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![Greg Kroah-Hartman](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
This mostly consists of patches that didn't quite make the last cycle. Lots of interesting things under review currently. Core: - Add devm_iio_device_register/unregister. I took some convincing on whether there would be many devices that really were simple enough to need no explicit actions on removal. Turns out there are some. - Move some stray docs to above the relevant implemenation. - Drop a redundant repeated check on the fact the trigger has actually changed when there is a userspace attempt change it. Drivers: New drivers - Freescale MPL3115A2 Pressure / temperature sensor New functionality - hid_sensors: add sensitivity support. DT bindings - tsl2563 - hmc5843 Cleanups - Drop unused scan_type from viperboard adc driver. - devm_iio_device_register used in viperboard, ad5421, ad5755, adis16130, adxrs450, vcnl4000, adis16220, ad7816, lpc32xx, adt7316, adis16060, isl29018 and ad2s1200. Note that this was proposed in a number of other drivers and this revealed a number of missorderings in remove functions. Also for now I have blocked this on any device that any hardware suspend suport on the basis that we probably want to power down devices if they have no driver support loaded. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v2.0.22 (GNU/Linux) iQIcBAABAgAGBQJSk7pfAAoJEFSFNJnE9BaINEAP/2LKNkK/65BI8DOb3DQcRQWw yQAjYd43c7OWTW6clx3DRZiESI1qR7B1LeIV3P+jF1kvOS5qdE1WfYI9pQCLW+JL yRQgqLJknuHnrs+Bzw5CrGRcPDl5Zk31megcs0CcOt76LbQsaQ+w/blq9EiuVioW s2HfopsbVPQBe/IRA5ajLRG5gQYR4FIEIdzifzmv3Zydzhg9yFy5sk6vpSnzN6zM bh1Q8OooMDCqrCsKwzG1z5ZT4ki6oEILVQsiCblI9kcbw+GyKb95d63E0ZdlH72o ymowmRGujB+gS1zBh+1zLVjuaUytLHBUxAcQIFYwpOtbqaAYo68J5HFEyXWh5QpH aeMWnN4Cd54h83SsBofF05aFPGGK3iM6rioDpPJaLjBzJgFuRvIV87O3t0j1/3/Q VfXKYboGH4EVHsbARoUaQ4UP/0WlXoDQwX5XfBbsSlL9/U58JmrKAx6+HvmSyvcG 5HKzOsVQNKbZMrSlBlvFzPXtRdJwRuv9TwWLLUatQKZAt66rdBgWcycOvlQv1m/9 Neo/2b22vqoAN1AfyW32Hz7rQCnKxVczbTdex9I5ikNJmIPUfbZ6TAE/660HSVE2 J70ZA6SHGU9Edhm0fkJNBhRanO3my4vQFUwcl457JY9O/BeC0xBhU1ZjvkFGysG0 D/9TEiSaLoURkhxeeN0M =KZou -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'iio-for-3.14a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jic23/iio into staging-next Jonathan writes: First set of new features, drivers and cleanups for IIO in the 3.14 cycle. This mostly consists of patches that didn't quite make the last cycle. Lots of interesting things under review currently. Core: - Add devm_iio_device_register/unregister. I took some convincing on whether there would be many devices that really were simple enough to need no explicit actions on removal. Turns out there are some. - Move some stray docs to above the relevant implemenation. - Drop a redundant repeated check on the fact the trigger has actually changed when there is a userspace attempt change it. Drivers: New drivers - Freescale MPL3115A2 Pressure / temperature sensor New functionality - hid_sensors: add sensitivity support. DT bindings - tsl2563 - hmc5843 Cleanups - Drop unused scan_type from viperboard adc driver. - devm_iio_device_register used in viperboard, ad5421, ad5755, adis16130, adxrs450, vcnl4000, adis16220, ad7816, lpc32xx, adt7316, adis16060, isl29018 and ad2s1200. Note that this was proposed in a number of other drivers and this revealed a number of missorderings in remove functions. Also for now I have blocked this on any device that any hardware suspend suport on the basis that we probably want to power down devices if they have no driver support loaded.
