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![Izik Eidus](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
KSM is a linux driver that allows dynamicly sharing identical memory pages between one or more processes. Unlike tradtional page sharing that is made at the allocation of the memory, ksm do it dynamicly after the memory was created. Memory is periodically scanned; identical pages are identified and merged. The sharing is made in a transparent way to the processes that use it. Ksm is highly important for hypervisors (kvm), where in production enviorments there might be many copys of the same data data among the host memory. This kind of data can be: similar kernels, librarys, cache, and so on. Even that ksm was wrote for kvm, any userspace application that want to use it to share its data can try it. Ksm may be useful for any application that might have similar (page aligment) data strctures among the memory, ksm will find this data merge it to one copy, and even if it will be changed and thereforew copy on writed, ksm will merge it again as soon as it will be identical again. Another reason to consider using ksm is the fact that it might simplify alot the userspace code of application that want to use shared private data, instead that the application will mange shared area, ksm will do this for the application, and even write to this data will be allowed without any synchinization acts from the application. Ksm was designed to be a loadable module that doesn't change the VM code of linux. This patch: The set_pte_at_notify() macro allows setting a pte in the shadow page table directly, instead of flushing the shadow page table entry and then getting vmexit to set it. It uses a new change_pte() callback to do so. set_pte_at_notify() is an optimization for kvm, and other users of mmu_notifiers, for COW pages. It is useful for kvm when ksm is used, because it allows kvm not to have to receive vmexit and only then map the ksm page into the shadow page table, but instead map it directly at the same time as Linux maps the page into the host page table. Users of mmu_notifiers who don't implement new mmu_notifier_change_pte() callback will just receive the mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() callback. Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
297 lines
8.7 KiB
C
297 lines
8.7 KiB
C
/*
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* linux/mm/mmu_notifier.c
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*
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* Copyright (C) 2008 Qumranet, Inc.
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* Copyright (C) 2008 SGI
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* Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
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*
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* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
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* the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
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*/
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#include <linux/rculist.h>
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#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <linux/mm.h>
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#include <linux/err.h>
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#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
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#include <linux/sched.h>
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/*
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* This function can't run concurrently against mmu_notifier_register
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* because mm->mm_users > 0 during mmu_notifier_register and exit_mmap
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* runs with mm_users == 0. Other tasks may still invoke mmu notifiers
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* in parallel despite there being no task using this mm any more,
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* through the vmas outside of the exit_mmap context, such as with
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* vmtruncate. This serializes against mmu_notifier_unregister with
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* the mmu_notifier_mm->lock in addition to RCU and it serializes
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* against the other mmu notifiers with RCU. struct mmu_notifier_mm
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* can't go away from under us as exit_mmap holds an mm_count pin
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* itself.
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*/
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void __mmu_notifier_release(struct mm_struct *mm)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier *mn;
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spin_lock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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while (unlikely(!hlist_empty(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list))) {
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mn = hlist_entry(mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list.first,
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struct mmu_notifier,
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hlist);
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/*
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* We arrived before mmu_notifier_unregister so
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* mmu_notifier_unregister will do nothing other than
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* to wait ->release to finish and
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* mmu_notifier_unregister to return.
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*/
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hlist_del_init_rcu(&mn->hlist);
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/*
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* RCU here will block mmu_notifier_unregister until
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* ->release returns.
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*/
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rcu_read_lock();
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spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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/*
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* if ->release runs before mmu_notifier_unregister it
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* must be handled as it's the only way for the driver
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* to flush all existing sptes and stop the driver
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* from establishing any more sptes before all the
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* pages in the mm are freed.
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*/
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if (mn->ops->release)
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mn->ops->release(mn, mm);
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rcu_read_unlock();
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spin_lock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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}
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spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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/*
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* synchronize_rcu here prevents mmu_notifier_release to
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* return to exit_mmap (which would proceed freeing all pages
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* in the mm) until the ->release method returns, if it was
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* invoked by mmu_notifier_unregister.
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*
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* The mmu_notifier_mm can't go away from under us because one
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* mm_count is hold by exit_mmap.
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*/
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synchronize_rcu();
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}
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/*
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* If no young bitflag is supported by the hardware, ->clear_flush_young can
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* unmap the address and return 1 or 0 depending if the mapping previously
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* existed or not.
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*/
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int __mmu_notifier_clear_flush_young(struct mm_struct *mm,
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unsigned long address)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier *mn;
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struct hlist_node *n;
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int young = 0;
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rcu_read_lock();
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hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(mn, n, &mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list, hlist) {
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if (mn->ops->clear_flush_young)
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young |= mn->ops->clear_flush_young(mn, mm, address);
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}
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rcu_read_unlock();
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return young;
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}
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void __mmu_notifier_change_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
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pte_t pte)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier *mn;
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struct hlist_node *n;
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rcu_read_lock();
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hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(mn, n, &mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list, hlist) {
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if (mn->ops->change_pte)
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mn->ops->change_pte(mn, mm, address, pte);
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/*
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* Some drivers don't have change_pte,
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* so we must call invalidate_page in that case.
