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![Nathan Huckleberry](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Add support for HCTR2 as a template. HCTR2 is a length-preserving encryption mode that is efficient on processors with instructions to accelerate AES and carryless multiplication, e.g. x86 processors with AES-NI and CLMUL, and ARM processors with the ARMv8 Crypto Extensions. As a length-preserving encryption mode, HCTR2 is suitable for applications such as storage encryption where ciphertext expansion is not possible, and thus authenticated encryption cannot be used. Currently, such applications usually use XTS, or in some cases Adiantum. XTS has the disadvantage that it is a narrow-block mode: a bitflip will only change 16 bytes in the resulting ciphertext or plaintext. This reveals more information to an attacker than necessary. HCTR2 is a wide-block mode, so it provides a stronger security property: a bitflip will change the entire message. HCTR2 is somewhat similar to Adiantum, which is also a wide-block mode. However, HCTR2 is designed to take advantage of existing crypto instructions, while Adiantum targets devices without such hardware support. Adiantum is also designed with longer messages in mind, while HCTR2 is designed to be efficient even on short messages. HCTR2 requires POLYVAL and XCTR as components. More information on HCTR2 can be found here: "Length-preserving encryption with HCTR2": https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1441.pdf Signed-off-by: Nathan Huckleberry <nhuck@google.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
581 lines
17 KiB
C
581 lines
17 KiB
C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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/*
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* HCTR2 length-preserving encryption mode
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*
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* Copyright 2021 Google LLC
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*/
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/*
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* HCTR2 is a length-preserving encryption mode that is efficient on
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* processors with instructions to accelerate AES and carryless
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* multiplication, e.g. x86 processors with AES-NI and CLMUL, and ARM
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* processors with the ARMv8 crypto extensions.
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*
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* For more details, see the paper: "Length-preserving encryption with HCTR2"
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* (https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1441.pdf)
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*/
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#include <crypto/internal/cipher.h>
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#include <crypto/internal/hash.h>
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#include <crypto/internal/skcipher.h>
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#include <crypto/polyval.h>
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#include <crypto/scatterwalk.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#define BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE 16
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/*
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* The specification allows variable-length tweaks, but Linux's crypto API
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* currently only allows algorithms to support a single length. The "natural"
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* tweak length for HCTR2 is 16, since that fits into one POLYVAL block for
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* the best performance. But longer tweaks are useful for fscrypt, to avoid
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* needing to derive per-file keys. So instead we use two blocks, or 32 bytes.
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*/
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#define TWEAK_SIZE 32
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struct hctr2_instance_ctx {
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struct crypto_cipher_spawn blockcipher_spawn;
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struct crypto_skcipher_spawn xctr_spawn;
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struct crypto_shash_spawn polyval_spawn;
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};
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struct hctr2_tfm_ctx {
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struct crypto_cipher *blockcipher;
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struct crypto_skcipher *xctr;
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struct crypto_shash *polyval;
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u8 L[BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE];
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int hashed_tweak_offset;
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/*
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* This struct is allocated with extra space for two exported hash
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* states. Since the hash state size is not known at compile-time, we
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* can't add these to the struct directly.
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*
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* hashed_tweaklen_divisible;
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* hashed_tweaklen_remainder;
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*/
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};
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struct hctr2_request_ctx {
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u8 first_block[BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE];
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u8 xctr_iv[BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE];
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struct scatterlist *bulk_part_dst;
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struct scatterlist *bulk_part_src;
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struct scatterlist sg_src[2];
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struct scatterlist sg_dst[2];
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/*
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* Sub-request sizes are unknown at compile-time, so they need to go
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* after the members with known sizes.
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*/
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union {
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struct shash_desc hash_desc;
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struct skcipher_request xctr_req;
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} u;
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/*
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* This struct is allocated with extra space for one exported hash
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* state. Since the hash state size is not known at compile-time, we
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* can't add it to the struct directly.
