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![Vlastimil Babka](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
The debug_pagealloc functionality is useful to catch buggy page allocator users that cause e.g. use after free or double free. When page inconsistency is detected, debugging is often simpler by knowing the call stack of process that last allocated and freed the page. When page_owner is also enabled, we record the allocation stack trace, but not freeing. This patch therefore adds recording of freeing process stack trace to page owner info, if both page_owner and debug_pagealloc are configured and enabled. With only page_owner enabled, this info is not useful for the memory leak debugging use case. dump_page() is adjusted to print the info. An example result of calling __free_pages() twice may look like this (note the page last free stack trace): BUG: Bad page state in process bash pfn:13d8f8 page:ffffc31984f63e00 refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 flags: 0x1affff800000000() raw: 01affff800000000 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: nonzero _refcount page_owner tracks the page as freed page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0xcc0(GFP_KERNEL) prep_new_page+0x143/0x150 get_page_from_freelist+0x289/0x380 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x13c/0x2d0 khugepaged+0x6e/0xc10 kthread+0xf9/0x130 ret_from_fork+0x3a/0x50 page last free stack trace: free_pcp_prepare+0x134/0x1e0 free_unref_page+0x18/0x90 khugepaged+0x7b/0xc10 kthread+0xf9/0x130 ret_from_fork+0x3a/0x50 Modules linked in: CPU: 3 PID: 271 Comm: bash Not tainted 5.3.0-rc4-2.g07a1a73-default+ #57 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.1-0-ga5cab58-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Call Trace: dump_stack+0x85/0xc0 bad_page.cold+0xba/0xbf rmqueue_pcplist.isra.0+0x6c5/0x6d0 rmqueue+0x2d/0x810 get_page_from_freelist+0x191/0x380 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x13c/0x2d0 __get_free_pages+0xd/0x30 __pud_alloc+0x2c/0x110 copy_page_range+0x4f9/0x630 dup_mmap+0x362/0x480 dup_mm+0x68/0x110 copy_process+0x19e1/0x1b40 _do_fork+0x73/0x310 __x64_sys_clone+0x75/0x80 do_syscall_64+0x6e/0x1e0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe RIP: 0033:0x7f10af854a10 ... Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190820131828.22684-5-vbabka@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
119 lines
4.7 KiB
Text
119 lines
4.7 KiB
Text
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
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config PAGE_EXTENSION
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bool "Extend memmap on extra space for more information on page"
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---help---
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Extend memmap on extra space for more information on page. This
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could be used for debugging features that need to insert extra
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field for every page. This extension enables us to save memory
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by not allocating this extra memory according to boottime
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configuration.
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config DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
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bool "Debug page memory allocations"
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depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
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depends on !HIBERNATION || ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC && !PPC && !SPARC
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select PAGE_POISONING if !ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
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---help---
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Unmap pages from the kernel linear mapping after free_pages().
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Depending on runtime enablement, this results in a small or large
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slowdown, but helps to find certain types of memory corruption.
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Also, the state of page tracking structures is checked more often as
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pages are being allocated and freed, as unexpected state changes
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often happen for same reasons as memory corruption (e.g. double free,
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use-after-free). The error reports for these checks can be augmented
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with stack traces of last allocation and freeing of the page, when
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PAGE_OWNER is also selected and enabled on boot.
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For architectures which don't enable ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC,
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fill the pages with poison patterns after free_pages() and verify
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the patterns before alloc_pages(). Additionally, this option cannot
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be enabled in combination with hibernation as that would result in
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incorrect warnings of memory corruption after a resume because free
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pages are not saved to the suspend image.
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By default this option will have a small overhead, e.g. by not
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allowing the kernel mapping to be backed by large pages on some
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architectures. Even bigger overhead comes when the debugging is
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enabled by DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT or the debug_pagealloc
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command line parameter.
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config DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT
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bool "Enable debug page memory allocations by default?"
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depends on DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
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---help---
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Enable debug page memory allocations by default? This value
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can be overridden by debug_pagealloc=off|on.
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config PAGE_OWNER
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bool "Track page owner"
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depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && STACKTRACE_SUPPORT
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select DEBUG_FS
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select STACKTRACE
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select STACKDEPOT
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select PAGE_EXTENSION
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help
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This keeps track of what call chain is the owner of a page, may
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help to find bare alloc_page(s) leaks. Even if you include this
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feature on your build, it is disabled in default. You should pass
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"page_owner=on" to boot parameter in order to enable it. Eats
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a fair amount of memory if enabled. See tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c
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for user-space helper.
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If unsure, say N.
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config PAGE_POISONING
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bool "Poison pages after freeing"
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select PAGE_POISONING_NO_SANITY if HIBERNATION
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---help---
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Fill the pages with poison patterns after free_pages() and verify
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the patterns before alloc_pages. The filling of the memory helps
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reduce the risk of information leaks from freed data. This does
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have a potential performance impact if enabled with the
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"page_poison=1" kernel boot option.
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Note that "poison" here is not the same thing as the "HWPoison"
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for CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE. This is software poisoning only.
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If unsure, say N
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config PAGE_POISONING_NO_SANITY
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depends on PAGE_POISONING
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bool "Only poison, don't sanity check"
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---help---
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Skip the sanity checking on alloc, only fill the pages with
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poison on free. This reduces some of the overhead of the
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poisoning feature.
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If you are only interested in sanitization, say Y. Otherwise
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say N.
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config PAGE_POISONING_ZERO
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bool "Use zero for poisoning instead of debugging value"
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depends on PAGE_POISONING
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---help---
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Instead of using the existing poison value, fill the pages with
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zeros. This makes it harder to detect when errors are occurring
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due to sanitization but the zeroing at free means that it is
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no longer necessary to write zeros when GFP_ZERO is used on
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allocation.
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If unsure, say N
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config DEBUG_PAGE_REF
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bool "Enable tracepoint to track down page reference manipulation"
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depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
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depends on TRACEPOINTS
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---help---
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This is a feature to add tracepoint for tracking down page reference
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manipulation. This tracking is useful to diagnose functional failure
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due to migration failures caused by page reference mismatches. Be
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careful when enabling this feature because it adds about 30 KB to the
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kernel code. However the runtime performance overhead is virtually
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nil until the tracepoints are actually enabled.
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config DEBUG_RODATA_TEST
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bool "Testcase for the marking rodata read-only"
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depends on STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
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---help---
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This option enables a testcase for the setting rodata read-only.
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