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Lukasz Luba d6337dfd1e PM: EM: Increase energy calculation precision 
[ Upstream commit 7fcc17d0cb ]

The Energy Model (EM) provides useful information about device power in
each performance state to other subsystems like: Energy Aware Scheduler
(EAS). The energy calculation in EAS does arithmetic operation based on
the EM em_cpu_energy(). Current implementation of that function uses
em_perf_state::cost as a pre-computed cost coefficient equal to:
cost = power * max_frequency / frequency.
The 'power' is expressed in milli-Watts (or in abstract scale).

There are corner cases when the EAS energy calculation for two Performance
Domains (PDs) return the same value. The EAS compares these values to
choose smaller one. It might happen that this values are equal due to
rounding error. In such scenario, we need better resolution, e.g. 1000
times better. To provide this possibility increase the resolution in the
em_perf_state::cost for 64-bit architectures. The cost of increasing
resolution on 32-bit is pretty high (64-bit division) and is not justified
since there are no new 32bit big.LITTLE EAS systems expected which would
benefit from this higher resolution.

This patch allows to avoid the rounding to milli-Watt errors, which might
occur in EAS energy estimation for each PD. The rounding error is common
for small tasks which have small utilization value.

There are two places in the code where it makes a difference:
1. In the find_energy_efficient_cpu() where we are searching for
best_delta. We might suffer there when two PDs return the same result,
like in the example below.

Scenario:
Low utilized system e.g. ~200 sum_util for PD0 and ~220 for PD1. There
are quite a few small tasks ~10-15 util. These tasks would suffer for
the rounding error. These utilization values are typical when running games
on Android. One of our partners has reported 5..10mA less battery drain
when running with increased resolution.

Some details:
We have two PDs: PD0 (big) and PD1 (little)
Let's compare w/o patch set ('old') and w/ patch set ('new')
We are comparing energy w/ task and w/o task placed in the PDs

a) 'old' w/o patch set, PD0
task_util = 13
cost = 480
sum_util_w/o_task = 215
sum_util_w_task = 228
scale_cpu = 1024
energy_w/o_task = 480 * 215 / 1024 = 100.78 => 100
energy_w_task = 480 * 228 / 1024 = 106.87 => 106
energy_diff = 106 - 100 = 6
(this is equal to 'old' PD1's energy_diff in 'c)')

b) 'new' w/ patch set, PD0
task_util = 13
cost = 480 * 1000 = 480000
sum_util_w/o_task = 215
sum_util_w_task = 228
energy_w/o_task = 480000 * 215 / 1024 = 100781
energy_w_task = 480000 * 228 / 1024  = 106875
energy_diff = 106875 - 100781 = 6094
(this is not equal to 'new' PD1's energy_diff in 'd)')

c) 'old' w/o patch set, PD1
task_util = 13
cost = 160
sum_util_w/o_task = 283
sum_util_w_task = 293
scale_cpu = 355
energy_w/o_task = 160 * 283 / 355 = 127.55 => 127
energy_w_task = 160 * 296 / 355 = 133.41 => 133
energy_diff = 133 - 127 = 6
(this is equal to 'old' PD0's energy_diff in 'a)')

d) 'new' w/ patch set, PD1
task_util = 13
cost = 160 * 1000 = 160000
sum_util_w/o_task = 283
sum_util_w_task = 293
scale_cpu = 355
energy_w/o_task = 160000 * 283 / 355 = 127549
energy_w_task = 160000 * 296 / 355 =   133408
energy_diff = 133408 - 127549 = 5859
(this is not equal to 'new' PD0's energy_diff in 'b)')

2. Difference in the 6% energy margin filter at the end of
find_energy_efficient_cpu(). With this patch the margin comparison also
has better resolution, so it's possible to have better task placement
thanks to that.

Fixes: 27871f7a8a ("PM: Introduce an Energy Model management framework")
Reported-by: CCJ Yeh <CCj.Yeh@mediatek.com>
Reviewed-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
arch arm64: dts: renesas: hihope-rzg2-ex: Add EtherAVB internal rx delay 2021-09-15 09:50:36 +02:00
block blk-crypto: fix check for too-large dun_bytes 2021-09-15 09:50:30 +02:00
certs certs: Trigger creation of RSA module signing key if it's not an RSA key 2021-09-15 09:50:29 +02:00
crypto crypto: sm2 - fix a memory leak in sm2 2021-07-14 16:56:06 +02:00
Documentation dt-bindings: sifive-l2-cache: Fix 'select' matching 2021-09-03 10:09:26 +02:00
drivers soc: qcom: smsm: Fix missed interrupts if state changes while masked 2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
fs debugfs: Return error during {full/open}_proxy_open() on rmmod 2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
include PM: EM: Increase energy calculation precision 2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
init sched/core: Initialize the idle task with preemption disabled 2021-07-14 16:55:50 +02:00
ipc ipc/mqueue, msg, sem: avoid relying on a stack reference past its expiry 2021-05-26 12:06:54 +02:00
kernel PM: EM: Increase energy calculation precision 2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
lib lib/mpi: use kcalloc in mpi_resize 2021-09-15 09:50:29 +02:00
LICENSES LICENSES/deprecated: add Zlib license text 2020-09-16 14:33:49 +02:00
mm mm/page_alloc: speed up the iteration of max_order 2021-09-12 08:58:26 +02:00
net Bluetooth: increase BTNAMSIZ to 21 chars to fix potential buffer overflow 2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
samples bpf, samples: Add missing mprog-disable to xdp_redirect_cpu's optstring 2021-09-15 09:50:37 +02:00
scripts scripts/tracing: fix the bug that can't parse raw_trace_func 2021-08-12 13:22:12 +02:00
security bpf: Add lockdown check for probe_write_user helper 2021-08-15 14:00:25 +02:00
sound ASoC: mediatek: mt8183: Fix Unbalanced pm_runtime_enable in mt8183_afe_pcm_dev_probe 2021-09-15 09:50:31 +02:00
tools libbpf: Fix removal of inner map in bpf_object__create_map 2021-09-15 09:50:32 +02:00
usr Merge branch 'work.fdpic' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs 2020-08-07 13:29:39 -07:00
virt KVM: Do not leak memory for duplicate debugfs directories 2021-08-12 13:22:17 +02:00
.clang-format RDMA 5.10 pull request 2020-10-17 11:18:18 -07:00
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COPYING COPYING: state that all contributions really are covered by this file 2020-02-10 13:32:20 -08:00
CREDITS MAINTAINERS: Move Jason Cooper to CREDITS 2020-11-30 10:20:34 +01:00
Kbuild kbuild: rename hostprogs-y/always to hostprogs/always-y 2020-02-04 01:53:07 +09:00
Kconfig kbuild: ensure full rebuild when the compiler is updated 2020-05-12 13:28:33 +09:00
MAINTAINERS f2fs: move ioctl interface definitions to separated file 2021-05-19 10:13:00 +02:00
Makefile Linux 5.10.64 2021-09-12 08:58:28 +02:00
README Drop all 00-INDEX files from Documentation/ 2018-09-09 15:08:58 -06:00

README 

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.  The formatted documentation can also be read online at:

    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.