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*
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* hashed_tweak;
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*/
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};
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static inline u8 *hctr2_hashed_tweaklen(const struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx,
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bool has_remainder)
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{
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u8 *p = (u8 *)tctx + sizeof(*tctx);
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if (has_remainder) /* For messages not a multiple of block length */
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p += crypto_shash_statesize(tctx->polyval);
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return p;
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}
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static inline u8 *hctr2_hashed_tweak(const struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx,
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struct hctr2_request_ctx *rctx)
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{
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return (u8 *)rctx + tctx->hashed_tweak_offset;
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}
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/*
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* The input data for each HCTR2 hash step begins with a 16-byte block that
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* contains the tweak length and a flag that indicates whether the input is evenly
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* divisible into blocks. Since this implementation only supports one tweak
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* length, we precompute the two hash states resulting from hashing the two
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* possible values of this initial block. This reduces by one block the amount of
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* data that needs to be hashed for each encryption/decryption
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*
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* These precomputed hashes are stored in hctr2_tfm_ctx.
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*/
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static int hctr2_hash_tweaklen(struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx, bool has_remainder)
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{
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SHASH_DESC_ON_STACK(shash, tfm->polyval);
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__le64 tweak_length_block[2];
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int err;
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shash->tfm = tctx->polyval;
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memset(tweak_length_block, 0, sizeof(tweak_length_block));
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tweak_length_block[0] = cpu_to_le64(TWEAK_SIZE * 8 * 2 + 2 + has_remainder);
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err = crypto_shash_init(shash);
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if (err)
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return err;
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err = crypto_shash_update(shash, (u8 *)tweak_length_block,
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POLYVAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
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if (err)
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return err;
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return crypto_shash_export(shash, hctr2_hashed_tweaklen(tctx, has_remainder));
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}
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static int hctr2_setkey(struct crypto_skcipher *tfm, const u8 *key,
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unsigned int keylen)
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{
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struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx = crypto_skcipher_ctx(tfm);
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u8 hbar[BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE];
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int err;
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crypto_cipher_clear_flags(tctx->blockcipher, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MASK);
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crypto_cipher_set_flags(tctx->blockcipher,
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crypto_skcipher_get_flags(tfm) &
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CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MASK);
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err = crypto_cipher_setkey(tctx->blockcipher, key, keylen);
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if (err)
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return err;
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crypto_skcipher_clear_flags(tctx->xctr, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MASK);
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crypto_skcipher_set_flags(tctx->xctr,
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crypto_skcipher_get_flags(tfm) &
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CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MASK);
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err = crypto_skcipher_setkey(tctx->xctr, key, keylen);
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if (err)
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return err;
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memset(hbar, 0, sizeof(hbar));
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crypto_cipher_encrypt_one(tctx->blockcipher, hbar, hbar);
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memset(tctx->L, 0, sizeof(tctx->L));
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tctx->L[0] = 0x01;
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crypto_cipher_encrypt_one(tctx->blockcipher, tctx->L, tctx->L);
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crypto_shash_clear_flags(tctx->polyval, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MASK);
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crypto_shash_set_flags(tctx->polyval, crypto_skcipher_get_flags(tfm) &
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CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MASK);
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err = crypto_shash_setkey(tctx->polyval, hbar, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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if (err)
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return err;
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memzero_explicit(hbar, sizeof(hbar));
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return hctr2_hash_tweaklen(tctx, true) ?: hctr2_hash_tweaklen(tctx, false);
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}
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static int hctr2_hash_tweak(struct skcipher_request *req)
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{
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struct crypto_skcipher *tfm = crypto_skcipher_reqtfm(req);
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const struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx = crypto_skcipher_ctx(tfm);
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struct hctr2_request_ctx *rctx = skcipher_request_ctx(req);
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struct shash_desc *hash_desc = &rctx->u.hash_desc;
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int err;
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bool has_remainder = req->cryptlen % POLYVAL_BLOCK_SIZE;
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hash_desc->tfm = tctx->polyval;
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err = crypto_shash_import(hash_desc, hctr2_hashed_tweaklen(tctx, has_remainder));
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if (err)
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return err;
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err = crypto_shash_update(hash_desc, req->iv, TWEAK_SIZE);
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if (err)
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return err;
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// Store the hashed tweak, since we need it when computing both
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// H(T || N) and H(T || V).
