb_syncing(0);
|
|
__sync_inodes(1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* write_inode_now - write an inode to disk
|
|
* @inode: inode to write to disk
|
|
* @sync: whether the write should be synchronous or not
|
|
*
|
|
* This function commits an inode to disk immediately if it is dirty. This is
|
|
* primarily needed by knfsd.
|
|
*
|
|
* The caller must either have a ref on the inode or must have set I_WILL_FREE.
|
|
*/
|
|
int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync)
|
|
{
|
|
int ret;
|
|
struct writeback_control wbc = {
|
|
.nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
|
|
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
|
|
.range_start = 0,
|
|
.range_end = LLONG_MAX,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
if (!mapping_cap_writeback_dirty(inode->i_mapping))
|
|
wbc.nr_to_write = 0;
|
|
|
|
might_sleep();
|
|
spin_lock(&inode_lock);
|
|
ret = __writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc);
|
|
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
|
|
if (sync)
|
|
wait_on_inode(inode);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* sync_inode - write an inode and its pages to disk.
|
|
* @inode: the inode to sync
|
|
* @wbc: controls the writeback mode
|
|
*
|
|
* sync_inode() will write an inode and its pages to disk. It will also
|
|
* correctly update the inode on its superblock's dirty inode lists and will
|
|
* update inode->i_state.
|
|
*
|
|
* The caller must have a ref on the inode.
|
|
*/
|
|
int sync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
|
|
{
|
|
int ret;
|
|
|
|
spin_lock(&inode_lock);
|
|
ret = __writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
|
|
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
|
|
return ret;
|
|
}
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* generic_osync_inode - flush all dirty data for a given inode to disk
|
|
* @inode: inode to write
|
|
* @mapping: the address_space that should be flushed
|
|
* @what: what to write and wait upon
|
|
*
|
|
* This can be called by file_write functions for files which have the
|
|
* O_SYNC flag set, to flush dirty writes to disk.
|
|
*
|
|
* @what is a bitmask, specifying which part of the inode's data should be
|
|
* written and waited upon.
|
|
*
|
|
* OSYNC_DATA: i_mapping's dirty data
|
|
* OSYNC_METADATA: the buffers at i_mapping->private_list
|
|
* OSYNC_INODE: the inode itself
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
int generic_osync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct address_space *mapping, int what)
|
|
{
|
|
int err = 0;
|
|
int need_write_inode_now = 0;
|
|
int err2;
|
|
|
|
if (what & OSYNC_DATA)
|
|
err = filemap_fdatawrite(mapping);
|
|
if (what & (OSYNC_METADATA|OSYNC_DATA)) {
|
|
err2 = sync_mapping_buffers(mapping);
|
|
if (!err)
|
|
err = err2;
|
|
}
|
|
if (what & OSYNC_DATA) {
|
|
err2 = filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
|
|
if (!err)
|
|
err = err2;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
spin_lock(&inode_lock);
|
|
if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) &&
|
|
((what & OSYNC_INODE) || (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)))
|
|
need_write_inode_now = 1;
|
|
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
|
|
|
|
if (need_write_inode_now) {
|
|
err2 = write_inode_now(inode, 1);
|
|
if (!err)
|
|
err = err2;
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
wait_on_inode(inode);
|
|
|
|
return err;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_osync_inode);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* writeback_acquire: attempt to get exclusive writeback access to a device
|
|
* @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure
|
|
*
|
|
* It is a waste of resources to have more than one pdflush thread blocked on
|
|
* a single request queue. Exclusion at the request_queue level is obtained
|
|
* via a flag in the request_queue's backing_dev_info.state.
|
|
*
|
|
* Non-request_queue-backed address_spaces will share default_backing_dev_info,
|
|
* unless they implement their own. Which is somewhat inefficient, as this
|
|
* may prevent concurrent writeback against multiple devices.
|
|
*/
|
|
int writeback_acquire(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
|
|
{
|
|
return !test_and_set_bit(BDI_pdflush, &bdi->state);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* writeback_in_progress: determine whether there is writeback in progress
|
|
* @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure.
|
|
*
|
|
* Determine whether there is writeback in progress against a backing device.
|
|
*/
|
|
int writeback_in_progress(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
|
|
{
|
|
return test_bit(BDI_pdflush, &bdi->state);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* writeback_release: relinquish exclusive writeback access against a device.
|
|
* @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure
|
|
*/
|
|
void writeback_release(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
|
|
{
|
|
BUG_ON(!writeback_in_progress(bdi));
|
|
clear_bit(BDI_pdflush, &bdi->state);
|
|
}
|