mirror of
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
synced 2024-08-28 20:02:17 +00:00
![Nicolas Pitre](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
In order to remove the build time variation between different SOCs with regards to VMALLOC_END, the iotable mappings are now allocated inside the vmalloc region. This allows for VMALLOC_END to be identical across all machines. The value for VMALLOC_END is now set to 0xff000000 which is right where the consistent DMA area starts. To accommodate all static mappings on machines with possible highmem usage, the default vmalloc area size is changed to 240 MB so that VMALLOC_START is no higher than 0xf0000000 by default. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org> Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com> Tested-by: Jamie Iles <jamie@jamieiles.com>
92 lines
3.2 KiB
Text
92 lines
3.2 KiB
Text
Kernel Memory Layout on ARM Linux
|
|
|
|
Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
|
|
November 17, 2005 (2.6.15)
|
|
|
|
This document describes the virtual memory layout which the Linux
|
|
kernel uses for ARM processors. It indicates which regions are
|
|
free for platforms to use, and which are used by generic code.
|
|
|
|
The ARM CPU is capable of addressing a maximum of 4GB virtual memory
|
|
space, and this must be shared between user space processes, the
|
|
kernel, and hardware devices.
|
|
|
|
As the ARM architecture matures, it becomes necessary to reserve
|
|
certain regions of VM space for use for new facilities; therefore
|
|
this document may reserve more VM space over time.
|
|
|
|
Start End Use
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
ffff8000 ffffffff copy_user_page / clear_user_page use.
|
|
For SA11xx and Xscale, this is used to
|
|
setup a minicache mapping.
|
|
|
|
ffff4000 ffffffff cache aliasing on ARMv6 and later CPUs.
|
|
|
|
ffff1000 ffff7fff Reserved.
|
|
Platforms must not use this address range.
|
|
|
|
ffff0000 ffff0fff CPU vector page.
|
|
The CPU vectors are mapped here if the
|
|
CPU supports vector relocation (control
|
|
register V bit.)
|
|
|
|
fffe0000 fffeffff XScale cache flush area. This is used
|
|
in proc-xscale.S to flush the whole data
|
|
cache. (XScale does not have TCM.)
|
|
|
|
fffe8000 fffeffff DTCM mapping area for platforms with
|
|
DTCM mounted inside the CPU.
|
|
|
|
fffe0000 fffe7fff ITCM mapping area for platforms with
|
|
ITCM mounted inside the CPU.
|
|
|
|
fff00000 fffdffff Fixmap mapping region. Addresses provided
|
|
by fix_to_virt() will be located here.
|
|
|
|
ffc00000 ffefffff DMA memory mapping region. Memory returned
|
|
by the dma_alloc_xxx functions will be
|
|
dynamically mapped here.
|
|
|
|
ff000000 ffbfffff Reserved for future expansion of DMA
|
|
mapping region.
|
|
|
|
VMALLOC_START VMALLOC_END-1 vmalloc() / ioremap() space.
|
|
Memory returned by vmalloc/ioremap will
|
|
be dynamically placed in this region.
|
|
Machine specific static mappings are also
|
|
located here through iotable_init().
|
|
VMALLOC_START is based upon the value
|
|
of the high_memory variable, and VMALLOC_END
|
|
is equal to 0xff000000.
|
|
|
|
PAGE_OFFSET high_memory-1 Kernel direct-mapped RAM region.
|
|
This maps the platforms RAM, and typically
|
|
maps all platform RAM in a 1:1 relationship.
|
|
|
|
PKMAP_BASE PAGE_OFFSET-1 Permanent kernel mappings
|
|
One way of mapping HIGHMEM pages into kernel
|
|
space.
|
|
|
|
MODULES_VADDR MODULES_END-1 Kernel module space
|
|
Kernel modules inserted via insmod are
|
|
placed here using dynamic mappings.
|
|
|
|
00001000 TASK_SIZE-1 User space mappings
|
|
Per-thread mappings are placed here via
|
|
the mmap() system call.
|
|
|
|
00000000 00000fff CPU vector page / null pointer trap
|
|
CPUs which do not support vector remapping
|
|
place their vector page here. NULL pointer
|
|
dereferences by both the kernel and user
|
|
space are also caught via this mapping.
|
|
|
|
Please note that mappings which collide with the above areas may result
|
|
in a non-bootable kernel, or may cause the kernel to (eventually) panic
|
|
at run time.
|
|
|
|
Since future CPUs may impact the kernel mapping layout, user programs
|
|
must not access any memory which is not mapped inside their 0x0001000
|
|
to TASK_SIZE address range. If they wish to access these areas, they
|
|
must set up their own mappings using open() and mmap().
|