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return crypto_shash_export(hash_desc, hctr2_hashed_tweak(tctx, rctx));
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}
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static int hctr2_hash_message(struct skcipher_request *req,
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struct scatterlist *sgl,
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u8 digest[POLYVAL_DIGEST_SIZE])
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{
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static const u8 padding[BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE] = { 0x1 };
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struct hctr2_request_ctx *rctx = skcipher_request_ctx(req);
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struct shash_desc *hash_desc = &rctx->u.hash_desc;
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const unsigned int bulk_len = req->cryptlen - BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE;
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struct sg_mapping_iter miter;
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unsigned int remainder = bulk_len % BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE;
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int i;
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int err = 0;
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int n = 0;
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sg_miter_start(&miter, sgl, sg_nents(sgl),
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SG_MITER_FROM_SG | SG_MITER_ATOMIC);
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for (i = 0; i < bulk_len; i += n) {
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sg_miter_next(&miter);
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n = min_t(unsigned int, miter.length, bulk_len - i);
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err = crypto_shash_update(hash_desc, miter.addr, n);
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if (err)
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break;
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}
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sg_miter_stop(&miter);
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if (err)
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return err;
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if (remainder) {
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err = crypto_shash_update(hash_desc, padding,
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BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE - remainder);
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if (err)
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return err;
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}
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return crypto_shash_final(hash_desc, digest);
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}
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static int hctr2_finish(struct skcipher_request *req)
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{
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struct crypto_skcipher *tfm = crypto_skcipher_reqtfm(req);
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const struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx = crypto_skcipher_ctx(tfm);
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struct hctr2_request_ctx *rctx = skcipher_request_ctx(req);
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u8 digest[POLYVAL_DIGEST_SIZE];
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struct shash_desc *hash_desc = &rctx->u.hash_desc;
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int err;
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// U = UU ^ H(T || V)
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// or M = MM ^ H(T || N)
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hash_desc->tfm = tctx->polyval;
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err = crypto_shash_import(hash_desc, hctr2_hashed_tweak(tctx, rctx));
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if (err)
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return err;
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err = hctr2_hash_message(req, rctx->bulk_part_dst, digest);
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if (err)
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return err;
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crypto_xor(rctx->first_block, digest, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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// Copy U (or M) into dst scatterlist
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scatterwalk_map_and_copy(rctx->first_block, req->dst,
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0, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
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return 0;
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}
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static void hctr2_xctr_done(struct crypto_async_request *areq,
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int err)
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{
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struct skcipher_request *req = areq->data;
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if (!err)
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err = hctr2_finish(req);
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skcipher_request_complete(req, err);
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}
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static int hctr2_crypt(struct skcipher_request *req, bool enc)
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{
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struct crypto_skcipher *tfm = crypto_skcipher_reqtfm(req);
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const struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx = crypto_skcipher_ctx(tfm);
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struct hctr2_request_ctx *rctx = skcipher_request_ctx(req);
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u8 digest[POLYVAL_DIGEST_SIZE];
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int bulk_len = req->cryptlen - BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE;
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int err;
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// Requests must be at least one block
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if (req->cryptlen < BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE)
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return -EINVAL;
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// Copy M (or U) into a temporary buffer
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scatterwalk_map_and_copy(rctx->first_block, req->src,