310 lines
8.3 KiB
Text
310 lines
8.3 KiB
Text
Devres - Managed Device Resource
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================================
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Tejun Heo <teheo@suse.de>
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First draft 10 January 2007
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1. Intro : Huh? Devres?
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2. Devres : Devres in a nutshell
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3. Devres Group : Group devres'es and release them together
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4. Details : Life time rules, calling context, ...
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5. Overhead : How much do we have to pay for this?
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6. List of managed interfaces : Currently implemented managed interfaces
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1. Intro
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--------
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devres came up while trying to convert libata to use iomap. Each
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iomapped address should be kept and unmapped on driver detach. For
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example, a plain SFF ATA controller (that is, good old PCI IDE) in
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native mode makes use of 5 PCI BARs and all of them should be
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maintained.
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As with many other device drivers, libata low level drivers have
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sufficient bugs in ->remove and ->probe failure path. Well, yes,
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that's probably because libata low level driver developers are lazy
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bunch, but aren't all low level driver developers? After spending a
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day fiddling with braindamaged hardware with no document or
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braindamaged document, if it's finally working, well, it's working.
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For one reason or another, low level drivers don't receive as much
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attention or testing as core code, and bugs on driver detach or
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initialization failure don't happen often enough to be noticeable.
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Init failure path is worse because it's much less travelled while
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needs to handle multiple entry points.
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So, many low level drivers end up leaking resources on driver detach
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and having half broken failure path implementation in ->probe() which
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would leak resources or even cause oops when failure occurs. iomap
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adds more to this mix. So do msi and msix.
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2. Devres
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---------
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devres is basically linked list of arbitrarily sized memory areas
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associated with a struct device. Each devres entry is associated with
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a release function. A devres can be released in several ways. No
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matter what, all devres entries are released on driver detach. On
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release, the associated release function is invoked and then the
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devres entry is freed.
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Managed interface is created for resources commonly used by device
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drivers using devres. For example, coherent DMA memory is acquired
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using dma_alloc_coherent(). The managed version is called
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dmam_alloc_coherent(). It is identical to dma_alloc_coherent() except
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for the DMA memory allocated using it is managed and will be
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automatically released on driver detach. Implementation looks like
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the following.
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struct dma_devres {
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size_t size;
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void *vaddr;
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dma_addr_t dma_handle;
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};
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static void dmam_coherent_release(struct device *dev, void *res)
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{
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struct dma_devres *this = res;
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dma_free_coherent(dev, this->size, this->vaddr, this->dma_handle);
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}
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dmam_alloc_coherent(dev, size, dma_handle, gfp)
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{
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struct dma_devres *dr;
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void *vaddr;
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dr = devres_alloc(dmam_coherent_release, sizeof(*dr), gfp);
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...
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/* alloc DMA memory as usual */
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vaddr = dma_alloc_coherent(...);
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...
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/* record size, vaddr, dma_handle in dr */
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dr->vaddr = vaddr;
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...
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devres_add(dev, dr);
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return vaddr;
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}
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If a driver uses dmam_alloc_coherent(), the area is guaranteed to be
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freed whether initialization fails half-way or the device gets
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detached. If most resources are acquired using managed interface, a
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driver can have much simpler init and exit code. Init path basically
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looks like the following.
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my_init_one()
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{
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struct mydev *d;
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d = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*d), GFP_KERNEL);
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if (!d)
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return -ENOMEM;
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d->ring = dmam_alloc_coherent(...);
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if (!d->ring)
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return -ENOMEM;
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if (check something)
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return -EINVAL;
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...
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return register_to_upper_layer(d);
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}
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And exit path,
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my_remove_one()
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{
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unregister_from_upper_layer(d);
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shutdown_my_hardware();
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}
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As shown above, low level drivers can be simplified a lot by using
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devres. Complexity is shifted from less maintained low level drivers
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to better maintained higher layer. Also, as init failure path is
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shared with exit path, both can get more testing.
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3. Devres group
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---------------
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Devres entries can be grouped using devres group. When a group is
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released, all contained normal devres entries and properly nested
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groups are released. One usage is to rollback series of acquired
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resources on failure. For example,
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if (!devres_open_group(dev, NULL, GFP_KERNEL))
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return -ENOMEM;
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acquire A;
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if (failed)
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goto err;
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acquire B;
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if (failed)
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goto err;
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...
