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![Greg Kroah-Hartman](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
337 lines
7.8 KiB
Bash
Executable file
337 lines
7.8 KiB
Bash
Executable file
#!/bin/sh
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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#
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# link vmlinux
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#
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# vmlinux is linked from the objects selected by $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) and
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# $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN) and $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS). Most are built-in.o files
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# from top-level directories in the kernel tree, others are specified in
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# arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile. Ordering when linking is important, and
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# $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT) must be first. $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) are archives
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# which are linked conditionally (not within --whole-archive), and do not
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# require symbol indexes added.
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#
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# vmlinux
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# ^
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# |
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# +-< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT)
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# | +--< init/version.o + more
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# |
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# +--< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN)
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# | +--< drivers/built-in.o mm/built-in.o + more
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# |
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# +--< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
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# | +--< lib/lib.a + more
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# |
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# +-< ${kallsymso} (see description in KALLSYMS section)
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#
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# vmlinux version (uname -v) cannot be updated during normal
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# descending-into-subdirs phase since we do not yet know if we need to
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# update vmlinux.
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# Therefore this step is delayed until just before final link of vmlinux.
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#
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# System.map is generated to document addresses of all kernel symbols
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# Error out on error
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set -e
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# Nice output in kbuild format
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# Will be supressed by "make -s"
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info()
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{
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if [ "${quiet}" != "silent_" ]; then
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printf " %-7s %s\n" ${1} ${2}
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fi
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}
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# Thin archive build here makes a final archive with symbol table and indexes
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# from vmlinux objects INIT and MAIN, which can be used as input to linker.
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# KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS archives should already have symbol table and indexes
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# added.
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#
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# Traditional incremental style of link does not require this step
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#
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# built-in.o output file
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#
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archive_builtin()
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{
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_THIN_ARCHIVES}" ]; then
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info AR built-in.o
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rm -f built-in.o;
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${AR} rcsTP${KBUILD_ARFLAGS} built-in.o \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN}
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fi
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}
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# Link of vmlinux.o used for section mismatch analysis
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# ${1} output file
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modpost_link()
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{
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local objects
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_THIN_ARCHIVES}" ]; then
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objects="--whole-archive \
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built-in.o \
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--no-whole-archive \
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--start-group \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS} \
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--end-group"
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else
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objects="${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \
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--start-group \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN} \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS} \
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--end-group"
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fi
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${LD} ${LDFLAGS} -r -o ${1} ${objects}
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}
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# Link of vmlinux
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# ${1} - optional extra .o files
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# ${2} - output file
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vmlinux_link()
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{
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local lds="${objtree}/${KBUILD_LDS}"
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local objects
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if [ "${SRCARCH}" != "um" ]; then
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_THIN_ARCHIVES}" ]; then
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objects="--whole-archive \
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built-in.o \
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--no-whole-archive \
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--start-group \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS} \
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--end-group \
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${1}"
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else
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objects="${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \
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--start-group \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN} \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS} \
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--end-group \
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${1}"
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fi
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${LD} ${LDFLAGS} ${LDFLAGS_vmlinux} -o ${2} \
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-T ${lds} ${objects}
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else
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_THIN_ARCHIVES}" ]; then
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objects="-Wl,--whole-archive \
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built-in.o \
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-Wl,--no-whole-archive \
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-Wl,--start-group \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS} \
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-Wl,--end-group \
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${1}"
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else
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objects="${KBUILD_VMLINUX_INIT} \
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-Wl,--start-group \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_MAIN} \
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${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS} \
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-Wl,--end-group \
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${1}"
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fi
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${CC} ${CFLAGS_vmlinux} -o ${2} \
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-Wl,-T,${lds} \
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${objects} \
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-lutil -lrt -lpthread
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rm -f linux
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fi
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}
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# Create ${2} .o file with all symbols from the ${1} object file
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kallsyms()
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{
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info KSYM ${2}
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local kallsymopt;
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_HAVE_UNDERSCORE_SYMBOL_PREFIX}" ]; then
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kallsymopt="${kallsymopt} --symbol-prefix=_"
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fi
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL}" ]; then
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kallsymopt="${kallsymopt} --all-symbols"
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fi
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU}" ]; then
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kallsymopt="${kallsymopt} --absolute-percpu"
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fi
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE}" ]; then