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0, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
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// Create scatterlists for N and V
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rctx->bulk_part_src = scatterwalk_ffwd(rctx->sg_src, req->src,
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BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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rctx->bulk_part_dst = scatterwalk_ffwd(rctx->sg_dst, req->dst,
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BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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// MM = M ^ H(T || N)
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// or UU = U ^ H(T || V)
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err = hctr2_hash_tweak(req);
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if (err)
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return err;
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err = hctr2_hash_message(req, rctx->bulk_part_src, digest);
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if (err)
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return err;
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crypto_xor(digest, rctx->first_block, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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// UU = E(MM)
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// or MM = D(UU)
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if (enc)
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crypto_cipher_encrypt_one(tctx->blockcipher, rctx->first_block,
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digest);
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else
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crypto_cipher_decrypt_one(tctx->blockcipher, rctx->first_block,
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digest);
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// S = MM ^ UU ^ L
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crypto_xor(digest, rctx->first_block, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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crypto_xor_cpy(rctx->xctr_iv, digest, tctx->L, BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE);
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// V = XCTR(S, N)
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// or N = XCTR(S, V)
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skcipher_request_set_tfm(&rctx->u.xctr_req, tctx->xctr);
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skcipher_request_set_crypt(&rctx->u.xctr_req, rctx->bulk_part_src,
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rctx->bulk_part_dst, bulk_len,
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rctx->xctr_iv);
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skcipher_request_set_callback(&rctx->u.xctr_req,
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req->base.flags,
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hctr2_xctr_done, req);
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return crypto_skcipher_encrypt(&rctx->u.xctr_req) ?:
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hctr2_finish(req);
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}
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static int hctr2_encrypt(struct skcipher_request *req)
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{
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return hctr2_crypt(req, true);
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}
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static int hctr2_decrypt(struct skcipher_request *req)
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{
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return hctr2_crypt(req, false);
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}
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static int hctr2_init_tfm(struct crypto_skcipher *tfm)
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{
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struct skcipher_instance *inst = skcipher_alg_instance(tfm);
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struct hctr2_instance_ctx *ictx = skcipher_instance_ctx(inst);
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struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx = crypto_skcipher_ctx(tfm);
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struct crypto_skcipher *xctr;
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struct crypto_cipher *blockcipher;
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struct crypto_shash *polyval;
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unsigned int subreq_size;
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int err;
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xctr = crypto_spawn_skcipher(&ictx->xctr_spawn);
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if (IS_ERR(xctr))
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return PTR_ERR(xctr);
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blockcipher = crypto_spawn_cipher(&ictx->blockcipher_spawn);
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if (IS_ERR(blockcipher)) {
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err = PTR_ERR(blockcipher);
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goto err_free_xctr;
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}
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polyval = crypto_spawn_shash(&ictx->polyval_spawn);
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if (IS_ERR(polyval)) {
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err = PTR_ERR(polyval);
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goto err_free_blockcipher;
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}
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tctx->xctr = xctr;
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tctx->blockcipher = blockcipher;
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tctx->polyval = polyval;
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BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetofend(struct hctr2_request_ctx, u) !=
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sizeof(struct hctr2_request_ctx));
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subreq_size = max(sizeof_field(struct hctr2_request_ctx, u.hash_desc) +
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crypto_shash_descsize(polyval),
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sizeof_field(struct hctr2_request_ctx, u.xctr_req) +
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crypto_skcipher_reqsize(xctr));
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tctx->hashed_tweak_offset = offsetof(struct hctr2_request_ctx, u) +
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subreq_size;