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devres_remove_group(dev, NULL);
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return 0;
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err:
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devres_release_group(dev, NULL);
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return err_code;
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As resource acquisition failure usually means probe failure, constructs
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like above are usually useful in midlayer driver (e.g. libata core
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layer) where interface function shouldn't have side effect on failure.
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For LLDs, just returning error code suffices in most cases.
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Each group is identified by void *id. It can either be explicitly
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specified by @id argument to devres_open_group() or automatically
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created by passing NULL as @id as in the above example. In both
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cases, devres_open_group() returns the group's id. The returned id
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can be passed to other devres functions to select the target group.
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If NULL is given to those functions, the latest open group is
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selected.
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For example, you can do something like the following.
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int my_midlayer_create_something()
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{
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if (!devres_open_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something, GFP_KERNEL))
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return -ENOMEM;
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...
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devres_close_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
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return 0;
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}
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void my_midlayer_destroy_something()
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{
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devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
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}
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4. Details
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----------
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Lifetime of a devres entry begins on devres allocation and finishes
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when it is released or destroyed (removed and freed) - no reference
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counting.
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devres core guarantees atomicity to all basic devres operations and
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has support for single-instance devres types (atomic
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lookup-and-add-if-not-found). Other than that, synchronizing
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concurrent accesses to allocated devres data is caller's
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responsibility. This is usually non-issue because bus ops and
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resource allocations already do the job.
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For an example of single-instance devres type, read pcim_iomap_table()
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in lib/devres.c.
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All devres interface functions can be called without context if the
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right gfp mask is given.
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5. Overhead
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-----------
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Each devres bookkeeping info is allocated together with requested data
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area. With debug option turned off, bookkeeping info occupies 16
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bytes on 32bit machines and 24 bytes on 64bit (three pointers rounded
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up to ull alignment). If singly linked list is used, it can be
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reduced to two pointers (8 bytes on 32bit, 16 bytes on 64bit).
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Each devres group occupies 8 pointers. It can be reduced to 6 if
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singly linked list is used.
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Memory space overhead on ahci controller with two ports is between 300
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and 400 bytes on 32bit machine after naive conversion (we can
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certainly invest a bit more effort into libata core layer).
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6. List of managed interfaces
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-----------------------------
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MEM
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devm_kzalloc()
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devm_kfree()
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IIO
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devm_iio_device_alloc()
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devm_iio_device_free()
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devm_iio_trigger_alloc()
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devm_iio_trigger_free()
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devm_iio_device_register()
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devm_iio_device_unregister()
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IO region
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devm_request_region()
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devm_request_mem_region()
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devm_release_region()
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devm_release_mem_region()
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IRQ
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devm_request_irq()
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devm_free_irq()
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DMA
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dmam_alloc_coherent()
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dmam_free_coherent()
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dmam_alloc_noncoherent()
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dmam_free_noncoherent()
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dmam_declare_coherent_memory()
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dmam_pool_create()
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dmam_pool_destroy()
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PCI
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pcim_enable_device() : after success, all PCI ops become managed
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pcim_pin_device() : keep PCI device enabled after release
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IOMAP
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devm_ioport_map()
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devm_ioport_unmap()
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devm_ioremap()
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devm_ioremap_nocache()
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devm_iounmap()
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devm_ioremap_resource() : checks resource, requests memory region, ioremaps
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devm_request_and_ioremap() : obsoleted by devm_ioremap_resource()
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pcim_iomap()
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pcim_iounmap()
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pcim_iomap_table() : array of mapped addresses indexed by BAR
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pcim_iomap_regions() : do request_region() and iomap() on multiple BARs
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REGULATOR
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devm_regulator_get()
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devm_regulator_put()
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devm_regulator_bulk_get()
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devm_regulator_register()
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CLOCK
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devm_clk_get()
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devm_clk_put()
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PINCTRL
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devm_pinctrl_get()
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devm_pinctrl_put()
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PWM
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devm_pwm_get()
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devm_pwm_put()
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PHY
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devm_usb_get_phy()
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devm_usb_put_phy()
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SLAVE DMA ENGINE
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devm_acpi_dma_controller_register()
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SPI
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devm_spi_register_master()
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