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*/
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else if (mn->ops->invalidate_page)
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mn->ops->invalidate_page(mn, mm, address);
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}
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rcu_read_unlock();
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}
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void __mmu_notifier_invalidate_page(struct mm_struct *mm,
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unsigned long address)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier *mn;
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struct hlist_node *n;
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rcu_read_lock();
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hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(mn, n, &mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list, hlist) {
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if (mn->ops->invalidate_page)
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mn->ops->invalidate_page(mn, mm, address);
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}
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rcu_read_unlock();
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}
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void __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(struct mm_struct *mm,
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unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier *mn;
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struct hlist_node *n;
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rcu_read_lock();
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hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(mn, n, &mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list, hlist) {
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if (mn->ops->invalidate_range_start)
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mn->ops->invalidate_range_start(mn, mm, start, end);
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}
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rcu_read_unlock();
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}
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void __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(struct mm_struct *mm,
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unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier *mn;
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struct hlist_node *n;
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rcu_read_lock();
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hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(mn, n, &mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list, hlist) {
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if (mn->ops->invalidate_range_end)
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mn->ops->invalidate_range_end(mn, mm, start, end);
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}
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rcu_read_unlock();
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}
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static int do_mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
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struct mm_struct *mm,
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int take_mmap_sem)
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{
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struct mmu_notifier_mm *mmu_notifier_mm;
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int ret;
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BUG_ON(atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) <= 0);
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ret = -ENOMEM;
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mmu_notifier_mm = kmalloc(sizeof(struct mmu_notifier_mm), GFP_KERNEL);
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if (unlikely(!mmu_notifier_mm))
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goto out;
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if (take_mmap_sem)
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down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
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ret = mm_take_all_locks(mm);
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if (unlikely(ret))
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goto out_cleanup;
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if (!mm_has_notifiers(mm)) {
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INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&mmu_notifier_mm->list);
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spin_lock_init(&mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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mm->mmu_notifier_mm = mmu_notifier_mm;
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mmu_notifier_mm = NULL;
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}
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atomic_inc(&mm->mm_count);
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/*
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* Serialize the update against mmu_notifier_unregister. A
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* side note: mmu_notifier_release can't run concurrently with
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* us because we hold the mm_users pin (either implicitly as
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* current->mm or explicitly with get_task_mm() or similar).
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* We can't race against any other mmu notifier method either
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* thanks to mm_take_all_locks().
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*/
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spin_lock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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hlist_add_head(&mn->hlist, &mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list);
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spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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mm_drop_all_locks(mm);
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out_cleanup:
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if (take_mmap_sem)
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up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
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/* kfree() does nothing if mmu_notifier_mm is NULL */
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kfree(mmu_notifier_mm);
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out:
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BUG_ON(atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) <= 0);
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return ret;
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}
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/*
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* Must not hold mmap_sem nor any other VM related lock when calling
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* this registration function. Must also ensure mm_users can't go down
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* to zero while this runs to avoid races with mmu_notifier_release,
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* so mm has to be current->mm or the mm should be pinned safely such
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* as with get_task_mm(). If the mm is not current->mm, the mm_users
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* pin should be released by calling mmput after mmu_notifier_register
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* returns. mmu_notifier_unregister must be always called to
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* unregister the notifier. mm_count is automatically pinned to allow
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* mmu_notifier_unregister to safely run at any time later, before or
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* after exit_mmap. ->release will always be called before exit_mmap
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* frees the pages.
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*/
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int mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
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{
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return do_mmu_notifier_register(mn, mm, 1);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmu_notifier_register);
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/*
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* Same as mmu_notifier_register but here the caller must hold the
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* mmap_sem in write mode.
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*/
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int __mmu_notifier_register(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
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{
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return do_mmu_notifier_register(mn, mm, 0);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__mmu_notifier_register);
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/* this is called after the last mmu_notifier_unregister() returned */
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void __mmu_notifier_mm_destroy(struct mm_struct *mm)
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{
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BUG_ON(!hlist_empty(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->list));
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kfree(mm->mmu_notifier_mm);
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mm->mmu_notifier_mm = LIST_POISON1; /* debug */
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}
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/*
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* This releases the mm_count pin automatically and frees the mm
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* structure if it was the last user of it. It serializes against
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* running mmu notifiers with RCU and against mmu_notifier_unregister
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* with the unregister lock + RCU. All sptes must be dropped before
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* calling mmu_notifier_unregister. ->release or any other notifier
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* method may be invoked concurrently with mmu_notifier_unregister,
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* and only after mmu_notifier_unregister returned we're guaranteed
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* that ->release or any other method can't run anymore.
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*/
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void mmu_notifier_unregister(struct mmu_notifier *mn, struct mm_struct *mm)
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{
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BUG_ON(atomic_read(&mm->mm_count) <= 0);
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spin_lock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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if (!hlist_unhashed(&mn->hlist)) {
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hlist_del_rcu(&mn->hlist);
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/*
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* RCU here will force exit_mmap to wait ->release to finish
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* before freeing the pages.
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*/
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rcu_read_lock();
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spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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/*
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* exit_mmap will block in mmu_notifier_release to
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* guarantee ->release is called before freeing the
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* pages.
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*/
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if (mn->ops->release)
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mn->ops->release(mn, mm);
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rcu_read_unlock();
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} else
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spin_unlock(&mm->mmu_notifier_mm->lock);
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/*
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* Wait any running method to finish, of course including
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* ->release if it was run by mmu_notifier_relase instead of us.
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*/
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synchronize_rcu();
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BUG_ON(atomic_read(&mm->mm_count) <= 0);
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mmdrop(mm);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmu_notifier_unregister);
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