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crypto_skcipher_set_reqsize(tfm, tctx->hashed_tweak_offset +
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crypto_shash_statesize(polyval));
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return 0;
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err_free_blockcipher:
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crypto_free_cipher(blockcipher);
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err_free_xctr:
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crypto_free_skcipher(xctr);
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return err;
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}
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|
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static void hctr2_exit_tfm(struct crypto_skcipher *tfm)
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{
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struct hctr2_tfm_ctx *tctx = crypto_skcipher_ctx(tfm);
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crypto_free_cipher(tctx->blockcipher);
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crypto_free_skcipher(tctx->xctr);
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crypto_free_shash(tctx->polyval);
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}
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|
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static void hctr2_free_instance(struct skcipher_instance *inst)
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{
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struct hctr2_instance_ctx *ictx = skcipher_instance_ctx(inst);
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crypto_drop_cipher(&ictx->blockcipher_spawn);
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crypto_drop_skcipher(&ictx->xctr_spawn);
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crypto_drop_shash(&ictx->polyval_spawn);
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kfree(inst);
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}
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|
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static int hctr2_create_common(struct crypto_template *tmpl,
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struct rtattr **tb,
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const char *xctr_name,
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const char *polyval_name)
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{
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u32 mask;
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struct skcipher_instance *inst;
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struct hctr2_instance_ctx *ictx;
|
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struct skcipher_alg *xctr_alg;
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struct crypto_alg *blockcipher_alg;
|
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struct shash_alg *polyval_alg;
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char blockcipher_name[CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME];
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int len;
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int err;
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|
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err = crypto_check_attr_type(tb, CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_SKCIPHER, &mask);
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if (err)
|
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return err;
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|
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inst = kzalloc(sizeof(*inst) + sizeof(*ictx), GFP_KERNEL);
|
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if (!inst)
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return -ENOMEM;
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ictx = skcipher_instance_ctx(inst);
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|
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/* Stream cipher, xctr(block_cipher) */
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err = crypto_grab_skcipher(&ictx->xctr_spawn,
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skcipher_crypto_instance(inst),
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xctr_name, 0, mask);
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if (err)
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|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
xctr_alg = crypto_spawn_skcipher_alg(&ictx->xctr_spawn);
|
|
|
|
err = -EINVAL;
|
|
if (strncmp(xctr_alg->base.cra_name, "xctr(", 5))
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
len = strscpy(blockcipher_name, xctr_alg->base.cra_name + 5,
|
|
sizeof(blockcipher_name));
|
|
if (len < 1)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
if (blockcipher_name[len - 1] != ')')
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
blockcipher_name[len - 1] = 0;
|
|
|
|
/* Block cipher, e.g. "aes" */
|
|
err = crypto_grab_cipher(&ictx->blockcipher_spawn,
|
|
skcipher_crypto_instance(inst),
|
|
blockcipher_name, 0, mask);
|
|
if (err)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
blockcipher_alg = crypto_spawn_cipher_alg(&ictx->blockcipher_spawn);
|
|
|
|
/* Require blocksize of 16 bytes */
|
|
err = -EINVAL;
|
|
if (blockcipher_alg->cra_blocksize != BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
|
|
/* Polyval ε-∆U hash function */
|
|
err = crypto_grab_shash(&ictx->polyval_spawn,
|
|
skcipher_crypto_instance(inst),
|
|
polyval_name, 0, mask);
|
|
if (err)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
polyval_alg = crypto_spawn_shash_alg(&ictx->polyval_spawn);
|
|
|
|
/* Ensure Polyval is being used */
|
|
err = -EINVAL;
|
|
if (strcmp(polyval_alg->base.cra_name, "polyval") != 0)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
|
|
/* Instance fields */
|
|
|
|
err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
|
|
if (snprintf(inst->alg.base.cra_name, CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME, "hctr2(%s)",
|
|
blockcipher_alg->cra_name) >= CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
if (snprintf(inst->alg.base.cra_driver_name, CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME,
|
|
"hctr2_base(%s,%s)",
|
|
xctr_alg->base.cra_driver_name,
|
|
polyval_alg->base.cra_driver_name) >= CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME)
|
|
goto err_free_inst;
|
|
|
|
inst->alg.base.cra_blocksize = BLOCKCIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE;
|
|
inst->alg.base.cra_ctxsize = sizeof(struct hctr2_tfm_ctx) +
|
|
polyval_alg->statesize * 2;
|
|
inst->alg.base.cra_alignmask = xctr_alg->base.cra_alignmask |
|
|
polyval_alg->base.cra_alignmask;
|
|
/*
|
|
* The hash function is called twice, so it is weighted higher than the
|
|
* xctr and blockcipher.