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kallsymopt="${kallsymopt} --base-relative"
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fi
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local aflags="${KBUILD_AFLAGS} ${KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL} \
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${NOSTDINC_FLAGS} ${LINUXINCLUDE} ${KBUILD_CPPFLAGS}"
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local afile="`basename ${2} .o`.S"
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${NM} -n ${1} | scripts/kallsyms ${kallsymopt} > ${afile}
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${CC} ${aflags} -c -o ${2} ${afile}
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}
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# Create map file with all symbols from ${1}
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# See mksymap for additional details
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mksysmap()
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{
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${CONFIG_SHELL} "${srctree}/scripts/mksysmap" ${1} ${2}
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}
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sortextable()
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{
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${objtree}/scripts/sortextable ${1}
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}
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# Delete output files in case of error
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cleanup()
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{
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rm -f .old_version
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rm -f .tmp_System.map
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rm -f .tmp_kallsyms*
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rm -f .tmp_version
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rm -f .tmp_vmlinux*
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rm -f built-in.o
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rm -f System.map
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rm -f vmlinux
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rm -f vmlinux.o
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}
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on_exit()
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{
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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cleanup
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fi
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}
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trap on_exit EXIT
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on_signals()
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{
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exit 1
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}
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trap on_signals HUP INT QUIT TERM
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#
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#
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# Use "make V=1" to debug this script
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case "${KBUILD_VERBOSE}" in
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*1*)
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set -x
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;;
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esac
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if [ "$1" = "clean" ]; then
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cleanup
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exit 0
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fi
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# We need access to CONFIG_ symbols
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case "${KCONFIG_CONFIG}" in
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*/*)
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. "${KCONFIG_CONFIG}"
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;;
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*)
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# Force using a file from the current directory
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. "./${KCONFIG_CONFIG}"
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esac
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# Update version
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info GEN .version
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if [ ! -r .version ]; then
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rm -f .version;
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echo 1 >.version;
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else
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mv .version .old_version;
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expr 0$(cat .old_version) + 1 >.version;
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fi;
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# final build of init/
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${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.build" obj=init GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS="${GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS}"
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archive_builtin
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#link vmlinux.o
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info LD vmlinux.o
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modpost_link vmlinux.o
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# modpost vmlinux.o to check for section mismatches
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${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.modpost" vmlinux.o
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kallsymso=""
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kallsyms_vmlinux=""
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS}" ]; then
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# kallsyms support
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# Generate section listing all symbols and add it into vmlinux
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# It's a three step process:
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# 1) Link .tmp_vmlinux1 so it has all symbols and sections,
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# but __kallsyms is empty.
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# Running kallsyms on that gives us .tmp_kallsyms1.o with
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# the right size
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# 2) Link .tmp_vmlinux2 so it now has a __kallsyms section of
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# the right size, but due to the added section, some
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# addresses have shifted.
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# From here, we generate a correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o
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# 3) That link may have expanded the kernel image enough that
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# more linker branch stubs / trampolines had to be added, which
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# introduces new names, which further expands kallsyms. Do another
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# pass if that is the case. In theory it's possible this results
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# in even more stubs, but unlikely.
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# KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1 may also used to debug or work around
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# other bugs.
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# 4) The correct ${kallsymso} is linked into the final vmlinux.
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#
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# a) Verify that the System.map from vmlinux matches the map from
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# ${kallsymso}.
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kallsymso=.tmp_kallsyms2.o
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kallsyms_vmlinux=.tmp_vmlinux2
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# step 1
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vmlinux_link "" .tmp_vmlinux1
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kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux1 .tmp_kallsyms1.o
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# step 2
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vmlinux_link .tmp_kallsyms1.o .tmp_vmlinux2
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kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux2 .tmp_kallsyms2.o
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# step 3
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size1=$(stat -c "%s" .tmp_kallsyms1.o)
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size2=$(stat -c "%s" .tmp_kallsyms2.o)
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if [ $size1 -ne $size2 ] || [ -n "${KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS}" ]; then
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kallsymso=.tmp_kallsyms3.o
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kallsyms_vmlinux=.tmp_vmlinux3
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vmlinux_link .tmp_kallsyms2.o .tmp_vmlinux3
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kallsyms .tmp_vmlinux3 .tmp_kallsyms3.o
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fi
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fi
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info LD vmlinux
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vmlinux_link "${kallsymso}" vmlinux
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT}" ]; then
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info SORTEX vmlinux
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sortextable vmlinux
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fi
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info SYSMAP System.map
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mksysmap vmlinux System.map
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# step a (see comment above)
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if [ -n "${CONFIG_KALLSYMS}" ]; then
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mksysmap ${kallsyms_vmlinux} .tmp_System.map
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if ! cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map; then
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echo >&2 Inconsistent kallsyms data
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echo >&2 Try "make KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1" as a workaround
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exit 1
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fi
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fi
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# We made a new kernel - delete old version file
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rm -f .old_version
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