|
|
*/
|
|
inst->alg.base.cra_priority = (2 * xctr_alg->base.cra_priority +
|
|
4 * polyval_alg->base.cra_priority +
|
|
blockcipher_alg->cra_priority) / 7;
|
|
|
|
inst->alg.setkey = hctr2_setkey;
|
|
inst->alg.encrypt = hctr2_encrypt;
|
|
inst->alg.decrypt = hctr2_decrypt;
|
|
inst->alg.init = hctr2_init_tfm;
|
|
inst->alg.exit = hctr2_exit_tfm;
|
|
inst->alg.min_keysize = crypto_skcipher_alg_min_keysize(xctr_alg);
|
|
inst->alg.max_keysize = crypto_skcipher_alg_max_keysize(xctr_alg);
|
|
inst->alg.ivsize = TWEAK_SIZE;
|
|
|
|
inst->free = hctr2_free_instance;
|
|
|
|
err = skcipher_register_instance(tmpl, inst);
|
|
if (err) {
|
|
err_free_inst:
|
|
hctr2_free_instance(inst);
|
|
}
|
|
return err;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static int hctr2_create_base(struct crypto_template *tmpl, struct rtattr **tb)
|
|
{
|
|
const char *xctr_name;
|
|
const char *polyval_name;
|
|
|
|
xctr_name = crypto_attr_alg_name(tb[1]);
|
|
if (IS_ERR(xctr_name))
|
|
return PTR_ERR(xctr_name);
|
|
|
|
polyval_name = crypto_attr_alg_name(tb[2]);
|
|
if (IS_ERR(polyval_name))
|
|
return PTR_ERR(polyval_name);
|
|
|
|
return hctr2_create_common(tmpl, tb, xctr_name, polyval_name);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static int hctr2_create(struct crypto_template *tmpl, struct rtattr **tb)
|
|
{
|
|
const char *blockcipher_name;
|
|
char xctr_name[CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME];
|
|
|
|
blockcipher_name = crypto_attr_alg_name(tb[1]);
|
|
if (IS_ERR(blockcipher_name))
|
|
return PTR_ERR(blockcipher_name);
|
|
|
|
if (snprintf(xctr_name, CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME, "xctr(%s)",
|
|
blockcipher_name) >= CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME)
|
|
return -ENAMETOOLONG;
|
|
|
|
return hctr2_create_common(tmpl, tb, xctr_name, "polyval");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static struct crypto_template hctr2_tmpls[] = {
|
|
{
|
|
/* hctr2_base(xctr_name, polyval_name) */
|
|
.name = "hctr2_base",
|
|
.create = hctr2_create_base,
|
|
.module = THIS_MODULE,
|
|
}, {
|
|
/* hctr2(blockcipher_name) */
|
|
.name = "hctr2",
|
|
.create = hctr2_create,
|
|
.module = THIS_MODULE,
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static int __init hctr2_module_init(void)
|
|
{
|
|
return crypto_register_templates(hctr2_tmpls, ARRAY_SIZE(hctr2_tmpls));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void __exit hctr2_module_exit(void)
|
|
{
|
|
return crypto_unregister_templates(hctr2_tmpls,
|
|
ARRAY_SIZE(hctr2_tmpls));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
subsys_initcall(hctr2_module_init);
|
|
module_exit(hctr2_module_exit);
|
|
|
|
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("HCTR2 length-preserving encryption mode");
|
|
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
|
|
MODULE_ALIAS_CRYPTO("hctr2");
|
|
MODULE_IMPORT_NS(CRYPTO_INTERNAL);
|